• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2002

To determine the anti-stress effect of KCG(加味天麻鉤藤飮) extract on sprague-dawley rats. we conducted a research about the change of weight, activity, reactivity, c-fos protein, cytotoxicity against PC12 cell line and heal shock protein. 1) KCG extract siginificantly inhibited the decrease of body weight induced by stress, compared with the control group. 2) KCG extract had no siginificant effect in the activity and reactivity of rats between the control and the experimental groups. 3) KCG extract siginificantly restrained c-fos protein manifestation, compared with the control group. 4) KCG extract siginificantly restrained heat shock protein, compared with the control group. These results suggested that KCG might be usefully anti-stress effect.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.487-495
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• 2004

In order to compare the induced time of osteoporosis between ovariectomized and neurectomized models in ddY mice. Experimental groups were divided into Sham, ovariectomized (OVX group) and neurectomized (NX group) group. The changes of body weight, tibia weight and histomorphometry of epiphyseal regions of tibia that were generally used as criteria index in osteoporosis, were evaluated at 2 and 4 weeks after operations with other generally used index-changes of serum osteocalcin. Also, calcium and phosphorus levels in the ash tibia were demonstrated with their ratio (Ca/P ratio). From the result of this study, evidences which reflect osteoporotic states of animals such as decrease of absolute and relative tibia weight, histomorphometrical index of epiphyseal region of tibia including trabecular bone volume %, and calcium and phosphorous contents in tibia, were generally detected from 4 weeks after ovariectomy and 2 weeks after neurectomy with increase of serum osteocalcin levels. In conclusion, it is considered that more rapid and favorable osteoporosis was induced in neurectomized model compared to that of ovariectomized model.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2003

The present investigation was undertaken to study whether tumor-associated macrophages of Daltons lymphoma (DL), a spontaneous transplantable T cell lymphoma can be activated to tumoricidal state by alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (ALTC). In vivo administration of ALTC (200 mg/kg body weight) in DL-bearing mice resulted in an enhanced RNI production and an augmented cytotoxic response of tumor-associated macrophages. Earlier we had reported that DL-bearing mice show a regression of thymus and an enlargement of spleen. In vivo administration of ALTC to DL-bearing hosts resulted in a decrease in the weight of spleen and counts of splenocytes along with an increase in the weight of thymus as compared to control DL-bearing mice. In vivo administration of ALTC in DL-bearing mice also resulted in an increase in the proliferation of splenocytes/thymocytes and BMC. The results of this study indicate that the ALTC upon in vivo administration in DL-bearing shows immuno-modulatory effects and thus may have clinical significance.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2000

In the present study, to determine whether the ascorbate protect against radiation damage and the possible relationship among the radioprotective effects and antioxidant actions, the effects of ascorbate(240 mg/kg, i.p) pretreatment of mice on the survival ratio, splenic weight, major antioxidant enzymes(SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) activities, glutathione contents and lipid peroxidation in the liver were examined for 2 weeks after whole-body ${\gamma}-irradiation$(6.5 Gy). The 30-day survival ratio Increased from 10% to 47% for mice treated with ascorbate. The ascorbate decreased the extent of loss in splenic weight and stimulated recovery of splenic weight in irradiated mice(p<0.01). On the day of 14 after ${\gamma-irradiation}$, the ascorbate pretreatment produced a slight increase of antioxidant enzymes activities and significantly increased reduced glutathione(GSH) contents(P<0.05) in the liver compared with non-treated group. Pretreatment with the ascorbate significantly decreased GSSG/total GSH ratio(p<0.05) without the change of GSSG in the liver and inhibited the radiation-induced increase in the hepatic malondialdehyde levels(p<0.05). In these results, we found that its radioprotective effect by protecting antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione contents from radiation induced a decrease, and thereby suppressing lipid peroxidation which is induced by free radicals.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the change in the obesity index in girls receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), based on treatment duration, and to aid in nutritional counseling by investigating dietary habits and lifestyle. Methods: Anthropometric examinations were conducted on 62 girls treated with GnRHa from January 2010 through July 2014. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires on patient dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: The group taking GnRHa for over 1 year had a higher rate of obesity increase than the group taking GnRHa for less than 1 year, but they had common habits related to obesity, which should be corrected. In addition, 69.2% of the normal weight group taking GnRHa for over 1 year gained weight, and needed more intensive programs, which include physical exercise and nutritional education. Although girls with precocious puberty showed a decrease in the intake of high-calorie foods with nutritional intervention regardless of treatment duration, they still had problems that needed improvement, such as shorter meals and lack of exercise. Conclusion: Girls with precocious puberty and their parents should emphasize maintenance of proper body weight, especially when treatment for over 1 year is anticipated. Consistent education in nutrition, ways to increase intensity and duration of physical activity, and the need to slow down mealtimes are important in managing obesity; doctors need to perform regular checkups and provide nutritional counseling.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.244-253
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• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effect of chloroform and methanol extract of whole plant of Ichnocarpus frutescens (CEIF and MEIF) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Administration of CEIF and MEIF orally at the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight resulted in significant (P<0.01) reduction in blood glucose levels. The body weights were significantly (P<0.001) reduced in STZ-induced diabetic rats when compared to normal rats while the extracts significantly (P<0.01) prevented the decrease in body weight in the CEIF and MEIF treated rats. The study was further undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic potential of CEIF and MEIF in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The increased levels of lipid peroxidation in the liver tissues of diabetic rats were significantly reverted back to normal levels and a significant increase in activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and the level of reduced glutathione in the liver of diabetic rats after the treatment with CEIF and MEIF was noticed. These results clearly indicate that CEIF and MEIF exhibit significant antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and in vivo antioxidant activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats and the results were found to be in a dose dependent manner.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.93-106
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• 1998

