• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.247-250
• /
• 1995

The development and empirical validation of a mathematical model for predicting the depth of deformed layer in a machined surface are presented. The main assumption for develioping this model is that there is a linear relationship between plastic strain and the depth to which it extends. The model relates the work required to shear the workpice material to the work needed to compress the workpiece material ahead of the cutting tool. The results show that the percent difference between the calculated and the measured depth of deformed layer ranges form 4 percent to 19 percent. An improvement of the model is suggested through application of actual distribution data of plastic strain.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 2004

The cutting characteristics and the deformed layer of nitrogen(N)-added type 316LN stainless steel were comparatively investigated to type 316L stainless steel. The cutting force, the surface roughness(Ra) and the tool wear in face milling works were measured with cutting conditions, and the deformed layers were obtained from micro-hardness testing method. The cutting resistance of type 316LN was similar to type 316L in spite of its high strength. The surface roughness of type 316LN was superior to type 316L for all the cutting conditions. In particular, in the high cutting speed above 345m/min, the surface roughness of the two stainless steels was closely same. The deformed layer thickness of the two stainless steels was generated in the 150$\mu\textrm{m}$-300$\mu\textrm{m}$ ranges, and its value of type 316LN was lower than that of type 316L. This is due to the high strength properties by nitrogen effect. It was found that type 316LN was higher in the tool wear than that type 316L, and flank wear was dominant to crater wear. In face milling works of type 316LN steel, tool wear is regarded as a important problem.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 1998

A plastically deformed layer in the precision machined surface affects in various forms the physical properties of machined components such as the fatigue strength, the dimensional instability, microcracks and the stress corrosion cracking. These physical properties, so called surface integrity, are very important for designing highly stressed and critically loaded components. Typical plastic strains in the precision machined surface are very difficult to measure, since they are located within a very short distance from the surface and they change very rapidly. A new way is suggested to determine the residual strain in plastically deformed materials by analyzing the plastically deformed layer after a subsequent recrystallization process. This investigation is to explore a new technique for measuring plastic strain in machining applications, and in particular, to and the effect of cutting parameters(rake angle, depth of cut, specific cutting energy), on the plastic strains and strain energy.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2004

The deformed layers generated in face milling works were comparatively investigated to type 316L and nitrogen(N)-added type 316LN stainless steels. In order to characterize mechanical properties between type 316L and type 316LN, high-temperature tensile tests were conducted with different temperatures: R.T to $700^{\circ}C$. The cutting forces of three components, Fx, Fy and Fz were measured using a tool dynamometer through the face milling cutting tests. The deformed layers were measured by micro-hardness tests along deformed layers. The results of mechanical properties showed that type 316LN was superior to type 316L. The deformed layers of two steels were generated in the 1501m-3001m ranges, and type 316L was higher than type 316LN. The reason for this is due to the high strength properties by nitrogen effect. It was found that deformed structures were well observed for type 316L, but were minutely observed for type 316LN in this cutting conditions.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 1988

Plastically deformed layer beneath metal surface machined by orthogonal cutting was evaluated in terms of residual stress, microvickers hardness, side spread, and the side strain. An attempt was made to predict the depth of layer according to machining conditions particularly tool geometry and the shear plane angle. In this paper, we employed two models concerning the sliplines. The exact model was validated by comparision of computed and measured tool force and its angle, and the model offers an upper boundary of the deformed layer to be in good agreement with the experiment.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.108-116
• /
• 2018

구리 용융흔(Melted bead) 미세조직(Microstructure)은 변형층(Deformed layer)과 원조직(Undeformed layer)으로 구분할 수 있다. 변형층이 존재하는 경우에는 측정오류가 발생되어 연마/미세연마(Grinding/Polishing)를 통하여 변형층을 제거하고 원조직을 관측하여야 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 구리 용융흔의 미세조직 분석을 위한 연마/미세연마 절차(Process)를 제시하였다. 변형층 제거를 위해 연마재 종류/크기, 연마시간, 연마율의 상관성을 분석하였고 변형층의 두께를 $1{\mu}m$ 이하가 되도록 하였다. 연구결과, 실리콘카바이드 연마재 $15{\mu}m$ (SiC P1200) 2 min, $10{\mu}m$ (SiC P2400) 1 min, 다이아몬드 연마재 $6{\mu}m$ 8 min, $3{\mu}m$ 6 min, $1{\mu}m$ 10 min, $.25{\mu}m$ 8 min 실시하는 새로운 연마/미세연마 절차를 제시하였다. 또한 최종 단계에서 3 min 동안 콜로이달 실리카 $.04{\mu}m$로 화학적 미세연마를 실시함으로써 미세조직의 선명성을 증대시키는 방안도 제시하였다. 연마/미세연마 시간은 총 38 min이 소요되며, 기존에 제시된 시간, 절차보다 단순화 하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2000

The plastically deformed layer in a machined surface must be considered in precision machining process. Therefore the analysis of the machined surface, including the plastic deformation and strain distribution should be carried out quantitatively. The subsequent recrystallization technique was presented for analysis of the plastically deformed layer in the machined surface, and the technique was successfully applied to determine the plastic strain in the machined surface. This investigation is to evaluate the plastic strain in the distance 0.1mm from the machined surface, and in particular, to find the effect of shear angle, shear strain, cutting energy etc. on the plastic strain.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.2079-2086
• /
• 2006

A fundamental study for developing a fault diagnosis system of a pump is performed by using neural network. Acoustic signals were obtained and converted to frequency domain for normal products and artificially deformed products. The neural network model used in this study was 3-layer type composed of input, hidden, and output layer. The normalized amplitudes at the multiples of real driving frequency were chosen as units of input layer. And the codes of pump malfunctions were selected as units of output layer. Various sets of teach signals made from original data by eliminating some random cases were used in the training. The average errors were approximately proportional to the number of untaught data. Neural network trained by acoustic signals can detect malfunction or diagnose fault of a given machine from the results.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.918-921
• /
• 2001

In grinding process, the heat of $1200^{\circ}$~$1500^{\circ}$ on the grinding area between grinding wheel and workpiece is generated. It decreases the surface integrity of workpiece and causes the thermal damages such as the deformed layer, residual stress and grinding burn. Generally coolant is widely used for preventing the heat generation on the grinding area, but it deteriorates the working condition by polluting the atmosphere of workplace and in the end pollutes the environment. The grinding methods using the compressed cold air and mist are the cooling methods to substitute conventional coolant. They can decrease the environmental pollution through not using coolant any more or minimizing it. In this study, the cooling effects of grinding methods using the compressed cold air and mist have been investigated. The grinding system equipped with the water bathe and mist spray nozzle was developed. The energy partition to workpiece through measuring the temperature on the workpiece surface was calculated. The surface integrity of workpiece and thermal damage like the deformed layer were analyzed.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제21권12호
• /
• pp.2019-2028
• /
• 1997

It has been well established that resistant force and wear that occur during rolling motion depend on several factors such as material type, hardness, subsurface microstructure, applied load, and speed. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of microstructure and the state of deformed layer on the rolling contact characteristics in dry and lubricated rolling contacts. The results of this work show that the rolling resistance behavior depends on the state of the deformed layer. Also, lubrication can reduce the plastic flow at the surface but may still have an effect on the subsurface strain. The cross-sectional view of the microstructure shows that surface traction has a difinite effect on the morphology of the surface region. That is, significant slip seems to have taken place between the ball than those of the dry rolling case. The surface generation effects were significantly less compared to the case of dry rolling contact.