• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2012

위상한정 상관법은 특징점추출이나 고유얼굴을 사용하지 않고 얼굴을 인식할 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 정사각형 영역에 대하여 푸리에변환을 이용한다. 본 본문에서는 위상한정 상관법을 이용한 얼굴인식 방법의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 이 기법에 보다 효과적인 정사각형 얼굴영역을 실험을 통하여 제안하고 있다. 구체적으로 세 가지 얼굴영역에 대하여 실험하였다. 첫째 머리부분과 여백을 포함하는 정사각형영역, 둘째 수평방향으로 양 귀 사이와 수직방향으로 턱끝에서 이마까지의 정사각형영역, 셋째 수평방향으로 입술 바로 밑을 지나는 선이 뺨영역과 만나는 두 점 사이, 수직방향으로 입술 바로 밑에서 이마까지의 정사각형영역이다. 실험결과 세 가지 영역 중에서 두 번째 얼굴영역이 위상한정 상관법의 임계치 설정에 가장 유리함을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2005

본 논문은 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 추출된 표면 곡률에 대 하여, 깊이 값을 가중치로 하는 Hausdorff 거리를 이용한 얼굴 인식 알고리즘을 제안한다. Hausdorff 거리 방법은 두 개의 점 집합에 대한 일치성을 측정하는 방법이다. 먼저 객체와 배경을 분리하여 얼굴을 추출한 후 얼굴에서 가장 두드러진 형태인 코끝을 찾고, 회전에 대한 정규화를 실시한다. 3차원 얼굴 영상으로부터 표면 특성의 정보인 주 곡률, 평균 곡률 그리고 가우시안 곡률 값을 추출한다. 입력 영상과 데이터베이스 영상과의 유사도 비교를 위해 두 영상에 대하여 문턱치 값에 의한 이진 영상을 추출하여 각 점에 대한 깊이 값을 가중치로 하는 깊이 가중치 Hausdoff 거리(DWHD)를 이용하여 비교하였다. 제안된 방법으로 수행한 결과, 인식률은 픽셀의 분포가 가장 적은 주 곡률의 최소 곡률이 98%로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.259-262
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• 2015

Due to the labor-intensiveness, high investment cost, long execution time, frequent change orders, and many stakeholders in a BIM project, a BIM manager is bound to face a lot of risks to make decisions in cost managing process. Since the productivity of a BIM team will affect the execution cost, this study investigates a simple method of assessing the productivity of a BIM team using the working timesheet records of the team. In this research, the productivity of a BIM team is defined as the effective working floor area (in square meters) of BIM uses per labor-time (in man-months) spent by the team. After the applicability of this method is tested by regression analysis using data from 5 real BIM projects in the construction phase, it is found that the simple productivity definition adopted in the method, although easy-to-implement, does not produce a statistically constant productivity value. More research is therefore needed in the future to devise better indicator(s) for assessing the productivity of a BIM team.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.157-177
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• 2018

The students in secondary schools have been taught calculus as an important subject in mathematics. The order of chapters-the limit of a sequence followed by limit of a function, and differentiation and integration- is because the limit of a function and the limit of a sequence are required as prerequisites of differentiation and integration. Specifically, the limit of a sequence is used to define definite integral as the limit of the Riemann Sum. However, many researchers identified that students had difficulty in understanding the concept of definite integral defined as the limit of the Riemann Sum. Consequently, they suggested alternative ways to introduce definite integral. Based on these researches, the definition of definite integral in the 2015-Revised Curriculum is not a concept of the limit of the Riemann Sum, which was the definition of definite integral in the previous curriculum, but "F(b)-F(a)" for an indefinite integral F(x) of a function f(x) and real numbers a and b. This change gives rise to differences among ways of introducing definite integral and explaining the relationship between definite integral and area in each textbook. As a result of this study, we have identified that there are a variety of ways of introducing definite integral in each textbook and that ways of explaining the relationship between definite integral and area are affected by ways of introducing definite integral. We expect that this change can reduce the difficulties students face when learning the concept of definite integral.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1748-1759
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• 2018

Weber Local Descriptor (WLD) is a stable and effective feature extraction algorithm, which is based on Weber's Law. It calculates the differential excitation information and direction information, and then integrates them to get the feature information of the image. However, WLD only considers the center pixel and its contrast with its surrounding pixels when calculating the differential excitation information. As a result, the illumination variation is relatively sensitive, and the selection of the neighbor area is rather small. This may make the whole information is divided into small pieces, thus, it is difficult to be recognized. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes Weber Symmetrical Local Graph Structure (WSLGS), which constructs the graph structure based on the $5{\times}5$ neighborhood. Then the information obtained is regarded as the differential excitation information. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method on the database of ORL, JAFFE and our own built database, high-definition infrared faces. The experimental results show that WSLGS provides higher recognition rate and shorter image processing time compared with traditional algorithms.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

