• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

T-bet is a critical transcription factor that regulates differentiation of Th1 cells from $CD4^+$ precursor cells. Since T-bet directly binds to the promoter of the IFN-${\gamma}$ gene and activates its transcription, T-bet deficiency impairs IFN-${\gamma}$ production in Th1 cells. Interestingly, T-bet-deficient Th cells also display substantially augmented the production of IL-2, a T cell growth factor. Exogenous expression of T-bet in T-bet deficient Th cells rescued the IFN-${\gamma}$ production and suppressed IL-2 expression. IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-2 reciprocally regulate Th cell proliferation following TCR stimulation. Therefore, we examined the effect of T-bet on Th cell proliferation and found that T-bet deficiency significantly enhanced Th cell proliferation under non-skewing, Th1-skewing, and Th2-skewing conditions. By using IFN-${\gamma}$-null mice to eliminate the anti-proliferative effect of IFN-${\gamma}$, T-bet deficiency still enhanced Th cell proliferation under both Th1- and Th2-skewing conditions. Since the anti-proliferative activity of T-bet may be influenced by IL-2 suppression in Th cells, we examined whether T-bet modulates IL-2-independent cell proliferation in a non-T cell population. We demonstrated that T-bet expression induced by ecdysone treatment in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells increased IFN-${\gamma}$ promoter activity in a dose dependent manner, and sustained T-bet expression considerably decreased cell proliferation in HEK cells. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-proliferative activity of T-bet remain to be elucidated, T-bet may directly suppress cell proliferation in an IFN-${\gamma}$- or an IL-2-independent manner.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

Objective : This study was to evaluate the clinical improvement of Panic attack and Anticipatory anxiety on Panic Disorder patients after Oriental medical treatment. Methods : We compared post-treatment with pre-treatment on Panic attack and Anticipatory anxiety with Thirty eight Panic Disorder patientsafter Oriental medical treatment - acupunture, herbal medicine, oriental psychotherapy. Results and Conclusions : 1. Foremost herbal medicines were Siwuanshentang(四物安神揚)(39.47%), Qingxinwendantang(情心溫膽揚)(13.16%). Types of demonstration weredeficiency of the heart blood(心血不足)(39.47%), deficiency of qi and blood in the heart and spleen(心脾兩虛)(28.95%), timidity die to insufficiency of qi and deficiency of blood of the heart(心脫虛法)(15.79%), stagnation of phlegm(痰獨阻滯)(13.16%), deficiency of liver-yin and kidney-yin(肝腎陰虛)(2.63%) in order. 2. The physical constitutions in Thirty eight Panic Disorder patients weretwenty nine of Taiyinren(76.3%),six of Shaoyinren(15.8%), three of Shaoyangren(7.9%) in order. 3. This oriental medical treatment was effective in Panic attack from $7.68{\pm}0.87$ to $2.68{\pm}1.613$ and in Anticipatory anxiety from $7.47{\pm}1.006$ to $2.47{\pm}1.841$ in comparison post-treatment with pre-treatment. 4. A percentage of subjective improvement was 72.6%. There were 18.4% in the same, 15.8% in slight improvement, 18.4% in medium improvement, 47.4% in remarkable improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 1988

Three experiments were conducted to determine whether cobalt (Co) or nickel (Ni) could prevent zinc (Zn) deficiency signs in pigs fed a high calcium (Ca) corn-soybean diet. The basal diet contained 1.3% Ca, .93% phytic acid and means of 34 to 48 ppm Zn. After weanling, pigs in experiment I were fed the basal diet for 9 weeks, and was found that 50 ppm Co or Ni for 5 weeks increased average daily weight gain (ADG) and reversed skin lesions toward normal. These effects were similar to those of 100 ppm supplemental Zn. The Zn content and alkaline phosphatase activity of serum from pigs supplemented with Co or Ni were higher at 2 weeks and 4 weeks (P<.05) than those of the basal group. Zn content of bone, liver and kidney, and alkaline phosphatase activity in bone were increase after 5 weeks of supplementation with Co or Ni. In experiments 2 and 3, addition of 54 ppm and 27 ppm of either Co or Ni increased (P<.05) ADG and decreased incidence of skin lesions except in one group supplemented with 27 ppm Ni. Supplemental Co or Ni increased Zn in serum and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and bone in both experiments. Over all experiments, supplemental Co or Ni decreased Zn deficiency signs in the following order of effectiveness: 54 ppm Co, 54 ppm Ni, 27 ppm Co and 27 ppm Ni. The alleviation of signs of Zn deficiency by Co or Ni may have been the result of increased availability of dietary Zn.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2022

