• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2019

The forest of the Huaphanh Province (HP) has continued to decrease at 0.6% (10,560 ha) per year from 1992 to 2010. In the past few decades, the government of Laos and the Huaphanh Provincial Authority have been trying to address the root causes of deforestation. This study attempts to examine the factors effecting the decrease of the forest cover in the HP by analyzing the influence of the local socio-economic development and implementation of forest management policies on changes in the forest cover. The social data of the province focused on population growth and distribution between urban and rural areas including the number of poor people and the economic growth of three sectors, namely agriculture and forestry, industry, and service, while the implementation of the state forest management policy focused on the state forest management plan, tree plantation, forest land use planning and allocation to households, and shifting cultivation including annual upland rice and maize cultivation. In addition, government reports on socio-economic and rural development including poverty eradication of other provinces, where an increase in the forest cover was observed, were also collected and analyzed using qualitative and comparative analysis. The results from this study indicate that the decrease in forest cover in the Huaphanh Province appears to depend on a very slow economic growth and reduction in rural poverty of the province. The increase in the rural population in the province led to an increase in farm households and are as for shifting cultivation. As a result, forests were cleared leading to a decrease in the forest cover.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2011

This study analyzes the changes in the surface area of each forest cover, based on temperature data analysis and satellite imagery as the basic methods for the impact assessment of climate change on regional units. Furthermore, future changes in the forest cover are predicted using the double exponential smoothing method. The results of the study have shown an overall increase in annual mean temperature in the studied region since 1990, and an especially increased rate in winter and autumn compared to other seasons. The multi-temporal analysis of the changes in the forest cover using satellite images showed a large decrease of coniferous forests, and a continual increase in deciduous forests and mixed forests. Such changes are attributed to the increase in annual mean temperature of the studied regions. The analysis of changes in the surface area of each forest cover using the statistical data displayed similar tendencies as that of the forest cover categorizing results from the satellite images. Accordingly, rapid changes in forest cover following the increase of temperature in the studied regions could be expected. The results of the study of the forest cover surface using the double exponential smoothing method predict a continual decrease in coniferous forests until 2050. On the contrary, deciduous forests and mixed forests are predicted to show continually increasing tendencies. Deciduous forests have been predicted to increase the most in the future. With these results, the data on forest cover can be usefully applied as the main index for climate change. Further qualitative results are expected to be deduced from these data in the future, compared to the analyses of the relationship between tree species of forest and climate factors.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2002년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.293-296
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydrological impact due to temporal land cover change urbanization of Anseong-cheon watershed $(585.09km^2)$. WMS (Watershed Modeling System) HEC-1 was adopted, and burned DEM with $200{\times}200m$ resolution and soil map reclassified by hydrologic soil groups were prepared. Land cover for 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000 were classified by maximum likelihood method, using Landsat MSS and TM imageries. Calibration and verification of HEC-1 were conducted using 4 storm events. Peak flow at Pyeong taek station increased $25.9m^3/sec$ during the past 15 years due to paddy and forest decrease. Streamflow impact by just paddy area decrease and forest area decrease were also analysed keeping watershed CN values unchanged of the given year, respectively.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Korea's researchers have recently studied the prediction of forest change, but they have not considered landuse/cover change compared to distribution of forest vegetation. The purpose of our study is to predict forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula in the 2090's. The methods of this study were Multi-layer perceptrom neural network for Landuse/cover (water, urban, barren, wetland, grass, forest, agriculture) change and Multinomial Logit Model for distribution prediction for forest vegetation (Pinus densiflora, Quercus Spp., Alpine Plants, Evergreen Broad-Leaved Plants). The classification accuracy of landuse/cover change on the Korean Peninsula was 71.3%. Urban areas expanded with large cities as the central, but forest and agriculture area contracted by 6%. The distribution model of forest vegetation has 63.6% prediction accuracy. Pinus densiflora and evergreen broad-leaved plants increased but Quercus Spp. and alpine plants decreased from the model. Finally, the results of forest vegetation based on landuse/cover change increased Pinus densiflora to 38.9% and evergreen broad-leaved plants to 70% when it is compared to the current climate. But Quercus Spp. decreased 10.2% and alpine plants disappeared almost completely for most of the Korean Peninsula. These results were difficult to make a distinction between the increase of Pinus densiflora and the decrease of Quercus Spp. because of they both inhabit a similar environment on the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.82-94
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 미얀마 내 Mandalay, Magway 지역에 대해 Landsat 4-5 TM 위성영상을 이용하여 토지피복 변화와 식생온도조건지수(Vegetation Temperature Condition Index; VTCI)의 관계를 분석함으로써, 미얀마 토지피복 변화와 건조 정도의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 토지피복 변화를 분석한 결과, 연구 대상 지역에서 산림은 감소하는 것으로 나타난 반면, 주거지와 농경지의 면적은 증가하였다. VTCI 분석을 수행한 결과, (a)지역에서는 매우 건조한 지역의 면적이 점차 감소하고, 건조한 지역 및 보통, 습윤한 지역의 면적이 증가하여 건조의 정도가 다소 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. (b)지역 또한 매우 건조한 지역의 면적이 증가하여 건조 정도가 심각해지는 것을 파악할 수 있었다. VTCI와 토지피복 변화의 관계 분석결과는 두 지역의 매우 건조한 지역에서 산림 및 주거지의 농경지로의 변화 비율이 비교적 높게 나타나고, 변화된 지역의 VTCI 평균이 감소하여 토지피복의 변화와 건조 정도의 변화의 관련성을 찾을 수 있었으며, 건조지역이 점차 증가하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.425-432
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• 2011

