• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2022

For producing cement and concrete, the construction field has been encouraged by the usage of industrial soil waste (or) secondary materials since it decreases the utilization of natural resources. Simultaneously, for ensuring the quality, the analyses of the strength along with durability properties of that sort of cement and concrete are required. The prediction of strength along with other properties of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) by optimization and machine learning algorithms are focused by already available research methods. However, an error and accuracy issue are possessed. Therefore, the Enhanced Deep Neural Network (EDNN) based strength along with durability prediction of HPC was utilized by this research method. Initially, the data is gathered in the proposed work. Then, the data's pre-processing is done by the elimination of missing data along with normalization. Next, from the pre-processed data, the features are extracted. Hence, the data input to the EDNN algorithm which predicts the strength along with durability properties of the specific mixing input designs. Using the Switched Multi-Objective Jellyfish Optimization (SMOJO) algorithm, the weight value is initialized in the EDNN. The Gaussian radial function is utilized as the activation function. The proposed EDNN's performance is examined with the already available algorithms in the experimental analysis. Based on the RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R² metrics, the performance of the proposed EDNN is compared to the existing DNN, CNN, ANN, and SVM methods. Further, according to the metrices, the proposed EDNN performs better. Moreover, the effectiveness of proposed EDNN is examined based on the accuracy, precision, recall, and F-Measure metrics. With the already-existing algorithms i.e., JO, GWO, PSO, and GA, the fitness for the proposed SMOJO algorithm is also examined. The proposed SMOJO algorithm achieves a higher fitness value than the already available algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2012

For the last decade the amount of waste has rapidly been increased in South Korea and many waste landfills have been built according to government guidelines specifying required systems such as landfill liner, leachate collecting facilities, final cover system, etc. This effort has led the recently constructed landfills to be under well managed sanitary condition. In a meanwhile closed waste-landfill sites in the past before the adoption of the government guidelines exits under unsanitary condition. In these cases untreated leachate flew out to the surroundings due to the absence of liner and leachate collecting facilities and caused groundwater and soils to be contaminated. Waste generated odor and gas also brought civil complaints. Because environmental influences bring serious problems nearby sites, it is required to have unsanitary waste-landfills to be appropriately treated and managed. A study to evaluate environmental influence and contamination level of surroundings nearby and on the unsanitary landfills is necessary before the establishment of "Management guide of closed landfill site." This paper presents an environmental evaluation for the closed site, Doil-dong landfill, according to "Closed landfill management regulation" by Ministry of Environment. "D" landfill, located in Pyeongtaek city, has possobility to contaminate surrounding surfacewater and groundwater by leakage of leachate. The in-situ stabilization carried out to build the DMW(deep soil mixing cutoff wall) wall and drainage systems.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-64
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• 2018

In this study, the evaluation to probability of failure for risk assessment of port structures on DCM reinforced soils, where stability and risk assessment are increasing in importance, was performed. As a random variables affecting the risk of DCM improved ground, the design strength, superposition (overlap) of construction, strength of the natural ground, internal friction angle and unit weight of the modified ground were selected and applied to the risk assessment. In addition, the failure probability for the entire system under ordinary conditions and under earthquake conditions were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the highest coefficient of variation in the random variable for the risk assessment of the DCM improved ground is the design strength, but this does not have a great influence on the safety factor, ie, the risk of the system. The main risk factor for the failure probability of the system for the DCM reinforced soils was evaluated as horizontal sliding in case of external stability and compression failure in case of internal stability both at ordinary condition and earthquake condition. In addition, the failure probability for ordinary horizontal sliding is higher than that for earthquake failure, and the failure probability for ordinary compression failure is lower than that for earthquake failure. The ordinary failure probability of the entire system is similar to the failure probability on earthquake condition, but in this case, the risk of earthquake is somewhat higher.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.5-19
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• 2014