Objectives : Background research on the history of Huangbo's taste being written as 'pungent' was undertaken, after which its clinical meaning was examined from the medical perspective that was behind the medicinal's taste designation. Furthermore, through various understandings on the 'pungent' taste within the process of clinical application, the meaning of 'pungent' in Korean medicinal research was re-evaluated. Methods : Description of Huangbo's taste as 'pungent' as written in medical texts were chronologically examined to determine its origin. The clinical meaning of the pungent taste of Huangbo was examined within the broad medical perspective of doctors who were behind these descriptions. Results & Conclusions : The pungent taste of Huangbo was first described by Zhang Yuansu, followed by doctors of the Yishui School such as Li Dongyuan, Wang Haogu, etc., during which such knowledge was established and contributed to recognition of Huangbo's effect as tonifying Kidney deficiency and treatment of fire within water, after reaching the Kidney. Li Dongyuan understood the meaning of Huangbo's pungent taste as eliminating Yin fire and restoring the upward direction, ultimately restoring the general 'Rising-Falling-Floating-Sinking' mechanism within the context of his inner damage treatment. On the other hand, Zhu Danxi interpreted the pungentness of Huangbo based on his understanding of the nature of fire and action towards it. It seems as Huangbo's effects were understood within a relatively narrow frame, application of its pungent taste became vague, which gave rise to criticism by later period doctors, ultimately leading to an ambiguous understanding of the pungent taste of Huangbo.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.162-179
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• 1998

In the literatual studies on the yupung(油風), the results were as follows. 1. Yupung(油風) was called 'Quijidu(鬼지頭)', 'Quichedu(鬼剃頭)', 'Ballak(髮落)' etc. It was a localized loss of hair in round or oval ares without any subjective symptom 2. The etiology and pathogenesis of Yupung were disorder of vital energy& blood circulation caused by deficiency of blood and wind-dryness syndrome, energy-stagnation and blood stasis, impairment of the liver & kidney. The treatments of Yupung were invigorating the liver & kidney, clearing away heat-evil and cooling blood, nourishing the liver & kidney, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis etc, 3. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Shineuingyangjindan(神應養眞丹) and the next are Tonggyuhwalhyultang(通竅活血湯) & Chilbomiyumdan(七寶美髥丹), 4. In the frequency of medicine, the most numerous medicine is Radix Angelicae Sinensis(當歸) and the next are Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparatae(熟地黃) & Rhizoma Ligusiici Chuanxiong(川芎). 5. In classification of drug action, medicines of clearing away wind-heat evil and invigorating yin used to be very busy. 6. In classification of four characters, the most parts are warm medicine. 7. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are sweet and bitter tastes. 8. In classification of toxicity, the most is non-toxic medicines. 9. In classification of the channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel. 10. In acupuncture theraphy, it was used 'GV20(百會)', 'G20(風池)', 'GV16(風府)', 'GV14(大椎)', 'LI4(合谷)' etc. in body acupuncture, was used 'S25(天樞)', 'GV14(大椎)', 'B13(肺兪)', 'LI11(曲池)' etc. in moxibustion.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2004

Excluding an operation remedy about an example of Traumatic Cervical Stenosis patient, by doing pattern identification such as blood stagnation in hospitalization for the early days and such as the stagnation of Oi for the middle days and such as Eum deficiency of liver and kidney for the last. We have done treatment by being based on method of therapy to promote blood flow to remove blood stasis and to promote the normal flow of Oi and to nourish the liver and the kidney. In result, we had remarkable conclusion and considered that we had to treat a patient like that appropriately by distinguishing & making a diagnosis correctly from now on. If we apply clinically by thinking of Oriental Medicine through more example of symptoms, we have considered that it will serve as a momentum that we can sympathize with the excellency of Oriental Medicine. In the future, we have considered that have to be necessary to make more researches and reports upon it.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the association of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Insomnia Questionaire(IQ), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Diagnos system of oriental medicine(DSOM) in the Insomnia Patients. Methods : For this study, we carried out PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM of 37 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from November 2008 to May 2009. And Using cross tabulation analysis, verified the association of PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM. Results : 1. The most Frequent Pathogenic Factor is blood-deficiency(血虛) in total patients. 2. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛), damp(濕), kdney(腎) in total patients. 3. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in total patients. 4. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of insufficiency of Yin(陰虛), and the score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of blood stasis(血瘀) and zp of liver(肝) in female patients. 5. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of heart(心), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of liver(肝) in male patients. 6. The duration from onset in the group of 22-59years are longer than the group of 60-80 years and the duration of using hypnotics have positive correlation with total sleep time in 22-59years group. 7. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in 22-59years group. 8. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in 60-80years group. 9. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of blood-deficiency(血虛), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with zp of coldness(寒) in 60-80years group. 10. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of dryness(燥) in below 6 Months Group. 11. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in over 6 Months Group. 12. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in over 6 Months Group. 13. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of dryness(燥) in BDI 2nd Grade Group. 14. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of kidney(腎) and the age has positive correlation with zp of heart(心) in BDI 3rd Grade Group. 15. The age has positive correlation with sc10 of damp(濕) in BDI 4th Grade Group. Conclusions : This study provides insights into the complicated associations of the pattern of insomnia with depression and Diagnos system of oriental medicine. And especially this study showed apparent correlation between insomnia and depression in 60-80years group and over 6 months group.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2021

