• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1148-1155
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• 2020

Fire must be extinguished as quickly as possible because they cause a lot of economic loss and take away precious human lives. Especially, the detection of smoke, which tends to be found first in fire, is of great importance. Smoke detection based on image has many difficulties in algorithm research due to the irregular shape of smoke. In this study, we introduce a new real-time smoke detection algorithm that reduces the detection of false positives generated by irregular smoke shape based on faster r-cnn of factory-installed surveillance cameras. First, we compute the global frame similarity and mean squared error (MSE) to detect the movement of smoke from the input surveillance camera. Second, we use deep learning algorithm (Faster r-cnn) to extract deferred candidate regions. Third, the extracted candidate areas for acting are finally determined using space and temporal features as smoke area. In this study, we proposed a new algorithm using the space and temporal features of global and local frames, which are well-proposed object information, to reduce false positives based on deep learning techniques. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance by reducing false positives of about 99.0% while maintaining smoke detection performance.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.8-13
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• 2023

In this study, it was studied whether a new measurement factor "frictional vibration" that occurs due to the material flow of the die and sheet metal in the flange area during deep drawing process, could be measured using an vibration sensor. The blank holder force acting on the flange area during drawing processing acts as a friction force in the opposite direction into which the sheet material flows and causes friction vibration. As the blank holder force increases, the friction force increases, and as the blank holder force decreases, the friction force also decreases. Because of this, friction vibration also increases and decreases in proportion to the size of the blank holder force. According to this theory, whether frictional vibration occurs was measured using a flange simulator and a vibration sensor. The initial pressure was created using a torque wrench, and it was confirmed that the amplitude increased by about 4 times when torque 6 Nm was increased. When the forming velocity was rapidly changed to 300 mm/min, the amplitude increased approximately 4 times. It was confirmed that the amplitude of frictional vibration according to the measurement location was greater the further away from the specimen. It was verified that a new measurement factor "friction vibration" in the flange area can be measured and used for online monitoring.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.21
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• pp.23-27
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• 2020

The enhanced optical output power of AlGaN/GaN deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) were demonstrated by using the breakdown-induced conductive channels (BICCs). The BICCs could be made by electrical reverse biasing between two adjacent contact pads formed on top p-type layers with a certain distance, causing an electrical breakdown of pn junction and hence a generation of conductive channels. Accordingly, the reflective Ni/Ag/Pt electrodes could be formed simultaneously on the top p-type layer and the other p-type layer with the BICCs, acting as the p- and n-contacts, respectively. The deep UV LEDs fabricated with the BICCs produced the enhanced optical output power by 15 % as compared to the reference LEDs, which were fabricated with the conventional Ti/Al/Ti/Au layers formed on mesa-etched n-type layer. This could be due to the reduced light absorption at the n-contact pads, indicating that the use of BICCs will be very suitable for obtaining better output performance of deep UV emitters.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.355-365
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• 2009

This paper proposes an elasto-plastic finite difference method which is useful for the stability evaluation of concrete lining installed in a deep circular tunnel. Mohr-Coulomb criterion is assumed for the condition of yielding in both the rock mass and concrete lining. In order to take into account the installation delay of lining after the excavation, the outer boundary pressure acting on the lining was calculated with the consideration of the convergence occurred before the lining installation. The distributions of stress and displacement in the rock mass and lining were calculated based on the method proposed Lee & Pietruszczak (2008). The applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by conducting the elasto-plastic analysis of concrete lining supporting an imaginary compressed air storage tunnel. The analysis result revealed that the exact determination of the boundary pressures acting on the concrete lining is of importance in the stability analysis of concrete lining.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.314-326
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of emotional labor of clinical nurses in medical institutes. Methods: A total of 26 nurses from 11 hospitals participated in the study. Six focus groups were organized and 4 to 5 nurses took part in each group. The compositional factors of groups included clinical experience, age, gender, work place and position. Data collection was conducted through focus group interview and it was proceeded by the time of data saturation. In this qualitative study, content analysis was conducted. Results: Five themes, 14 categories, and 33 subcategories, were emerged. The themes were 'Restrain themselves', 'Communion to the patients', 'Working environment provoking emotional tension', 'Respond to emotional events', 'Recovery of emotional energy'. Conclusion: Results indicated that surface acting of emotional labor such as, repression of personal desire and presenting the emotions that the organization ask nurse to express was related to psychosomatic symptoms, depression, burnout, poor job performance, increased mistakes, and low job satisfaction which eventually leads to nurses' turnover. In order to reduce negative influence of emotional labor, it is necessary to build positive organizational culture, to provide support from managers and co-workers. It is also important to improve work environment in order to do more deep acting since sharing emotions with patients can reduce the negative influence of emotional labor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.71-78
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• 1985

