• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 1985

Correlations between horizontal distributions of bamboos (Bambusaceae) in the Korean peninsula and environmental factors were studied using taxanomic and geographical literatures, both old and current. The vertical distributions of bamboos on Mt. Chiri were also studied, and environmental factors limiting horizontal and vertical distributions were compared. There are 18 species of bamboos (belonging to 5 genera) distributed in the Korean peninsula. The distributional range of each genus were distinct, although overlapped. Northern limit of bamboos of any species was marked by the line connecting Paikryung Island (124。40'E, 38。00'N), Mt. Changsoo, Mt. Myungji, Mt. Myohyung and Myungchum (129。40'E, 41。10'N). The optimum range of bamboos was concluded to be restricted to several southern province, with annual precipitation over 1,200 mm. The limiting factors on the distribution were inferred to be low temperature and duration of it. Mean daily minimum temperature of January and the number of days with daily mean temperatures below zero during January showed close associations with the distributional range, and an environmental factors favouring the distributrion of bamboos appeared to be vicinity of warm sea current, deep and extended snow acculation and southern exposure. The vertical distribution of bamboos on Mt. Chiri was limited by low temperature, unfavorable topographic and edaphic conditions caused by steep slope. Difference in the vertical limits between SE and NW slopes are caused by the differences in temperature and precipitation between the slopes. Bamboos were more abundant in valleys than on the ridge, apparently because the deeper snow in the valleys protected the plants from low temperature, heavy winter winds and desiccation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Cicuta virosa is an endangered species in Korea, which is a southern marginal area. To conserve and restore habitats of this plant, we investigated water and soil environmental characteristics and vegetation at four habitats during the growing season. The C. virosa habitats differed in community structure, water and substrate properties, and water regime. Although the total distribution ranges of the water and soil environments for C. virosa were wide and overlapped with the optimal environmental range of distribution of accompanying species, the optimal water level range for C. virosa was defined as $7{\pm}3.5$ cm. Water level was adjusted by substrate structure such as a mound of P. japonica and a floating mat comprised of accompanying species. A floating mat was an aid to maintain an optimal and stable water level in deep or fluctuating water and to prevent strong competition with prolific macrophytes. The GS sampling site, which had floating mats, could be a good model for C. virosa conservation in a warm temperate region, whereas the PC sampling sites, which experienced a water shortage in spring, provided a clue about the decline in C. virosa population size.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2012

The overall goal of this study was to characterize and quantify ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in four different full-scale sequence batch reactor (SBR) wastewater treatment plants. Also, this study focused on assessing the occurrence of the alternative ammonia-oxidizing microbes such as anammox (anaerobic ammonia oxidation) bacteria (AMX) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in these systems. Based on total AOB numbers and the estimated cell density in the mixed liquor samples, AOB constituted 0.3 - 1.8% of the total bacterial population in the four WWTPs. Based on clone library, Nitrosomonas ureae-like AOB were dominant in plant A and B, while plant C and D had Nitrosomonas nitrosa-like AOB as major AOB group. The four different AMX primer sets targeting AMX 16S rRNA gene produced PCR amplicons distantly related to Chlamydia and Planctomycetales group bacteria. However, it was not clear these groups of bacteria perform anammox reaction in the SBR plants. Also, molecular evidence of AOA was found in one of the SBR plants, with a sequence located in the deep branch of the sediment creanarchaeota group.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-502
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• 1995

Nodulation phenology in relation to plant phenology, vertical distribution of nodul and root biomass in different soil, correlation between nodule and root size, and nitrogen mineralization around the rhizosphere by ion-exchange resin bag buried at 10 cm of soil were studied in Elaeagnus nmbellata (autumn-olive) stand, Korea. Nodulation appeared from spring to autumn and nodule phenology was coincided with the timing of root activity rather than that of foliation. Nodul size increased in proportion to the root size. In the sand dune with the lower root biomass, nodule appeared up to 80 cm deep in soil and the nodule biomass was 1,070 kg/ha, which was the highest value reported for several actinorhizal plants in the temperate regions. It is suggested that nodule distribution and production are mainly influenced by soil aeration among environmental factors. The higher ammonification or lower nitrification rate contrasted markedly with the earlier studies that reported lower ammonification or higher nitrification in actinorhizal plant soil. Nitrogen mineralization rate around the rhizosphere with root and nodule was characterized by higher nitrification rate than that in the control soil without root and nodule.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 1994