Mitochondrial NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) produces NADPH, which is known to inhibit mitochondrial oxidative stress. Ureteral obstruction induces kidney inflammation and fibrosis via oxidative stress. Here, we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of IDH2 in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney inflammation using IDH2 gene deleted mice (IDH2-/-). Eight- to 10-week-old female IDH2-/- mice and wild type (IDH2+/+) littermates were subjected to UUO and kidneys were harvested 5 days after UUO. IDH2 was not detected in the kidneys of IDH2-/- mice, while UUO decreased IDH2 in IDH2+/+ mice. UUO increased the expressions of markers of oxidative stress in both IDH2+/+ and IDH2-/- mice, and these changes were greater in IDH2-/- mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Bone marrow-derived macrophages of IDH2-/- mice showed a more migrating phenotype with greater ruffle formation and Rac1 distribution than that of IDH2+/+ mice. Correspondently, UUO-induced infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was greater in IDH2-/- mice compared to IDH2+/+ mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that IDH2 plays a protective role against UUO-induced inflammation through inhibition of oxidative stress and macrophage infiltration.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate applications of 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam. Methods : 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex which have been used separately or concurrently in Oriental Medicine for a long time as a treatment for various disease in Dongeuibogam were studied through order of frequency, symptoms, dosages, and etc. Results : 1. 19(15.57%) prescriptions are recorded in fatigue chapter, 11(9.02%) in mental or emotional disorder as a result of repressed anger or stress chapter, 9(7.38%) in urine and cough chapters respectively and 8(6.56%) in eyes, ears and glycosuria chapters respectively, which are arranged in order of frequency. 2. Burning stress resulted from Yin deficiency treat herbs are ranked top, Yin deficiency treat herbs, dim eyes, Yin-yang deficiency treat herbs, kidney function deficiency treat herbs are ranked in order of frequency among 78 symptoms in prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 3. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is more used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 5 puns:4 puns ~ 2 nyangs:1 nyang. 1 jeon:5 puns is recorded 3(30.00%), 1 jeon:7 puns is 2 times(20.00%), the others are 1 (10.00%) used among 10 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 4. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is used same amount Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns each ~ 4 nyangs each, same amount each or unidentified dosages. Same amount each or unidentified dosages each is recorded 36 times(38.71%), 5 puns each is 15 times(16.85%), 1 nyang each is recorded 12 times(13.48%), 0.7 jeon each is recorded 7 times (7.87%) and 1 jeon each is recorded 6 times(6.74%) used among 89 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 5. The dosages of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma which is less used than Phellodendri Cortex are ranged from 3 puns:1 jeon ~ 4 nyangs:8 nyangs. 1 nyang:2 nyangs is recorded 4(17.39%), 0.5 jeon:1 jeon is 3(13.40%) each, the others are 1 time(4.35%) used among 23 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex. 6. The less using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of decoctions groups, The more using dosage of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex has a more percentage of the other groups except decoctions. The less using prescriptions have an effects of controlling yin and blood deficiency, enhancing Qi, etc, as a whole. The more using prescriptions as a form of compound powder have an effects in incurableness disease, chronic diseases, and etc. Conclusions : The 122 prescriptions including Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Phellodendri Cortex in Dongeuibogam are mainly composed of Gamree-hwan, Samool-tang, Naebo-hwan, Sagoonja-tang and Gobangpoong-tang, and etc.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2021

신장이식 환자에서 만성 빈혈은 치료 과정 중 발생하는 합병증으로 바이러스 감염, 적혈구형성호르몬결핍, 출혈, 면역억제제의 부작용 등과 관련이 있다. 신장이식 환자에서 파르보바이러스 B19에 의한 빈혈은 초감염 혹은 기존 감염의 재활성화로 발생할 수 있으며, 아직 이에 대한 치료법은 정립이 되어 있지 않다. 특히, 소아청소년 신장이식 환자에 대한 보고나 자료는 더욱 드물다. 저자들은 소아청소년 신장이식 환자에서 발생한 심각한 빈혈을 파르보바이러스 B19 PCR 검사법으로 진단하고, 정맥내글로불린으로 재발 없이 성공적으로 치료한 두 증례와 문헌 고찰을 보고하는 바이다.