• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.379-387
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim was to compare and analyse the clinical effects between excess syndrome and deficiency syndrome in asthmatics through treatment with herbal dicoction, Gamichuongsangboha-tang. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 30 patients with asthma and were treated with Gamichuongsangbohatang for four weeks. All patients were divided into three groups as Excess Syndrome Group(ESG), Deficiency Syndrome Group(DSG) and Coexistence Syndrome Group(CSG). PHs were checked before and 4 weeks after treatments, and QLQAKAs were checked three times; before treatments, 2 and 4 weeks after treatments. The results of QLQAKA and PH were compared and analysed between ESG, DSG and CSG. Results: Treatment of Gamichuongsangboha-tang resulted in a significant increase of QLQAKA during the first two weeks in DSG and during the last two weeks in ESG. FEV1% and PEFR% significantly increased in both DSG and ESG. There were no significanctly changes of QLQAKA and PH in CSG. Conclusions: Observations suggest that asthma in DSG was more immediately and effectively managed through treatment with Gamichuongsangboha-tang than in ESG and CSG in ease of breading and pulmonary function.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.453-463
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• 2007

Backgrounds : Glutathione-s-transferase (GST) is a kind of phase II metabolism enzyme and plays an important role in the detoxification of various toxic chemicals. It was reported that the genetic polymorphism of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes may be responsible for asthma development and susceptibility to allergy. Traditional oriental medicine uses a unique diagnostic technique. differentiation-syndrome. to analyze signs and symptoms of patients synthetically. Through differentiation-syndrome. asthma patients can be divided into two groups: the deficiency syndrome group (DSG) and the excess syndrome group (ESG). Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible association of GST gene polymorphism with clinical phenotype by differentiation-syndrome of bronchial asthma patients. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ten participants were evaluated by pulmonary function test. Patients with 53 DSG and 31 ESG by differentiation-syndrome were assessed for genetic analysis. GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results : GSTM1 gene deletion was detected in 43.4% of individuals in the DSG and in 38.71 % in the ESG. The distribution of GSTM1 polymorphism between DSG and ESG was not significantly different [$x^2$=0.1767, p=0.6742; OR(95% CI)=1.2139(0.4915-2.9979)]. The proportion of GSTT1 null genotypes was 41.51% in the DGS and 45.16% in the ESG. The distribution of GSTT1 polymorphism between DSG and ESG was also not significantly different [$x^2$=0.1065, p=0.7442; OR(95% CI)=0.8618(0.3525-2.1065)]. In the combined analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, the frequency of both null type of GSTM1/GSTT1 genes was not significantly different from both positive type of GSTM1/GSTT1 genes[$x^2$=0.0768, p=0.7817; OR(95% CI)=1.2000(0.3303-4.3602)] Conclusions : These results indicate that polymorphism of the GST gene might not be associated with the symptomatic classification of DSG and ESG by differentiation-syndrome in Korean asthmatics.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2018

This study investigated Hua Tuo's Shang-han theory, which precedes the period of Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han theory, and considers the relationship between the two approaches. Researchers compared terminology and language of Hua Tuo's Shang-han theory as published in Theory in Qian Jin Yao Fang and Wai Tai Mi Yao, with Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han theory. In Hua Tuo's theory, Shang-han involves pathogenic invasion of the body surface, where the pathogen transforms to 6 different stages, Pi (皮), Fu (膚), Ji (肌), Xiong (胸), Fu (腹), Wei (胃). Among these, the stage sof Pi (皮), Fu (膚), Ji (肌) can be considered as exterior syndrome (表證). Those that invade the lower chest can be considered as lower chest disease, and those that violate the abdomen or stomach can be considered as Interior heat excess syndrome (裏熱實證). Stomach heat excess syndrome (胃中實熱證) is the most severe and is similar to septicaemia or bubonic plague. Hua Tuo's treatment used three methods which are 汗 (perspiration), 吐 (emesis), 下 (purgation). In the case of Phlegm syndrome (痰?證), HuoTuo's theory was similar to Zhang Zhong Jing's Shang-han exterior syndrome (傷寒表證) and therefore used Zhuling-powder (猪?散). In the case of deficiency hot flush Syndrome (虛煩證) in Shang-han disease, HuoTuo uses ZhuYe-decoction (竹葉湯), of which the drug contents is the same as Zhang Zhong Jing's ZhuYeShiGao-decoction (竹葉石膏湯), which was used for the same condition.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.366-377
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to compare intake of energy nutrients, physical characteristics, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to protein intake group. Methods: Subjects were 827 men aged 40-65 years. The results presented were based on data from the 2012-2013 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and analyzed using SPSS. The odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the protein intake group and intake pattern of protein-rich foods. Results: The mean of protein intake was $73.96{\pm}0.71g$. According to level of protein intake, four groups (deficient, normal, excess 1, excess 2) were created and their percentages were 8.3%, 39.6%, 37.1%, and 15.0% respectively. The mean of daily energy intake was $2,312.33{\pm}24.08kcal$. It was higher in excess group 2 than in the deficiency group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the intake of all energy nutrients increased significantly with protein intake group (p < 0.001). The main contribution to daily protein included mixed grains ($10.96{\pm}0.32g$), milled rice ($7.14{\pm}0.30g$), chicken ($3.50{\pm}0.21g$), and grilled pork belly ($3.04{\pm}0.16g$). With regard to physical characteristics, and blood pressure and blood test results, only body mass index increased significantly according to protein intake groups (p < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in subjects was 38.5%, and there was no significant correlation with protein intake group. The OR of metabolic syndrome increased with protein intake, and was higher 4.452 times in excess group 2 than in the normal group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the OR of metabolic syndrome according to the frequency of protein-rich food intake did not show a significant correlation. Conclusions: The results of this study can be used as significant supporting data to establish guidelines for protein intake in middle-aged men.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.349-362
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• 2009

