• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

Deforestation is a major and very critical problem faced by many tropical countries including Malaysia. Sabah is the second largest state in Malaysia and its deforestation rate has been accelerating. This study was conducted to monitor the deforestation in Sabah in the last two decades with Landsat images of 1990, 2000 and 2008. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood algorithm was conducted using the Landsat data for monitoring deforestation. In total, between 1990 and 2008, Sabah lost half of its intact forest, or more than 1.85 million ha in less than two decades. Overall, the deforestation rate for all forest types combined for the last two decades was 1.6% per year. Deforestation seemed to be accelerating because the deforestation rate between 1990 and 2000 was 0.9% per year and it had increased to 2.7% per year between 2000 and 2008. The deforestation trend seemed to follow a negative exponential from 1990 to 2008. In contrast, the agricultural areas increased rapidly with a total of increment more than 1 million ha. This confirmed that agriculture especially establishment of commercial plantation was the major factor of deforestation in Sabah for the last two decades.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.188-191
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• 2018

To know if deforestation practice affects the distribution and abundance of herpetofauna in Mt. Gariwang, South Korea, we conducted field surveys over 12 times both at deforested (n=9 sites) and un-touched (control, n=12 sites) forest areas from March to October, 2017. Each survey site was approximately $100m\;long{\times}20m$ wide area, which in the middle of the site, mountain road presented. During each survey, we recorded the species and the number of amphibians and reptiles which identified. To compare environments between the two areas, we analyzed eight environmental variables, extracted from digital sources. Overall, we found one amphibian and four reptile species at deforested area, while each five amphibian and reptile species at un-touched area. The number of amphibian species significantly tended to be smaller at deforested area. The number of the survey sites where amphibians found and the number of amphibian individuals showed the same trend. For reptiles, although the number of reptile individuals showed some increases, all variables investigated were not significantly changed by deforestation practice. Our results imply that deforestation practice negatively affects amphibians, but effects of that on reptiles are not evident.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.149-149
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• 2019

Gross Primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are the two critical components of carbon and water cycle respectively, linking the terrestrial surface and ecosystem with the atmosphere. The ratio between GPP to ET is called ecosystem water use efficiency (EWUE) and its quantification at the forest site helps to understand the impact of climate change due to large scale anthropogenic activities such as deforestation and irrigation. This study was conducted at the FLUXNET forest site CN-Qia (2003-2005) using Community land model (CLM 5.0). We simulated carbon and water fluxes including GPP, ecosystem respiration (ER), and ET using climatic variables as forcing dataset for 30 years (1981-2010). Model results were validated with the FLUXNET tower observations. The correlation showed better performance with values of 0.65, 0.77, and 0.63 for GPP, ER, and ET, respectively. The model underestimated the results with minimum bias of -0.04, -1.67, and -0.40 for GPP, ER, and ET, respectively. Effect of climate 'CLIM' and '$CO_2$' were analyzed based on EWUE and its trend was evaluated in the study period. The positive trend of EWUE was observed in the whole period from 1981-2010, and the trend showed further increase when simulated with rising $CO_2$. The time period were divided into two parts, from 1981-2000 and from 2001 to 2010, to identify the warming effect on EWUE. The first period showed the similar increasing trend of EWUE, but the second period showed slightly decreasing trend. This might be associated with the increase in ET in the wet temperate forest site due to increase in climate warming. Water use efficiency defined by transpiration (TR) (TWUE), and inherent-TR based WUE (IT-WUE) were also discussed. This research provides the evidence to climate warming and emphasized the importance of long term planning for management of water resources and evaporative demand in irrigation, deforestation and other anthropogenic activities.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

본 연구는 위성영상을 바탕으로 북한 DMZ의 산림현황을 분석하고 산림황폐지의 변화를 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 생육기·비생육기 RapidEye 위성영상을 활용하여 북한 DMZ의 토지피복을 분류하였다. 토지피복을 입목지(침엽수림, 활엽수림, 혼효림), 산림황폐지(산간나지, 개간산지, 무립목지), 비산림지로 분류하고 산림 및 산림황폐지 면적을 생태지리구획에 따라 집계하였다. 연안-배천지구, 법동-평강지구, 회양-금강지구, 통천-고성지구의 산림황폐율은 14.24%, 16.75%, 5.98%, 16.63%로 각각 산출되었으며, 북한 DMZ 내 산림황폐화 주요 원인은 산불과 산지전용으로 판단되었다. 또한, 구글 어스 영상을 통해 산림황폐지 변화를 분석하였으며, 산림황폐지 면적은 감소하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 향후 본 연구 결과는 북한 DMZ의 산림공간정보를 제공함으로 써 남북접경지역의 산림협력 전략 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.773-781
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• 2002

The natural carbon cycle has been perturbed since the mid-19th century by anthropogenic CO$_2$emissions from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to population growth and industrialization. The current study simulated the global carbon cycle for the past 42 years using an eight-box carbon cycle model. The results showed that since the terrestrial biospheric carbon sink was roughly offset by the deforestation source, the fossil fuel emission source was partitioned between the atmospheric and oceanic sinks. However, the partitioning ratio between the atmosphere and the ocean exhibited a change, that is, the carbon accumulation rate was faster in the atmosphere than in the ocean, due to a decrease in the so-called ocean buffering capacity. It was found that the ocean buffering capacity to take up excess CO$_2$decreased by 50% in terms of the buffer factor over the past 42 years. Accordingly, these results indicate that if the current CO$_2$emission trend continues, the future rate of increase in the atmospheric CO$_2$concentration will accelerate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

