• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.371-375
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• 2008

This study investigated the effects of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on lamb birth weight. 45 Mongolian ewes, synchronized for oestrus and then mated, were divided into four groups and offered 0.86 MJME/kgw-0.75d-1 (control group; CG : ad libitum access to feed), $0.44MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 3; R3), $0.33MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 2; R2) and $0.20MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group 1; R1) respectively during late pregnancy (90-150 days). During restriction, maternal net body weight loss, insulin and NEFA concentrations and lamb birth weight were measured. The results indicated that loss of maternal body weight in R3, R2 and R1 was 4.42, 7.23, 11.13 kg respectively, which was significantly (p<0.01) higher than that in CG (0.93 kg). Insulin concentrations of the ewes in R1, R2 and R3 were lower and were significantly different (p<0.05) between restricted groups and CG at 124 d of pregnancy. NEFA concentrations in all groups tended to decrease from 90d of gestation to parturition and in R1 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than in CG at 124 d of gestation. Lamb birth weight in R1 was significantly lower than in R2, R3 and CG (p<0.05). In conclusion, with decreasing supply of maternal nutrition, the retardation of fetal growth became worse. When the plane of nutrition was below $0.33MJME/kgw^{-0.75}d^{-1}$, significant effects of maternal undernutrition on lamb birth weight were observed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a body alignment correction program on asymmetrically developed squash players. Method : 30 experienced squash players who showed asymmetric body development, after evaluation of moire topography contour line shape, were involved in the experiment. All of them were right-handed and had more than five years of experience playing squash. Variables of body composition, moire topography and EMG were statistically compared between pre- and post- application of the 12-week body alignment correction program. The program consisted of 10-minute, left-handed forehand and backhand drive movements and 36 minutes performing 12 different yoga postures. Results : First, the body alignment correction program showed significant effects on the total weight, body fat percentage, and body mass index of the participants. Second, a decrease of right side inclined angles and an increase of left side inclined angles might result in a higher left-right symmetry rate and a better left-right balance; however the data was not statistically significant. Third, the EMG left-right deviation of erector spinae and latissimus decreased and the erector spinae muscle was thought to be more essential for vertebral movement and left-right asymmetry correction. Conclusion : A body alignment correction program, including yoga and opposite side exercises, could reduce left-right asymmetry.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.05
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• pp.39-42
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• 1997

Biostabilities of the iron oxide MRI contrast agent were evaluated using the cytotoxicity test and the animal test. Six experimental groups (35, 17, 5, 3.4, 1.7, 0.9 mg of iron oxide/10ml) and a control group were prepared for the cytotoxicity test. The cell count of higher concentration than 5 mg/10m1 become decrease significantly after 4-days incubation. Iron oxide was injected into the right vein of the two fully grown rabbits with the concentration of 0.5 or 0.9mg/kg of body weight respectively. Blood samples were collected and analyzed in turn after 30min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 30, 60, 90days injection. The body temperature and weight of rabbits were measured simultaneously. The result of blood and serum analyses and the body temperature shows that there was no significant variation with respect to the sampling term and the dosage within this experimental conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.212-232
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• 1994

I selected the theory of blood stasis and wetness-phlegm among the major 4 causes of Joong Poong(C.V.A.)(wind. fire. deficiency of vital energy and wetness-phlegm) and recent etiology of blood stasis. An experimental studies were done to investigate the effects of Danggieum (removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation) and Ijintang(dissipating wetness-phlegm) on thrombosis and elevated blood viscosity. The results were as follows; 1. The number of platelets were significantly increased in only Danggieum group. 2. Related to the amount of fibrinogen. only Danggieum group revealed some increase. but both groups revealed no significance. 3. Related to the prothrombin time. Danggieum and Ijintang groups had significant decrease. but Danggieum group revealed more significance. 4. Related to the degree of concentration of FDP, only Danggieum group had significant decrease. 5. Whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity in lower shear rates. both groups of Danggieum and Ijintang had significant decrease. 6. Related to the amount of RBC. both groups of Danggieum and Ijintang had significant decrease. 7. Related to the change of hematocrit. only Danggieum group, and the change of hemoglobin. only Ijintang group had significant decrease. 8. Related to the change of body temperature. only Ijintang group had significant raise. 9. Related to the changes of WBC. glucose, albumin, total protein and body weight. Danggieum and Ijintang groups had each increase or decrease. but no significance. According to the above results, Danggieum had more significant effect than Ijintang on the thrombosis. and Ijintang had more significant effect than Danggieum on the elevated blood viscosity. And it is considered that it might be more effective in treating Joong-Poong(C.V.A) to take medicines regarding patient's constitution and symptoms as well as the causes of Joong-Poong(C.V.A)