Jangseoksun(張錫純), a noted doctor of China in the early 20th century, has influenced the establishment of Contemporary Chinese Medicine greatly. , which is an accumulation of Jang's lectures and publications, contains the essence of his medical spirit to fuse his theory and experience of Traditional Medicine and the newly imported Western Medicine knowledge of his time. is especially important, presenting the core of Jang's academic theory. In this book he gives full play of his unique experience of treating the Eum(陰, Yin) Deficiency Syndrome which is presented as excess in the upper and deficiency in the lower[上盛下虛]. He also shows the importance of merging theory and practice, the pliability to collaborate the Sanghan(傷寒, Damage from Cold) theory and Onbyeong(溫病, Epidemic Febrile Disease) theory and the study of the blended affect of external and internal pathogens.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-25
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• 2004

Behavioral characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders among children.child psyachiatry. Inattention, Hyperactivity that is done by hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction is major sypmton in ADHD, But etiology and pathological facor of ADHD is very much or unkown.. We brought to about a Study on the Oriental - medical pathologic Understanding about Inattention, Hyperactivity symptom in ADHD within Don yui bo gam Book are as follows. 1. Oriental medical pathologic concepts about Inattention, Hyperactivity are continuous with process of Yang Qi(陽氣), an unbalance of qi(氣) and shen ming(神明), excess of seven emotions(七情), pathology of Huo(火). 2. Immanent factors in inattention, Hyperactivity are improper diet, overtiredness and seven emotions, are continuous with pathological process of the heart, liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach, kidneys. 3. In oriental medicine, considered as a child's qi of shao yang, dynamic physiological feature, excess and want of yin and yang, organs and bowels, immanently imbalance in growth rather than a child's mental disorder 4. Inattention, looseness in ADHD-PI type are continuous with forgetfulness, improper overtiredness, shortage of qi, the interior heat syndrome due to yin deficiency within Don yui bo gam Book 5. Hyperactivity, impulsive actions in ADHD-C type are continuous with sudden palpitation, severe palpitation, delirium, fidgeting due to deficiency, fidgetiness, hyperactivity of huo due to yin deficiency, fever, febrile disease with accumulation of blood.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

This Chapter mentioned Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸) and Hemorrhagic disease(血證). Terror and Palpitation due to FrightAcctually Terror(驚) is different from Palpitation(悸). Terror(驚) is one of the seven emotions. But in this case, It refer to the Palpitation and the uneasiness of mind due to one's hearing a strange sound of seeing a strange. Tremulous Pulse can be appear. So Terror(驚) is caused by Exopathic Factors(外因) and belongs to Excess syndrome(實證). Palpitaion(悸) is the sensation of plamus, palpitation and unrest not because of being frightened. It is usurally caused by the deficiency of Ki(氣) and blood(血). So Deep, Thready and weak pulse can be appear. So Palpitaion(悸) is caused by Endopathic Factors and belongs to Deficiency Syndrome. In this Chapter, Terror and Palpitation due to Fright(驚悸) treat with the Kyeji-ke-jakyak-ka-chokchil-moryu-yongkol-kuyuk-tang(桂枝去芍藥加蜀漆牡蠣龍骨救逆湯) and Banha-mahwang-hwan(半夏麻黃丸). There are two type in Hemorrhagic disease(血證). One is bleeding(出血) and another is blood stasis(瘀血). The contents which relate with the Hemorrhagic disease(血證) are Hematemisis(吐血), Rhinorrhagia, Hemafecia(下血). In hemorrhage pathological mechanisms, there are two mechanisms. One is that Fire and Heat(火熱) pressure blood. Another is that cold and deficiency(虛寒) disable Ki(氣) from keeping blood flowing within vessels. Blood stasis(瘀血) can be called Extravasated Blood(惡血), Coagulated Blood, Blood retention(蓄血,積血), Dead Blood(死血) and Emaciation due to Blood disorder(乾血). It refer to a morbid state of unsmooth circulation and blood stagnancy often resulting from Ki(氣) stagnation, Ki(氣) deficiency and accumulation of pathogenic coldness. The symptom of Blood stasis are 'Fullness sensation in the chest, Lip Flaccidity, Cyonotic Tongue and Dryness of Mouth'. And the man who have Blood stasis, want to rinse his mouth with the water, but he can't drink the water because there isn't interior Heat of Excess Type. The symptom of Cyonotic Tongue(舌靑) had influence on diagnosing Blood stasis(瘀血) in offspring.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.857-866
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• 2002