In this study, the structural analysis is performed on the method of shallow block and deep cement mixing pile, and then their characteristics and associated behaviors were analyzed. In the case of continuous beam analysis, the predicted settlement was very small, and shear force and bending stress are somewhat overestimated. The frame method is similar to numerical analysis in the internal force shallow block and long pile, but because the settlement of pile is underestimated, the additional calculation using the reaction of the long pile is necessary. For soil arching method and piled raft foundation method, the excessive axial force of long pile was predicted because the load sharing of pile is very large compared to the other methods. In the behavior of the shallow block and deep pile method, the settlement of shallow block and contact pressure are much in the center than the edge. In the estimating method considering the interaction between improved material and ground, the load sharing of the soil-cement pile ranges from 20% to 45%, and the stress ratio is 2.0~5.0 less than piled DCM. The maximum member forces at the boundary conditions of pile head are similar, but in fixed head the axial force and vertical displacement are different in accordance with pile arrangement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09c
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• pp.135-139
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• 2010

A construction technique to install the soil-bentonite (SB) cut-off wall for in-situ geoenvironmental containment by employing the trench cutting and re-mixing deep wall method is first presented in this paper. The laboratory test results on the hydraulic barrier performance of SB in relation to the chemical compatibility are then discussed. Hydraulic conductivity tests using flexible-wall permeameters as well as swell tests were conducted for SB specimens exposed to various types and concentrations of chemicals (calcium chloride, heavy fuel oil, ethanol, and/or seawater) in the permeant and/or in the pore water of original soil. For the SB specimens in which the pore water of original soil did not contain such chemicals and thus the sufficient bentonite hydration occurred, k values were not significantly increased even when permeated with the relatively aggressive chemical solutions such as 1.0 mol/L $CaCl_2$ or 50%-concentration ethanol solution. In contrast, the SB specimens containing $CaCl_2$ in the pore water had the higher k values. The excellent linear correlation between log k and swelling pressure implies that the swelling pressure can be a good indicator for the hydraulic barrier performance of the SB.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.472-484
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• 2019

This paper proposes a time-domain sound event detection algorithm using DNN (Deep Neural Network). In this system, time domain sound waveform data which is not converted into the frequency domain is used as input to the DNN. The overall structure uses CRNN structure, and GLU, ResNet, and Squeeze-and-excitation blocks are applied. And proposed structure uses structure that considers features extracted from several layers together. In addition, under the assumption that it is practically difficult to obtain training data with strong labels, this study conducted training using a small number of weakly labeled training data and a large number of unlabeled training data. To efficiently use a small number of training data, the training data applied data augmentation methods such as time stretching, pitch change, DRC (dynamic range compression), and block mixing. Unlabeled data was supplemented with insufficient training data by attaching a pseudo-label. In the case of using the neural network and the data augmentation method proposed in this paper, the sound event detection performance is improved by about 6 %(based on the f-score), compared with the case where the neural network of the CRNN structure is used by training in the conventional method.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.113-123
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• 2018

First of all, the multi-story Housing applying resident's participation in europe was classified by the menu selection method, the two-step supply method and the cooperative method. And then I analyzed flexible unit plan of cases for deriving the planning methode and the characteristics of flexibility. First, I analyzed the area and form of the unit plan, structure and Installation, fixed and variable elements to derive the planning method. The area of units are distributed from a minimum of $35m^2$ to a maximum of $150m^2$, and many of the unit planes have a narrow front and a deep depth. The structure is a long-span wall-structure or a skeleton structure, and is designed without any columns and bearing walls in the interior space for flexibility in spatial composition. The vertical shafts are located in the center of the unit in a box-form or in the corner at the unit dividing wall for free placement of interior wall. Fixed elements are framework and facility systems. Most of the future residents in the two-steps supply method and the cooperative method were able to freely design the internal space within the zoning concept proposed by the architect and change the location of the facade element within module system proposed by the architect. Second, the characteristics of the flexibility applied to the unit plan were divided in integrated flexibility, functional flexibility, construction flexibility, and supply flexibility. The integrated flexibility enables residents to give the variable space combination based on the complex structure of the inner space for providing various living experiences. Regarding functional flexibility, the three-dimensional spatial structure with neutral space has multi-functionality according to the needs of residents and easily accepts mixing of hybrid programs such as work and residence. Constructive flexibility allows residents to create identity by freely planning interior space and changing the size or location of facade components in a determined system of architects. Finally, various types of size and space composition are proposed and realized in the whole building applying menu selection method, so that flexibility in the offer can accommodate and integrate various types of living.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2008