To control non-point source pollution at a watershed scale, rainfall-runoff characteristics from forest watersheds should be investigated since the forest is the dominant land use in Korea. Long-term monitoring would be an ideal method. However, computer models have been utilized due to limitations in cost and labor in performing long-term monitoring at the watersheds. In this study, the Geo-spatial interface to the Water Erosion Prediction Project (GeoWEPP) model was evaluated for its runoff prediction from a coniferous forest dominant watersheds. The $R^2$ and the NSE for calibrated result comparisons were 0.77 and 0.63, validated result comparisons were 0.92, 0.89, respectively. These comparisons indicated that the GeoWEPP model can be used in evaluating rainfall-runoff characteristics. To estimate runoff changes from a coniferous forest watershed with various cover degree scenarios, ten cover degree scenarios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%) were run using the calibrated GeoWEPP model. It was found that runoff increases with decrease in cover degree. Runoff volume was the highest ($206,218.66m^3$) at 10% cover degree, whereas the lowest ($134,074.58m^3$) at 100% cover degree due to changes in evapotranspiration under various cover degrees at the forest. As shown in this study, GeoWEPP model could be efficiently used to investigate runoff characteristics from the coniferous forest watershed and effects of various cover degree scenarios on runoff generation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2015

In many very high density cities in Asia in which there is limited area to expand, growth is forced upward as well as outward. Densely packed detached houses and low-rise buildings are replaced by lower density high-rises, leaving open spaces between high-rise buildings. Through this process, areas that formerly did not have much green space gain valuable green spaces, and new ecological corridors and patches are created. In this study, the demographic and housing-type changes of Wonju City were delineated using land use maps, aerial images, census data, and other administrative data. Green area changes were calculated using land cover data derived from multi-year Landsat TM satellite imagery. The values were then compared against demographic and housing-type changes for each administrative unit. The overall results showed a decrease of forested area in the city and an increase of developed area. Urban sprawl was clearly visible in many of the suburban areas. However, as expected, we also detected areas in which greenness did not decrease when the population greatly increased. These areas were characterized by residential building complexes of ten or more stories. If an equal number of housing units had been built as detached houses, these areas would not have kept as much green space. Our research result showed that high-density and high-rise residential structures can offer an alternative means to protect or create urban green spaces in high-density urban environments.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The present study was conducted with the object of measuring sensibility image through an experiment with human bodies and indexing human feelings according to land cover types. The temperature by land cover types formed the lowest temperature in planted areas and the highest temperature in paved areas. The wind velocity is stronger in bare grounds, the surface of water and building areas than planted areas, grassland and paved areas. In the case of using a globe thermometer, a solar controled device confirmed the planted areas. In summer, an increase of thermal sensation are indicated a decrease of amenity, and the sensation which has high correlationship is in order by amenity, thermal sensation, airflow sensation and humidity sensation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.354-359
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• 2009

Land cover types of Hustai National Park (HNP) in Mongolia, a hotspot area with rare species, were classified and their temporal changes were evaluated using Landsat MSS TM/ETM data between 1994 and 2000. Maximum likelihood classification analysis showed an overall accuracy of 88.0% and 85.0% for the 1994 and 2000 images, respectively. Kappa coefficients associated with the classification were resulted to 0.85 for 1994 and 0.82 for 2000 image. Land cover types revealed significant temporal changes in the classification maps between 1994 and 2000. The area has increased considerably by $166.5km^2$ for mountain steppe. By contrast, agricultural areas and degraded areas affected by human being activity were decreased by $46.1km^2$ and $194.8km^2$ over the six year span, respectively. These areas were replaced by mountain steppe area. Specifically, forest area was noticeably fragmented, accompanied by the decrease of $\sim400$ ha. The forest area revealed a pattern with systematic gain and loss associated with the specific phenomenon called as forest free-south slope. We discussed the potential environmental conditions responsible for the systematic pattern and addressed other biological impacts by outbreaks of forest pests and ungulates.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2003

This study explored effects of urban greenspace on improving atmospheric environment, which is concerned with $CO_2$, SO$_2$ and NO$_2$ uptake, and with reduction of summer air temperatures. The site of this study was focused on Jung-gu in Seoul. Tree density and cover were 1.1 trees/100 $m^2$ and 12.5% respectively for the study area except forest lands. Atmospheric purification by greenspace was associated with changes in tree cover per unit area of each land use type. The mean $CO_2$ storage by woody plants was 19.4t/ha, and annual uptake averaged 2.2t/ha/yr for $CO_2$, 1.9kg/ha/yr for SO$_2$ and 5.0kg/ha/yr for NO$_2$. Entire tree plantings in the study area played a significant role by annually offsetting $CO_2$ emissions of about 1,830t from fossil fuel consumption by 330 persons, SO$_2$ emissions of 1,620kg by 1,080 persons, and NO$_2$ emissions of 4,230kg by 450 persons. The summer air temperature was 3.6$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a location with 54% cover of woody plants and 4.5$^{\circ}C$ cooler at a forest site with 100% cover, compared to a place with no planting. A 10% increase of woody plant cover was estimated to decrease summer air temperature by approximately 0.6$^{\circ}C$ until a certain level of canopy cover. Analyzing data from the Automatic Weather Stations in Seoul revealed that increasing tree cover decreased mean air temperature for the summer season (Jun~Aug) in a nonlinear function. Woody plant cover was the best predictive variable of summer temperature reduction. The results from this study are expected to be useful in emphasizing the environmental benefits and importance of urban greenspace enlargement, and in urging the necessity for planting and management budgets.