The main current in the pathology of oriental medicine is composed of etiologic factor, pathogenesis and clinical manifestation. The access of a disease is consist of etiologic factor, location of the lesion, nature of the disease and patient's condition. The nature of disease and the property of a drug are inseparably related to each other. The nature of disease is composed of six exogenous factors, cold and heat, deficiendy and excess, Yinyang and pain. Cold nature is divided into cold symptom due to excess and asthenia cold, fever nature is divided into sthenic fever and asthenic fever. According to the location, cold and heat can be subdivided into heat in the upper and cold in the lower, cold in the upper and heat in the lower, exterior cold and interior heat, exterior heat and interior cold. Yin syndrome characterized by hypofunction of the viscera is generated from insufficiency of yang-qi, excess of yin-coldness, deficiency of both qi and the blood.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2019

Objective : Describe the phenomenon of "clear qi below, turbid qi above" as found in the Somun Eumyangeungsangdaelon (Major Essay on Yinyang Resonances and Appearances 素問 陰陽應象大論) and compare this pattern with water-grain dysentery and flatulence symptom patterns in the Sanghallon (Treatise on Cold Damage). Method : Study the annotation of the Hwangjenaegyeong (Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic 黃帝內經) and compare the results with the Sanghallon's water-grain dysentery and flatulence. Conclusions and Results : The causes of water-grain dysentery and flatulence are associated with the ascending and descending properties of Yin and Yang. Additionally, these symptoms can also be caused by pathogenic heat, turbid pathogenic factors, and interruption of the movement of clear and turbid qi. Aspects of water-grain dysentery resemble several patterns found in the Sanghallon. If caused by a weakness of yang qi, it resembles Sayeoktang (四逆湯) syndrome. Weakness of spleen qi resembles Ijungtang (理中湯) syndrome. Flatulence is similar to fullness in the chest syndrome, which in the Sanghallon is caused by an obstruction of cold qi. If there is excessive cold, water-grain dysentery is similar to the syndrome of Gyeolhyung (結胸). If the qi is not scattered, deficiency syndrome is similar to Gyejigejagyaktang (桂枝去芍藥湯) syndrome and excess syndrome is similar to Mahwangtang (麻黃湯) syndrome. When flatulence is caused by fever in chest, it is similar to Chijasitang (梔子?湯) syndrome. When caused by heat and phlegm build up in chest, it is similar to Sipjotang (十棗湯) syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.146-176
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• 1996

Through the study of successive literatures from the Han-dynasty(漢代) when ${\\ll}$Keumkweyeuliak(金궤要略)${\gg}$ was written to modern age, we inspected many types of Onkyuatgtang(溫經湯) and prescriptions including the term of 'Okywg(溫湯)' or 'Chokyung(調經), and look into their composition and symptoms respond to administration of this medicine, The results of this study were as follows; 1. The medicine which makes up Onkyuatgtang was 38kinds from the Han-dynasty to the Ching-dynasty(淸代), and up to the present it summed into 43kinds. 2. Onkywgtang which was composed of different kinds of medicine was 10types from the Hun-dynasty to the Chung-dynasty and added 11types in modern days. Therefore it sumed up into 21types. 3. No Onkyuatgtang is seen more common than that of the same composition as in ${\\ll}$Keumkweyeuliak${\gg}$ in successive literature. The next is the same constituents as in ${\\ll}$Buinyangbangdaejeun(婦人良方大全)${\gg}$ Others were rare. 4. Onkywgtang in ${\\ll}$Keumkweyeuliak${\gg}$ was used to treat cold syndrome of the penetration and conception vessles or uterus of deficiency type(衛任 胞宮의 虛寒) and that in Buinyangbangdaejeun was for cold syndrome of the penetration and conception vessels or uterus of excess type(衛任 胞宮의 虛寒). 5. Other names of Ohylmgtang in ${\\ll}$Keumkweyeuliak${\gg}$ were Daeonrkyungtang(大溫經湯), Chokyungsan(調經散), Chokyungtang(調經湯), Chunkeumchokyungtang(千金調經湯), Chunkeumchokyungsan(千金調經散) and Soonkyungtang(小溫經湯), And the prescription in the same constitution was also called Chokyungonkyungtang(仲景溫經湯), Keumkweonkyungtang(千궤溫經湯) and Sibbionkyunghwan(十二溫經丸). 6. Onkywgtang in ${\\ll}$Buinyangbongdaejeun${\gg}$ of Yangbangonkyungtang(良方溫經湯), Jimionkyungtang(指迷溫經湯), Kyunkwionkyungtang(穹歸溫經湯) and Jinssionkyungtang(陣氏溫經湯).