With rapid growing of the Northeastern Asia, the interest for the connection of Infrastructure that was behind of interesting until now is getting larger. In a line of same connection, UN-ESCAP are forwarding transcontinental railway project, asian highway project et al.. And this study aimed at analysis on the effect that extended to a space by Korea-Japan undersea tunnel project. In aspect of a national land balanced-development to solve various problems such as overcrowding in capital region, unbalanced state by regions, weak exchange between South and North Korea, and weakness of national land basis to prepare for unification et al., this study consulted the economic potentiality model as a analysis method to examine an effect. In this analysis, I used 24 scenarios including all cases by combination of 3 scenarios for Korea-Japan undersea tunnel, 4 scenarios for transportation modes in the section of undersea tunnel, and 2 scenarios for adjacency infrastructure. Transportation modes in the section of undersea tunnel are railway, car-train, mixing way of railway and car-train, and mixing way of road and railway. Adjacency infrastructure applied railway and road. In all scenarios, Korea showed higher growth potentiality than Japan. Also, proposal plan C route relatively showed better in national land balanced-development than other proposal plans. The growth potentiality relatively appeared higher by buildup of a connection together with non-capital regions from the construction of Korea-Japan undersea tunnel. In aspect of Northeastern Asia, it resulted in a increasing of trade and chance of network formation in the region of Asia through infrastructure connection. But, in considering passenger and various factors that extended to the economic growth, this analysis have some limitation. Therefore, I hope that deep studies will continuously perform with various factors.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

The compressive strength of the soil stabilizer in the deep mixing method (DMM) depends on kinds of soil, particle size distribution, and water content. Because of this, Laboratory test has to perform to estimate the unit weight of binder to confirm the satisfaction of the design strength. In this study, uniaxial compression strength was measured by mixing the soil stabilizers developed in the previous study with clay in Busan, Yeosu, and Incheon area. And the strength enhancement effect was evaluated comparing with blast furnace slag cement (BFSC). Also, the relationship between the unit content of binder and uniaxial compressive strength was investigated in order to easily calculate the unit weight of binder required to ensure the stability of the ground at the field. As the results of the analysis, the relationship between the unit content of binder and the uniaxial compressive strength are ${\gamma}_B=(108.93+0.0284q_u){\pm}35$ when W/B is 70%, and ${\gamma}_B=(122.93+0.0270q_u){\pm}40$ when W/B is 80%.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.71-78
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• 2011

Cement treating technique, such as deep mixing method, has been used widely to stabilize the dredged clayey soil for many years. Despite of its effectiveness in treating soil by cement, several efforts have also been made to try to reduce the side effect of the cement that used to stabilize the dredged clay. However, authors considered that more detailed study on the physical and mechanical properties of lean-mixed soil-cement has been required to establish the design procedure to apply the practical problems. Therefore, in this study, the curing time and mixing ratio was used as key parameters to estimate the physical and mechanical properties including long-term behavior. The unconfined strength of lean-mixed soil-cement increase continuously during curing period, 270 days, while increasing rate becomes low in ordinary cement-treated dredged clay. We also concluded that cement-treated dredging clay shows apparent quasi overconsolidation behavior even in low cement proportion. By this study, fundamental approach was carried out for effective reuse of very soft dredged clayey soil both in mechanical and environmental aspect. It can be also expected that this study can propose a basic design data to use the lean-mixed soil cement.