The studies were conducted to investigate the anti-diabetic activities on the hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin in rats, Anti-fatigue, Decrease of body weight activities in mouse and anti-gastric ulcer activities in stress-induced rats by Mixed Extracts of Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex in Korea. 1. The blood glucose levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 2. The serum total cholesterol levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses (100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 3. The serum triglyceride levels of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 4. The swimming time levels in mouse were dose-dependently extended by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 5. The body weight levels in mouse were dose-dependently decreased by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex. 6. Stress-induced gastric ulcer were dose-dependently repaired by administrations of various doses(100, 200, 400, significantly 200+100mg/kg) of Mixed Extracts from Acantopanacis senticosi Radicis Cortex and Eucommiae Cortex.
The present study was carried out to investigate the skin irritation potential of oregano oil in rabbits. A volume of 0.5 ml of test article was applied to intact and abraded skins, respectively, for 24 h in 6 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits. Parameters measured during 72 h observation period were mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, and local irritation. Treatment-related toxic symptoms, as evidenced by anorexia and decreased locomotor activity, were observed in all rabbits tested. Two rabbits out of the 6 total died on day 2 after the application of test article due to treatment-related toxicity. The mean body weight of test animals decreased progressively during the 72 h observation period. All animals showed very slight edema at 24 h and then recovered at 72 h. These animals also showed very slight to severe erythema and/or slight eschar formation at both 24 h and 72 h. The eschar formation induced by oregano oil was not recovered at the end of additional 11-day recovery period. Based on these results, it was concluded that a single dermal application of the undiluted oregano oil caused an increased incidence of clinical signs and death and a decrease in the body weight and showed a primary irritation index score of 2.79 indicating moderate irritation.
Kita, K;Shibata, T.;Nagao, K.;Hwangbo, J.;Okumura, J.
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
/
제15권3호
/
pp.406-409
/
2002
The effect of refeeding with various single essential amino acids on the recovery of plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration in fasted young chickens was examined. Young chickens (29 days of age) were divided into 15 experimental groups. Chickens in one group were fed on the commercial diet ad libitum for 4 days. The remaining 56 chickens in 14 experimental groups were fasted. After 2 days of fasting, 52 chicks in 13 fasted groups were refed with one of the following experimental diets for 2 days. Eleven experimental diets were protein-free diets supplemented with one of 11 essential amino acids (Arg, Gly, His, Ileu, Leu, Met, Phe, Lys, Thr, Trp, Val). The remaining 2 experimental diets were a protein-free diet containing 11 essential amino acids and a protein-free diet not supplemented with amino acids. Birds in the remaining fasted group continued to be fasted for 2 days. Fasting for 2 days markedly reduced plasma IGF-I concentration. When fasted chickens were refed the protein-free diet containing either Gly alone or all essential amino acids, plasma IGF-I concentration was recovered to the level similar to that of fed chickens. Protein-free diet alone, however, failed to restore the reduced IGF-I concentration in plasma. Body weight loss modulated by feeding with protein-free diets supplemented with various single essential amino acids was associated with changes in plasma IGF-I concentrations. We concluded that body weight loss by feeding with a protein-free diet was lower than that of fasted chickens and that body weight loss associated with the decrease in plasma IGF-I concentration was modulated by feeding with protein-free diets containing various single essential amino acids.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chloroform(CHC1$_3$) fraction of Alisma canaliculatum All. Braun et Bouche(Ac) with selenium(Se) on the plasma glucose and lipid levels in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. The normal and diabetic rats were separated into four groups: the STZ-control group, the Ac group, the Ac-Se group and the Se group. Diabetes was induced in the male rats by an injection of STZ into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg. The CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac(250 mg/kg) was administered orally for 14 days. The supplementation was achieved with the AIN-93 recommended diet by adding 2 mg/kg diet of selenium as Na$_2$SeO$_3$. which was prepared freshly everyday. The body weight, hematocrit(Hct), glucose, insulin, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride(TG) and free fatty acids(FFA) concentrations in plasma were measured. The aminotransferase activities were also analyzed. The changes of body weight in the experimental groups were not significantly different from that of the STZ-control group, but diabetes hyperphagia accompanied changes with body weight loss in Ac-Se group. The levels of Plasma cholesterol were not significantly different among the experimental groups. The concentrations of FFA in the Ac-Se group increased significantly compared with the STZ-control group. The effect of Se alone significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase activity and alanine aminotransferase activity. The results showed that the treatment of CHCl$_3$fraction of Ac in combination with Se has no synergistic effect. There was a tendency for the plasma glucose levels to decrease when Se was administered into diabetic rats. Supplementation of Se in diabetic rats did not elicit a significant increase in plasma insulin levels and exhibited hypotriglyceridemic effect.