This research is designed to systemize the protection theory as well as to supplement the missing theory by organizing various studies on the protective functions of celothes by domestic and foreign scholers of clothing. Human environments is classified two standpoints : (1) Physical environments, and (2) man built psychological environments including socio-physical environments, socio-biological environments, behavioral environments, socio-psychological environments and institution environments. Clothes acting as a physical protection might be of (1) extreme air temperature: Parka; (2) high relative humidity: raincoat; (3) air movement: windbreaker; (4) radiation: space suit; (5) atmospheric pressure: deep sea diver suit; (6) mechanical agent: bullet proof vest; (7) physical agent: (8) chemical agent: (9) biological agent: surgeon's gown, cap, and mask. Also dresses act to support the body comfort, health and the well-being; corset for bad back patient, wrist band for people with weak wrist, bottom half of pressure suit for people with low blood pressure. Clothes acting as a psychological protection might be of (1) influence of magic and of spirits: (2) moral danger; (3) the general unfriendliness of the world as a whole; a reassurance against the lack of love. Clothes should provide the maximum of satisfaction in accordance with the full recognition of reality. The reality should aim at the formulation of general laws concerning the most pleasing forms, colors, and styles to suit. The complex physiological anatomical and psychological aspects of individual personalities.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effects of social support between emotional labor and job satisfaction in clinical nurses. Methods: Participants were 311 clinical nurses and data were collected from July 11th to 18th, 2014. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 21.0. Results: The job satisfaction indicated a significant relationship to surface-acting (r=-.191, p=.001), deep-acting (r=.179, p=.002) and social support (r=.342, p<.001) respectively. Emotional labor significantly affected job satisfaction (F=11.592, p<.001), and explained 5.4% of the variance in job satisfaction. The social support acted as a moderator on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction at significant level (F=11.416, p<.001). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is important to develop social support promoting and stress relief program for clinical nurses to improve job satisfaction.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.463-471
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• 2023

Objectives: Medical personnel are professionals subject to stressful situations and psychological distress. This case series reports the results of a mindfulness meditation program combined with digital health for medical personnel at a Korean medicine (KM) hospital. Methods: An online mindfulness program was implemented in 2022 to improve the mental health of nursing staff in a KM clinic. The online mindfulness program, which was supplemented based on previous results and limitations, was applied to KM doctors and nurses working at a KM hospital in this case series. An important difference from the existing case series was the introduction of a smartphone application that promoted the daily routine of meditation. A total of 7 medical personnel, including 4 doctors and 3 nurses, participated in the program. Results: After participating in the program, an increase in deep acting and a decrease in surface acting, which are aspects of emotional labor, were consistent with the results of a previous case series. However, the patterns of change in burnout and hwa-byung symptoms differed depending on the occupation of the participants. Participants' satisfaction with this program and the smartphone application and willingness to recommend it to colleagues were high. Conclusions: As this study was only a small case series, the author plans to continue to expand and improve the program based on the findings.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.84-91
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of emotional labor on emotional exhaustion among school dietitians according to the level of their self-efficacy. A survey was administered on 300 school dietitians during September 2012 and a total of 277 usable questionnaires were received. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 18.0 package program. As a result of principal factor analysis for validity test, 26 variables were classified into one factor for self-efficacy, three factors for emotional labor and one factor for emotional exhaustion with a total variance percentage of 67.371%. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's alpha, which yielded reliability coefficients of 0.922 (self-efficacy), 0.916 (emotional display), 0.806 (surface acting), 0.808 (deep acting) and 0.850 (emotional exhaustion). Subjects were segmented into 2 groups of 'high self-efficacy' (n = 159) and 'low self-efficacy' (n = 118) according to the cluster analysis for self-efficacy variables. The 'high self-efficacy' group exhibited higher education(p < 0.01) and served less lunch meals than other groups (p < 0.05). According to multiple regression analysis, the emotional display proved to be significantly and positively related to emotional exhaustion (${\beta}$=0.319, p<0.001) in high self-efficacy group. However both emotional display (${\beta}$=0.233, p<0.05) and surface acting (${\beta}$=0.262, p<0.01) were positively related to emotional exhaustion in the low self-efficacy group. These results suggest that school dietitians should be more aware of their self-efficacy to relieve the effects of the emotional labor on emotional exhaustion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.422-445
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• 2016

Almost all research on emotional labor has focused on how services workers use emotional labor. However, this study examined that leaders' emotional labor influence follower's outcomes. Especially, this study tested how the leader emotional labor influence followers' work engagement and mediating role of PsyCap between leader emotional labor and followers' work engagement. In addition, this study investigated the quality of LMX as moderator the relationship between leader emotional labor and followers' work engagement. The SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 was used in this study. The results collected from 469 employees in domestic large Telecom and their related companies revealed that leader emotional labor positively influence followers' work engagement and PsyCap. Especially, leader deep acting and surface acting positively influence followers' work engagement, but not display of genuine emotion, and leader deep acting only positively influence followers' PsyCap. Furthermore, followers' PsyCap partially mediated the relationship between leader emotional labor and followers' work engagement. Finally, the quality of LMX as moderator in link between leader emotional labor and followers' work engagement showed when followers in high-quality LMX. Implication and suggestion for future study are discussed.