This study was designed to find out the effects on the lipid metabolism of two herbs used in folk treatment in Korea The two herbs were A: Equisetum arvense L. (Seddugi), B: Eunymus alatus Siebold (Hwasalnamoo). The experiment was performed with the male rats of Sprague-Dawley which fed on high calorie and animal fat supplemented diets from which 30% of the total calories can from lard. Experimental groups were divided into standard (ST) and two other(A, B) groups for the each herb. Each of the two experimental groups consisted of three subgroups (I, II, III) according to the three different doses of the folk remedy used, which were five times and ten times the dose commonly used in a folk remedy. During the experimental period, total food intake and body weight gains were measured, and FER, CER, PER were calculated at the same times. Serum levels of triglyceride, total lipid, ttal cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total lipid as well as cholesterol contents of the liver were measured at the time of sacrifice. Epididymal fat pads were weighted and an indes was calculated. The results of the effects on the lipid metabolism were as follows : 1.Total food intake and body weight gains increased in group A & B. 2. The serum levels of the total lipid and triglyceride decreased in AIII, BI and BIII.3. The serum level of cholesterol decreased in group B, while level of HDL-Cholesterol were increased in all groups and most effectively in group B. 4. The contents of total liver lipid increased in groups A&B. cholesterol decreased in groups A&B. In conclusion, effects on the lipid metabolism associated with the kinds of herbs a diet were the increase of body weighta and the decrease of total lipid and cholesterol levels in serum and liver.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical chemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Crude saponin was prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum with Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography after extraction of 80% ethanol at 75℃. The crude saponin was confirmed by thin layer chrmatography. When compared with ginseng saponins, the crude saponin had both a few number of saponins and a broad distribution. Forty male rats (200±20 g) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD-treated (TT) group received TCDD (40 ㎍/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally; Platycodon grandiflorum saponin (PG5 and PG10) groups received crude saponin 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (p.o), respectively, for 2 weeks before 1 week of TCDD-exposure. Increase of body weight was retarded greatly by TCDD-exposure. Body weight of animals in TT group was significantly decrease after 2 days of TCDD-exposure. However, body weights of animals in PG groups increased through the experimental perimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Increases in contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) and activities of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and LDH by toxic action of TCDD were significantly attenuated by crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that crude saponin prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum might be a member of useful protective agents against TCDD, which is one of the environmental hormones.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.334-341
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• 2022

A decrease in the paraspinal muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and functional cross-sectional area (FCSA) are associated with low back pain and disc herniation in humans. This study examined whether chronicity or lateralization of disc herniation affects the CSA and FCSA of the paraspinal muscles. The CSA and FCSA of the paraspinal muscles between the 12th and 13th thoracic vertebrae were measured in 31 dogs with intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH). The muscle CSA and FCSA were evaluated by dividing the values of the body weight, spinal disc CSA, and spinal canal CSA to offset the differences in body type between subjects. In the chronic IVDH group, the ratio of the paraspinal muscle CSA divided by the body weight was significantly lower, and fat infiltration in the paraspinal muscle was significantly higher than in the acute group. The lateralization of the disc herniation was significantly related to the changes in the paraspinal muscle CSA. In the right-sided disc herniation group, right epaxial muscle CSA was significantly reduced compared to the left-sided disc herniation group. The change in the paraspinal muscle might be a helpful indicator to localize less obvious disc pathologies and target the search for the pathology responsible for disc-related symptoms in dogs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 2018

Currently, injuries to customers due to health functional foods are annually increasing. To evaluate the antigenicity of Korean red ginseng mixture (KRGM), we tested for systemic anaphylactic shock and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Based on a comparison of measured body weights, there were no changes in body weight for the KRGM treatment group compared with the control group. In the ovalbumin treated group, however, there was a statistically significant decrease in body weight. For the active systemic anaphylaxis test, after the induction, there were no symptoms that suggested anaphylactic shock in the control and KRGM treatment group. In the ovalbumin treated group, there were symptoms that suggested severe anaphylaxis, and those symptoms included restlessness, piloerection, tremor, rubbing or licking the nose, sneezing, coughing, hyperpnea, dyspnea, staggering gait, jumping, gasping and writhing, convulsion, side position and Cheyne-stokes respiration. All animals died within thirty minutes in the ovalbumin treated group. For the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs sensitized to KRGM, each anti-serum was diluted in a stepwise manner. This was followed by an intravenous injection of a mixture of KRGM and Evans blue. The results of the test showed that all the responses were negative in the control and the low-dose and high-dose administration groups. However, in the ovalbumin treated group, all the responses were positive. Based on the above results, there were no anaphylactic responses for up to 12 times the amount of human intake of KRGM in Hartley Guinea-pigs. The results suggest that KRGM is safe as measured by the systemic and local antigenicity in guinea pigs.