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between the body fat percent (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) of Koreans and the differences with Caucasians. Complete data were collected from 3297 subjects (2441females and 856 males) between the ages of 18 and 79. Data were collected between September 2001 and November 2001 in Seoul and Pusan. For the statistical analysis, only the data on subjects between the ages of 18 and 65(3200) were used Body weight and height were measured BMI (kg/$m^2$) was computed From BMI, BF (%) was calculated using age- and sex-specific prediction formulas. BF% was assessed using an INBODY 2.0 body fat analyser. Data analysis showed that the females were significantly younger than the males, were smaller, lighter and had a lower body mass index. Body fat percent of the females was higher than that of the males. 1he differences between actual measured BF% and BF% as predicted from prediction equations from the literature, based on BMI, age and sex, were correlated with level of body fat and age. There is a significant age-related decrease in body fat in Koreans for any given BMI and sex, which is remarkably different compared to age-related increases in body fat in the European reference group. For the same age and BF%, Korean females have a slightly lower BMI than their European counterparts. Korean males have, for the same age and BF%, a higher BMI than their European counterparts. The differences between females and males were not significant. It was concluded that, assuming that the data on body fat percent was correct, that the relationship between BF% and BMI is quite different in Koreans than in European Caucasians. Thus, for younger Koreans cut-off values for obesity should be slightly lower than those for Caucasians whereas for older Koreans the cut-off points for obesity should be higher than those for Caucasians.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential adverse effects of 2-BP on pregnant dams and embryo-fetal development after maternal exposure during the gestational days (GD) 6 through 19 in Sprague-Dawley rats. The test chemical was administered subcutaneously to pregnant rats at dose levels of 0, 375, 750 and 1250 mg/kg/day. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weights and food consumption were examined. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on GD 20 and their fetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. At above 750 mg/kg, toxic effects including signs of toxicity, suppressed body weight, decreased gravid uterine weight and reduced food intake were observed in pregnant dams. An increase in the fetal deaths, a decrease in the litter size, a reduction in the fetal body weight and an increase in the incidence of fetal morphological alterations were also found. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-fetal development at a dose level of 375 mg/kg. These results suggest that a 14-day subcutaneous dose of 2-BP is embryolethal and teratogenic at above 750 mg/kg/day in pregnant rats. In the present experimental condition, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of 2-BP is considered to be 375 mg/kg/day for dams and embryo-fetuses, respectively.
Objectives : This study was designed to test the effect of a warm environment and Bujaijung-tang on immune and lipid metabolism in rats. Methods : The extract from Bujaijung-tang was made by the pharmacy department of Kyung-Hee oriental medical hospital. The animals were divided into four groups, by room or warm environment and Bujaijung-tang administration. Each group had 8 Sprague-Dawley Rats. We measured body temperature twice a week, body weight three times a week. After 3 weeks of experiment, serum lipid level, WBC, differential count, lymphocyte proliferation and immune cytokine concentration were measured. Results : 1. warm environment induced weight loss in rats. 2. warm environment induced a decrease of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol gain. 3. warm environment and Bujaijung-tang induced an increase of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ concentration. Conclusions : The warm environment had a hyperlipidemia modulating effect. The warm environment and Bujaijung-tang had an immune modulating effect.