The recent works of architecture and interior design take on too various aspects to be classified as a trend or tendency. Many subjects, seeking the superiority between form and function in space which was the issue of Modernism, got to face the works which transcend the limitation of architecture due to the development of a variety of media and technology these days. In result, we could see the works which are to be Included into the category of art rather than architecture. This study starts from the thought that the common aspects of these works are based on the strangeness to pursue uniqueness, peculiarities or novelty. 'The subject of this study, $'D\acute{e}paysement'$, creates a new relation, disconnected from customs, to an architecture which became familiar through defragment, fixation and abstraction by the habitual relation and makes it reborn as an architecture which gives us a fantasy and a pleasure, by converting into the shape and image which are different from its original shape when a stimulus is given to an architecture. This study starts from the artistic aspect which has a close correlation with the architecture. The subject, $'D\acute{e}paysement'$ could be historically considered in two aspects - $D\acute{e}paysement$ of Surrealism which developed in paintings and Defamiliarization of Russian Formalism in the area of literature. This study is carried in a category of $D\acute{e}paysement$, focusing on the visual aspect of the architecture. This study is composed as follows: In chapter 2, a theoretical research is performed according to the definition and meaning of the $D\acute{e}paysement$ expression techniques, its origination and evolution, and type classification by the features of expression techniques in the era of Surrealism when $D\acute{e}paysement$ developed most vigorously in the area of art. In chapter 3, the system which formalizes the expression method of the techniques is presented, focusing on the case analysis of the artistic works according to the types of $D\acute{e}paysement$. In chapter 4, the application of the expression techniques of $D\acute{e}paysement$ is discussed by conducting cases analysis of the modern interior design.

• 복식
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2007

This study shows that clothes are made just the same as the real thing in the virtual space through 3D digital technology. This study is significant to expand the area of fashion design in the virtual space. This study analyzes the practical use of the third dimension computer graphics in the aspect of fashion, and it is proposed the 3D fashion design simulation in the virtual space used on 3D studio max, poser, photoshop program according to fashion design process. The main design concept is "temporary bridge" from rainbow. "Temporary bridge" is a rainbow bridge which connects nature, man and technology, and also the past, present, and future. This study is supposed six fashion design in accordance with three sub-theme under main concept by changing rotor and texture used on 3D simulation. The conclusion are as follows : First fashion design process, which consists of design conceptualization, design definition, and computer design process, composed of body modeling, clothing modeling, texture mapping, rendering by lighting and camera establishing are compared. Second, fashion design process is applied to digital technology. Third, the method of body modeling is both that of direct modeling in 3D Studio Max and that of importing DXF file from poser. And the method of direct clothing modeling in 3D Studio Max are two methods, polygon modeling and nurbs modeling. Polygon modeling is more satisfied than nurbs modeling in the aspect of expression to clothing and round face. Forth, this study applies textures and colors transformed by photoshop on manufactured 3D Clothes. According to this result, fashion designers are able to confirm a customer or client in their design minds viewing 3D simulation by various textures. colors and angles. It is able to advance digital fashion show in the future.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2016년도 학술발표회
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• pp.204-204
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• 2016

Thailand had set the National Water Management Strategy which covered main six areas in the next 12 years, i.e., by priority: (1) water for household, (2) water for agricultural and industrial production, (3) water for flood and drought management, (4) water for quality issue, (5) water from forest conservation and soil erosion protection, (6) water resources management. However due to the climate change impact, there is a question for all strategies is whether to complete this mission under future climate change. If the impact affects our target, we have to clarify how to mitigate or to adapt with it. Vulnerability assessment was conducted under the framework of ADB's (with the parameters of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) and the assessments were classified into groups due to their different characteristic and the framework of the National Water Management Strategy, i.e., water supply (rural and urban), water for development (agriculture and others), water disasters (floods (flash, overflow), drought, water quality). The assessments identified the parameters concerned and weight factors used for each groups via expert group discussions and by using GIS mapping technology, the vulnerability maps were produced. The maps were verified with present water situation data (floods, drought, water quality). From the analysis result of this water resources management strategy, we found that 30% of all projects face the big impacts, 40% with low impact, and 30% for no impact. It is clear that water-related agencies have to carefully take care approximately 70% of future projects to meet water resources management strategy. It is recommended that additional issues should be addressed to mitigate the impact from climate risk on water resource management of the country, i.e., water resources management under new risk based on development scenarios, relationship with area-based problems, priority definition by viewpoints of risk, vulnerability (impact and occurrence probability in past and future), water management system in emergency case and water reserve system, use of information, knowledge and technology in management, network cooperation and exchange of experiences, knowledge, technique for sustainable development with mitigation and adaptation, education and communication systems in risk, new impact, and emergency-reserve system. These issues will be described and discussed.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.93-113
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• 2012

갈등에 대한 다양한 연구가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고, 갈등해결을 통한 관계학습의 관점에서 조직적(interorganizational)으로 접근한 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 갈등해결 매커니즘을 통해, 유통경로 구성원들이 어떻게 관계학습을 구축할 수 있는지, 그리고 이것들이 경로관계의 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 있다. 이와 같은 목적으로 국내 유통업체의 협력업체 영업담당자 490명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 갈등해결에 있어 협력행동은 관계학습의 세 가지 과정인 정보공유, 공동이해와 해석, 관계특유기억 모두를 강화한 반면, 회피행동은 정보공유만 약화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 공동이해와 해석, 관계특유기억은 유통경로의 성과인 효과성과 효율성을 강화시킨 반면, 정보공유는 성과에 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee's safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.