Improving public awareness of wood is crucial for expanding the use of wood and establishing a wood culture. In this study, the environment and trends of the public's wood utilization were analyzed using a questionnaire survey and online text mining at a time when eco-friendly practices are gaining popularity. As a result of reducing climatic and environmental concerns and its positive physical and psychological effects, the use of wood is predicted to rise in areas intimately connected to everyday living, such as wood furniture, wooden structures, and interior materials. Nonetheless, there was a negative awareness that wood was expensive, difficult to maintain, and associated with deforestation. The correlations between wood-related search terms on major Korean portal sites were analyzed and categorized into five groups: Wooden architecture, cultural education, woodworking, wood industry, and wood policy. As a building material, wood was seen as more traditional and friendly than reinforced concrete and stone. Eighty-six percent of respondents expected to utilize wood as a building material in the future, regardless of whether the wood is domestically produced or imported. Sixty-five percent responded favorably about the effects of wood on the health of wooden home inhabitants. It is believed that both active publicity and quantifiable value analysis of human and environmental friendliness are required to increase pro-environment awareness of wood utilization.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.194-198
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• 2012

In order not to hinder the trend of promoting participatory forest management under the REDD-plus mechanism, we propose a simple method to support local stakeholders evaluating and selecting promising national programs as REDD-plus activities prior to the launch of activities. Program evaluation is done from the viewpoint of expectations for achieving (1) 'triple-benefit' consisting of emission reduction from mitigating deforestation and forest degradation, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation, and (2) 'feasibility' when the programs would be practiced on the ground. The method is applicable for other countries.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.122-132
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• 2020

The study examined revenue generation trend and perception of challenges facing it by forestry personnel in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data for the study was generated through primary and secondary sources. Primary sources involved the use of questionnaire which was administered to all Forest Officers and Uniformed Field Staff in all the 31 Forest Division and Headquarter in the state. Secondary sources involved collation of generated revenue from all the divisions for the study period. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including Least square regression. The results indicated an increasing trend in forest revenue for the state statistically defined by the function y=45631x-900000000＋e (p>0.05) with a coefficient of determination of 0.7492 or 74.92%. There was also a positive correlation (r=0.866) between generated revenue and year for the 20 years under review. The mean revenue was ₦4776247.00 with the highest generated revenue (₦9823550.00) in 2014. However, majority (55.13%) of the respondents perceived revenue generation in the state to be decreasing and attributed the decline majorly to lack of mobility (16.84%) and insufficient man power (15.79%). Attitude and level of offence in the study area was perceived to be fairly cooperative (62.81%) and high (43.80%), while recruitment of more personnel (11.05%) and provision of mobility (10.03%) was considered an effective means of improving revenue generation in the state. Also, educating the people and regular patrol by forest personnel was considered as the best ways of curtailing forest offences in the area. The study recommended increased allocation of funds to the sector in addition to tackling the challenges faced by the personnel.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.323-337
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• 2006

This work discussed the species composition, phylogeny, spatio-temporal distribution, ecology and natural history of North Korean Pinaceae or pine tree family, which seems to be important to maintain nature and ecosystem in the Korean Peninsula. Out of five genera and sixteen species of Pinaceae of the Korean Peninsula, North Korea contains four genera and eleven species of Pinaceae, including Pinus densilflora, P. koraiensis, P. pumila, Picea jezoensis, P. koraiensis, P. koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, Larix gmelini, L. gmelinii var. olgensis, Abies holophylla and A. nephrolepis. In terms of phylogeny Pinus is closely related to Picea, and followed by Larix. Abies is close to Tsuga which only occur at Ullung Island. Distributional pattern of North Korean Pinaceae can be classified into four types; three species of nation-wide montane type i.e., Pinus densilflora, P. koraiensis and Abies holophylla, four species of central and northern subalpine type, i.e., Pinus pumila, Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini and Abies nephrolepis, one nation-wide subalpine type, Picea jezoensis, and three species disjunctive to north type, i.e., Picea koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, and Larix gmelinii var. olgensis. Pinaceae species occurring on the alpine and subalpine belts of North Korea, such as Pinus koraiensis, P. pumila, Picea jezoensis, P. koraiensis, P. koraiensis var. koraiensis, P. pungsanensis, Larix gmelini, L. gmelinii var. olgensis and A. nephrolepis are considered as the glacial descendant from the boreal region. Those species might have migrated from the north during the Pleistocene glacial epochs in search of favourable condition, and since the Holocene period they survived on the hostile alpine and subalpine environments, in which they are more competitive than warmth-tolerant temperate vegetation. Certain species, such as Picea pungsanensis, is segregated on the isolated mountains since the Pleistocene period, and forced to adapt to local environment, and eventually became an endemic species of North Korea. Recent rapid global warming trend especially in northern high mountains of North Korea could cause an unfavourable environment for the survival of cold-tolerant Pinaceae of the alpine and subalpine belts. Pinus densiflora, which is occurring on the montane belt might faced with difficulties due to both the deforestation and the outbreak of insect-borne disease, such as Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권4호
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• pp.548-557
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• 2011

현재 국제사회에서 가장 비용효과적인 온실가스 감축방안으로 제시되고 있는 REDD를 UNFCCC 체제 내에 도입하기 위한 논의가 두 가지 측면에서 진행되고 있다. 첫째, 산림전용과 산림황폐화의 방지를 통한 탄소배출감축량의 산정방법과 그에 대한 측정방법개발, 둘째, REDD 사업 수혜대상국인 개발도상국에 대한 인센티브 체제 결정이 그것이다. 우리나라의 REDD 사업이 추진된다면 적절한 수준의 상쇄배출권 확보를 통해 포스트 교토체제에서 한국에게 온실가스 감축을 위한 폭넓은 기회를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다. 그를 위해 REDD를 국내에 도입하기 위해서는 무엇보다 법제도적 확실성 보장과 더불어 적절한 투자대상국들과의 거버넌스 구축이 필요하다.