Differences in physicochemical characteristics of sediment and changes in density, height and dry matter of shoots along different water depths were investigated in the stands of Zizania latifolza populations of the littoral zone of Lake Paltangho, Korea. Any significant differences in sediment chemistry were not found along water depth, although sand content decreased slightly with increasing depth. Shoot density of Zizania latqolia decreased with increasing water depth. In shallower water, many of the short shoots died in the early growth stages. The morphology of shoots was taller and heavier in deeper water. The distributions of shoot heights became negatively skewed and leptokurtic as plants grew, and these changes occurred in the earlier growth stages in deeper water. The standing crop of shoots increased with increasing water depth. These results suggest that Zizania lattfolia has a growth strategy for adjustment to deep water through decreasing shoot density and increasing height.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2 s.90
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• pp.152-161
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• 2000

Simocephalus mixtus Sars was redescribed and illustrated from Korea. It had been frequently confused with S. vetulus (O.F. M$\"{u}$ller) and S. vetuloides Sars in the Far East. Redescription was based on the materials collected from various freshwater habitats at 97 localities in South Korea during the period from May 1981 to June 1999. Previous records of Simocephalus species from Korea were examined. S. mixtus is well distinguishable from other related species by having short and wide dorso-posterior carapace angle prominence, distally protruding dorsal margin of carapace, deep depression of the ventral head margin near the rostrum, elongate ocellus, and postabdominal claw lacking the basal pecten of denticles.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.17-21
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• 2019

This article addresses issues related to environmental pollution.Particular attention is paid to the prevention of environmental pollution by livestock waste, which prompted the creation of closed ecological and biotechnical systems as environmentally closed production structures that can fit into the equilibrium system of the environment with minimal damage to it. An energy-saving and environmental protection technology for the processing and disposal of livestock waste with a maximum coefficient of energy transfer to livestock products has been developed, which consists in a combined treatment of waste in three stages, by transferring waste from one technological module to another, which makes it possible to completely utilize mineral substances in waste. The focus is on vermicultivation, microalgae cultivation and anaerobic fermentation in a bioenergy plant. To increase the productivity of growing microalgae, the authors proposed a deep type cultivator with submerged movable light sources.The technological parameters of the bioenergy installation for waste treatment are determined. An energy-saving and environmental-friendly technology has been developed for processing The main contribution of the study is the development of energy-saving and environmental technology for the processing and disposal of livestock waste with a maximum coefficient of energy transfer to livestock products.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.495-501
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• 2009

The study was conducted in 2007~2008 in order to understand preference of physical microhabitat on the $1^{st}$-class endangered species, Gobiobotia naktongensis inhabiting the Gam Stream, tributary of Nakdong River. The total number of fish caught from the study sites was 3,671 representing 7 families 24 species. There were 8 Korean endemic species including Odontobutis platycephala, and 2 introduced species (Carassius cuvieri, Micropterus salmoides) were found. According to investigation and analysis of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis caught in the Gam Stream, a total of 57 individuals were found at shallow depth (0.14~0.46 m) and run (0.239~0.585m $sec^{-1}$). As a result of sieve analysis, stream beds consisted of about 1% gravel and 99% sand (83.4% coarse sand, 15.6% find sand). Therefore, Gobiobotia naktongensis seemed to inhabit shallow-run with coarse sand bed than deep-pool microhabitat. The findings indicate preference of physical microhabitat on Gobiobotia naktongensis, and it is important to enhance efficiency of fish conservation and ecological restoration with understanding species-specific characteristics in microhabitat including protected species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.251-258
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• 2011

Ciliates are considered one of the most diverse protozoa and play significant roles in ecology. For successful taxonomic study of these microscopic eukaryotes, a staining procedure is necessary, due mainly to intrinsic difficulties in recognizing characteristics from living cells. Although molecular taxonomy has been used to resolve the ambiguities associated with traditional morphology-based taxonomy, extraction of genomic DNA from stained ciliate cells is not available yet. In the present study, we describe a method to extract genomic DNA from a single protargol-impregnated euplotid cell. By using $HgCl_2$ as a fixative and modulating the exposure time of bleach solution in the protargol impregnation, high-quality genomic DNA can successfully be extracted from a stained single cell with minimal loss of morphological integrity. This technique will contribute to the effectiveness of combined approaches of molecular and morphological taxonomy from single ciliate cells.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of soil improver on the population density and composition of microarthropods in the upland which cultivated pepper consecutively. We have treated soil improver sucf as zeolite, compost, ca, sio2 , and integrated improvement i. e. treated zeolite, compost, ca, and deep cultivate ; 20 cm. We sampled soil to collect soil microarthropods from a week to 15 months after treament at each site by soil-corer and extracted 48 hours in berlese- tullgren funnel. We have classified 16 families, 35 species diversity index of soil microarthropods are highe in the integrated improver and compost site than those found in any other sites. We suggest that soil improvement effrcts of integrated improved site are influenced by compost.