Mushtaq, Mirza Muhammad Haroon;Parvin, Rana;Kim, Jihyuk
Journal of Animal Science and Technology
/
제56권1호
/
pp.4.1-4.7
/
2014
The effect of sodium and sodium salts on carcass and body organ characteristics of broilers under a four phase feeding program were investigated. A basal diet (0.08% dNa with NaCl) was formulated and one of two sources of dNa ($NaHCO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$) were supplemented to obtain four different percentages of dNa (0.17, 0.26, 0.35, and 0.44%) for each treatment. There was a linear decrease in dressing percentage (DP) with source ${\times}$ level interaction ($p{\leq}0.001$), while there was a linear increase in breast yield and thigh yield with increasing dNa supplementation ($p{\leq}0.001$). Chicks fed 0.35% $NaHCO_3$ and 0.44% dNa $Na_2SO_4$ supplemental salts had lower abdominal fat ($p{\leq}0.04$). Chicks that received increasing levels of dNa (from 0.17 to 0.44%) showed increasing gizzard weight ($p{\leq}0.02$) and decreasing spleen weight ($p{\leq}0.02$). When both salts were supplemented at 0.26% dNa, the chicks showed their lowest bursa weight ($p{\leq}0.001$). Consequently, chicks at higher dNa showed an increase in breast and thigh meat yield, and increasing capacity of their digestive organ. The higher levels of dNa should be tested with other cations and anions to fully understand acid base homoeostasis.
Lim, Wonchung;Hwang, Moon-Hyon;Kang, Chounghun;Kim, So Yeon;Cho, Hyeseong
운동영양학회지
/
제25권4호
/
pp.54-58
/
2021
[Purpose] Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) ablation causes obesity, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) induces the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. This study examined whether voluntary wheel running (VWR) alters SCD-1 and DBC1 protein levels in the liver of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. [Methods] Twenty-five Ob/Ob mice were divided into two groups (ob/ob-Sed and ob/ob-Ex). The expression of DBC1 and SCD1 in the mouse liver was determined using western blotting. [Results] After 10 weeks, VWR significantly reduced body weight without affecting the fatty acid synthase and CD36 protein levels. The average daily running distance was 4.0±1.0 km/day. This improvement was associated with changes in the hepatic SCD1 and DBC1 levels. Hepatic SCD-1 protein levels increased significantly, and DBC1 protein levels decreased in ob/ob-Sed animals. On the other hand, VWR inhibited the obesity-induced increase in SCD1 expression and impaired the obesity-induced decrease in DBC1 expression in the liver of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. [Conclusion] This is the first study showing that VWR has strong effects on hepatic SCD1 and DBC1 in ob/ob mice, and provides key insights into the effects of exercise on obesity.
Objectives: This study was designed to provide the information regarding chemicals classification and health hazard by evaluating the toxicological effect through repeated inhalation exposure of methyl acrylate(MA) in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rat for 13 weeks. Methods: According to the notification with Ministry of Labor(No. 2009-68) and OECD Test Guideline 413, the rats were exposed to MA at concentration of 0, 56, 168, 280 ppm via whole body inhalation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 13 weeks. All animals were observed for mortality, morbidity and the change of body weight and food consumption were determined during the exposure period. Necropsy finding, organ weight, hematology, clinical biochemistry and histopathological examination following exposure were also performed. Results: There were no death and abnormal clinical signs relate to exposure MA. However, At 160 ppm and 280 ppm exposure groups, body weight and food consumption showed statistically significant decrease and histopathological changes in lung, trachea, nasal cavity, larynx were observed. Conclusions: MA was mainly affected respiratory tract. It is consequently provided to be classified as category 2(0.2 mg/L/6h < category 2 ${\leq}$ 1.0 mg/L/6h) for specific target organ toxicity following repeated exposure according to Standard for Classification and Labeling of Chemical Substance and Material Safety Data Sheet. The NOAEL(no observable adverse effect level) of MA was also determined to be lower than 56 ppm.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.