• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2008

In an effort to develop high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) proxies for mid-latitude regions, two massive reef-building coral species, Alveopora and Favia, were collected from Jeju and Tsushima Islands, respectively. Their skeletons were subsequently analyzed for annual growth banding, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Hermatypic corals are thinly distributed in the waters of Jeju Island, where Alveopora japonica was the only dominant coral species. A higher diversity of hermatypic corals were observed in the waters of Tsushima Island, where Favia sp. was the most common coral species and even forming an about 6-m-high reef structure. Both Alveopora and Favia showed annual growth layers consisting of couplets of high- and low-density bands. Sr/Ca ratio of both species and Mg/Ca ratio of Alveopora also showed seasonal variation, likely reflecting SST variation. These results suggest the possibility that Alveopora and Favia species can be used as potential SST proxies. However, this study also highlights the potential growth disturbance of middle latitude corals due to high rainfall during monsoon and low SST during winter. This possibility should be taken into account in the investigation of Sr/Ca(Mg/Ca)-SST relationships.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2016

Two cold-water coral taxa, Octocorallia in the class Anthozoa and Stylasteridae in the class Hydrozoa, were identified. Deep-water samples were collected in fishing nets at depths ranging between 20 and 200 m along the coasts of the East Sea in Korea from 1976 to 1993. The two species found in this study represent new records for Korea: Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) in the class Anthozoa, and Stylaster profundiporus Broch, 1936 in the class Hydrozoa. Two families, Paragorgiidae and Stylasteridae, are also newly recorded in Korea. Furthermore, the species name of another cold-water gorgonian species, Primnoa pacifica (Kinoshita, 1907) in the family Primnoidae, is amended in this report. The two newly recorded cold-water coral species from Korea are described in detail based on their morphological characteristics. Paragorgia arborea is characterized by its growth form, medulla and cortex, zooid dimorphism, canal system, and spicule composition. Stylaster profundiporus is distinguished by its external skeletal characteristics, such as the coordination of dactylopores and gastropores, presence or absence of gastrostyles and dactylostyles, cyclosystem orientation, ampullar position, gastropore tube shape, and coenosteal texture.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2011

This paper analyze a description of Korean fleet using bottom gears on the high seas. The need for this study arises from international moves to address the effects of fishing with bottom gears on vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) and in view of a communication on the Korean policy in respect of this. There is growing concern over the impact of fishing using gears that come into contact with the seabed (bottom gears), in particular in deep-sea areas where vulnerable marine ecosystems including seamounts, hydrothermal vents and cold water corals are located. Korea is an important stakeholder in high seas bottom gear fisheries. For the past eight years, the issue of protecting biodiversity in the deep-sea in areas beyond national jurisdiction has been extensively debated by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) and in other international fora. As a result of the report and a review by the UNGA of the effectiveness of the measures called for in resolution 59/25, the UN General Assembly called for a series of specific actions to be taken by States and RFMOs in UNGA resolutions 61/105 in 2006 and 64/72 in 2009 adopted by consensus. Korea attaches great importance to the protection of marine ecosystems and has made active efforts to implement the UNGA Resolution 61/105 in areas where there is a regional fisheries management organization, a process of establishing such organization or no such multilateral regime. For the effective implementation of the UNGA Resolution 61/105 and 64/72, Korea views that the development of support tools and, most importantly, the development of a global database on VMEs are urgently needed because many countries lack the ability to identify VMEs and to assess whether individual bottom fishing activities would have significant adverse impacts on their own.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.214-227
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• 1998

중앙태평양 마이크로네시아 군도 해저산 일원에서 발견되는 탄산염암의 구성성분과 속성작용을 이해하기 위하여 조직적, 지화학적 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역은 Caroline 해령, Chuuk 섬, Hunter 뱅크, Yap 해구 일대이며, 대부분의 시료들은 수심 약 1,000~3,000 m 깊이에서 준설된 것들이다. 연구지역에서 발견되는 탄산염암은 부유성 유공충으로 이루어진 원양성 퇴적물과 산호, 석회조류, 연체동물 및 극피류 등으로 이루어진 천해퇴적물의 두 종류가 있다. 이들 퇴적물은 Hunter 뱅크와 Yap A 지역을 제외하고는 모두 조직적, 화학적 속성변질을 받았다. 천해기원 교질물들이 발견되므로, 천해에서 퇴적된 후 현재의 깊이로 침강되었거나 재동된 것으로 사료된다. 조직 특성은 천수에 의한 속성변질산물과 매우 유사한 양상을 보여주나, 변질된 시료의 탄소동위원소는 해수기원 탄소의 특성을 보여주며, 산소동위원소는 변질되지 않은 시료와 같거나 부화된 값을 보여준다. 따라서 이 지역의 탄산염암은 심해의 해수에 의해 변질되었음을 알 수 있다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2011

The actiniarian sea anemone, Entacmaea quadricolor, and the scleractinian coral, Alveopora japonica, host symbiotic dinoflagellates belonging to the genus Symbiodinium (Freudenthal). We studied the host-symbiont specificity of these two anthozoan hosts in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Symbionts within the two hosts were identified using partial large subunit (LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and complete internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 rDNA regions. The host, E. quadricolor, was identified using the partial LSU rDNA molecular marker. Genetic analysis showed that E. quadricolor only harbors dinoflagellates belonging to subclade C1/3 of the genus Symbiodinium. Moreover, no genetic variation was detected among the symbionts of E. quadricolor within the study region (Korea and Japan), even though the two distant sites were separated by more than 1000 km, at collection depths of 1 m in shallow and 13-16 m in deep water. Whilst scleractinian corals host multiple Symbiodinium clades in tropical waters, A. japonica, sampled over a wide geographical range (800 km) within the study region, only hosts Symbiodinium sp. clade F3. The high specificity of endosymbionts in E. quadricolor and A. japonica within the northwestern Pacific Ocean could be accounted for because symbiotic dinoflagellates within the host anemones appear to be acquired maternally, and the Kuroshio Current might affect the marine biota of the northwestern Pacific. However, the consistency of the symbiotic relationships between these two anthozoan hosts and their endosymbionts could change after climate change, so this symbiotic specificity should be monitored.