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the improvement effect of obesity by treatment with a developed low frequency electrical stimulation system. Thirty female in their 20's as an experiment subjects divided 3 groups(control, commercialized device, developed device) were treated with electrical stimulation on abdomen for 4 weeks. The body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), muscle strength, muscle(transverse abdominis(TrA), internal obliquus abdominis(IO), external obliquus abdominis(EO)), fat thickness and abdominal surface temperature were measured by electromyogram(EMG), ultrasound and digital infrared thermal image(DITI). In the result, the body weight and BMI were decreased. Subcutaneous abdominal fat were significantly reduced after 4 weeks. The muscle strength and TrA muscle thickness was increased 13.2%(p<0.05), and 35.5%, respectively. The fat thickness showed decrease in abdomen (p<0.05). Infrared measurement on abdominal surface temperature as a parameter of improvement in blood circulation was significantly increased(p<0.05). Therefore, the low frequency stimulation showed positive effects on parameters of the obesity improvement.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietray carbohydrate level on the lipid and Ca metabolism, and on immune response in the process of aging. Sprag\ulcornerue - Dawley male rats of 12 months of age were fed either high carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet for 9 months. With increasing age from 12 months to 21 months, there was no significant increase in body weight, however, the epididymal fat pat weight and total serum lipid tend to become higher, and the inorganic/organic matterratio in bone tends to become lower. This suggests that body fat accumulation increase and bone mass decrease with age. Rats fed low carbohydrate diet showed the higher epididymal fat pat weight, and the lower Ca content in femur and scapular compared to high carbohydrate diet fed rats. The immune response was also lower in low carbohydrate diet group judged by the lower thymus and spleen index and by the lower response to PHA and ConA stimulation. The results of this study suggests that the dietary level of carbohydrate and fat may play an important role in the process of aging. It could be recommended to practice high carbohydrate -low fat diet for the elderly to reduce the risk of degenerative diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-105
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to see the effect of oral administration of reserpine (2mg/d) and tryptophan (40.35mg/d) on the serum amino acid concentrations and organ composition, food consumption, body weight, blood hematocrit(Hct) and hemoglobin(Hb) levels in Sprague-Dawley rats fed 6% or 20% casein diet. Any adverse effects of reserpine and tryptophan were not observed in animals, except that liver fat contents were increased in low protein group. In other words the administration of typtophan decreased liver fat contents in 6% casein and reserpine-treated 20% casein groups, but increased in reserpine-treated 6% casein group. But the low protein diet had significant adverse effects in animals. The 6% casein diet, therefore, had a tendency to decrease food consumption and body weight. The simillar tendency was shown in serum essential amino acid concentrations, organ weight and protein contents of liver and muscle. From the results, it would be safe to conclude that the oral administration of large deses of reserpine and tryptophan did not induce such a signifcant malnutrition as the low protein diet did.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.14-20
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• 2020

Currently, the automotive market is intensively researching eco-friendly vehicles such as EV vehicles and hydrogen vehicles. Further, research and developments for the future markets such as autonomous vehicles and the connective cars are coped up continuously along with the rising fuel economy regulations and the emission regulations. In this development, various sensors, batteries, and control devices are fused in order to decrease the weight of the vehicle. Moreover, since the fuel economy regulation is an issue, research on the weight reduction of body parts is underway. Therefore, in this work, a study is conducted to obtain the optimal design of the Dash part that separates the engine room and the passenger seat of the vehicle body by combining lightweight materials with high rigidity materials. The optimal design was obtained using the Finite Element Analysis. Further, AL5083 was used as the lightweight material and ASBC1470 was used for high strength materials. The parts made with this combination of materials had strength equivalent to that of the existing steel and the weight was reduced by 10%.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.19-25
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• 2016

Global warming is hot issue to keep the earth everlastingly. Despite the increase of the world population and the energy demand, the world oil supply and the oil price are hold the steady state. If we are not decrease the world population and the energy consumption, unforeseeable energy crisis will come in the immediate future. AMT acronym of Advanced Materials for Transportation is a non-profitable IEA-affiliated organization to mitigate the oil consumption and the environment contamination for the transportation. In recent, Annex X Multi-materials Joining was added to enhance the car body weight reduction cause the high fuel efficiency and the low emission of exhaust gas. Multi-materials are the advanced materials application technology to optimize the weight, the performance and the cost with the combination of different materials such as Al-alloy, Mg- alloy, AHSS and CFRP. In this study, the trends of AMT strategy and Al-alloy based multi-materials joining technology were review. Also several technologies for Al-alloy dissimilar joining were investigated.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.147-168
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• 2008

HYTE (Hyeonggaeyeongyotang Extract), a polyherbal formula has been used as folk medicine, 28days repeat oral dose toxicity was tested in SD rats according to KFDA Guideline[2005-60]. Methods : In this study, mortality, clinical signs, body weight and gains, food and water consumption, ophthalmologic observation, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross findings, organ weight and histopathological observations were conducted during 28days of dosing periods. Results: 1. No HYTE treatment-related mortalities and clinical signs were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods. 2. No HYTE treatment-related changes on body weight, gains and food consumption were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats during the whole experimental periods except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which significantly increase of body weight, gains, food and water consumption were detected compared to that of vehicle control in some points. 3. No HYTE treatment-related changes on ophthalmologic examination were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 4. No HYTE treatment-related changes on urinalysis were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing female groups in which, significantly increase of urine volume and related decrease on the urine specific gravity were detected as secondary effects of increase on the water consumptions not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 5. No HYTE treatment-related changes on hematology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for increases in the total WBC count and lymphocytes of 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups with decrease of large unstained cells as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. 6. No HYTE treatment-related changes on serum biochemistry were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats. 7. No HYTE treatment-related changes on gross findings, organ weight and histopathology were detected in all dosing levels tested in male and female rats except for 2000mg/kg-dosing male and female groups in which, spleen and thymus organ weights, hypertrophy at gross observation and hyperpalsia of lymphoid cells and follicles at histopathological observation in spleen and thymus were detected as pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs. Conclusions : Based on these results, the NOAEL and MTD of HYTE in SD rats were considered as over 2000mg/kg, respectively at 28days repeat oral dose toxicity test because most of these findings were considered as results of pharmacological effects of immune enhancements not HYTE treatment-related toxicological signs or secondary effects.