• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.6181-6184
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer in males and the fourth most frequent site in females, worldwide. This study is the first to explore the profile of lung cancer in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Cases of primary lung cancer (Kuwaiti) in Kuwait cancer Registry (KCR) were grouped in 4 periods (10 years each) from 1970-2009. Epidemiological measures; age standardized incidence rate (ASIR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), Standardized rate ratio (SRR) and Cumulative risk and Forecasting to year 2020-2029 used for analysis. Results: Between years, 2000-2009 lung cancer ranked the 4th and the 9th most frequent cancer in males and females respectively. M:F ratio 1:3. Mean age at diagnosis (95%CI) was 65.2 (63.9-66.4) years. The estimated risk of developing lung cancer before the age of 75 years in males is 1.8% (1/56), and 0.6 (1/167) in females. The ASIR for male cases was 11.7, 17.1, 17.0, 14.0 cases/100,000 population in the seventies, eighties, nineties and in 2000-2009 respectively. Female ASIR was 2.3, 8.4, 5.1, 4.4 cases/100,000 population in the same duration. Lung cancer is the leading cause cancer death in males 168 (14.2%) and the fifth cause of death due to cancer in females accounting for 6.1% of all cancer deaths. The ASMR (95%CI) was 8.1 (6.6-10.0) deaths/100,000 population and 2.8 (1.3-4.3) deaths/100,000 population in males and females respectively. The estimated Mortality to incidence Ratio was 0.6. Conclusions: The incidence of lung cancer between years 2000-2009 is not different from that reported in the seventies. KCR is expecting the number of lung cancer cases to increase.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.47-50
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• 2014

신증후군 환아에서 감염은 매우 중요한 사망원인이 된다. 독감 바이러스는 매번 겨울철마다 유행하며, 독감 바이러스의 치명률은 건강한 소아에서 호흡기세포융합바이러스의 사망률과 비슷하므로 독감에 의한 감염도 신증후군 환아들에게는 매우 치명적일 수 있다. 독감에 의한 사망률에는 폐렴으로 인한 사망이 많은 부분을 차지한다. 하지만, 독감은 예방접종과 항바이러스 치료제가 존재하므로 치료 및 예방이 가능하다. 그러므로, 적극적인 독감 예방접종과 항바이러스 치료는 신증후군 환자들에게서 치명률을 낮출 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 저자들은 신증후군 치료중에 A형 독감(H1N1)에 의한 폐렴에 걸린 7세 남아를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2017

Objectives: Based on data from Chinese and Indian traditional herbal medicines, gum resin of Ferula assa-foetida (sometimes referred to asafetida or asafoetida) has several therapeutic applications. The authors of various studies have claimed that asafetida has cytotoxic, antiulcer, anti-neoplasm, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidative effects. In present study, the anti-aging effect of asafetida on senescent human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated. Methods: Senescence was induced in in vitro cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) through exposure to $H_2O_2$, and the incidence of senescence was recognized by using cytochemical staining for the activity of ${\beta}$-galactosidase. Then, treatment with oleo gum resin of asafetida was started to evaluate its rejuvenating effect. The survival rate of fibroblasts was evaluated by using methyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays were performed to evaluate the expressions of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic markers. Results: Our experiments show that asafetida in concentrations ranging from $5{\times}10^{-8}$ to $10^{-7}g/mL$ has revitalizing effects on senescent fibroblasts and significantly reduces the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity in these cells (P < 0.05). Likewise, treatment at these concentrations increases the proliferation rate of normal fibroblasts (P < 0.05). However, at concentrations higher than $5{\times}10^{-7}g/mL$, asafetida is toxic for cells and induces cell death. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that asafetida at low concentrations has a rejuvenating effect on senescent fibroblasts whereas at higher concentrations, it has the opposite effect of facilitating cellular apoptosis and death.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2018

Background: We strived to evaluate the status of nivolumab use and associated factors on the clinical efficacy of the drug. Methods: The study was retrospectively conducted in patients who had been administered nivolumab at least once at the cancer center of Seoul National University Hospital from June 2015 to April 2017. Data were collected from electronic medical records. A medication-use evaluation was performed based on the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists mediation-use guidelines. Results: Sixty-six of the 74 patients (89.2%) showed indications approved for nivolumab use by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS; n=55) or the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA; n=11). Approximately 73.0% of the patients were administered the approved dose of 3 mg/kg but 25.7% were administered an unapproved fixed dose of 100 mg. The overall response rate was 21.7%, and the response rate of non-small cell lung cancer patients, who accounted for the largest number of indications, was 18.8%. Adverse reactions were found in 90.1% of the patients and were mostly mild (86%). The expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was analyzed as a factor affecting treatment response (p=0.028, odds ratio [OR]=11.331). Conclusion: PD-L1 expression was found to affect treatment response. However, caution is required while using an unapproved dosage and in the absence of monitoring for effectiveness and safety. Therefore, an effective protocol or instruction manual for the proper use of nivolumab should be considered.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease observed in approximately 0.5-2.2% of the population, and it is recognized as a premalignant lesion that can progress into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The rate of malignant transformation is approximately 1.09-2.3%, and the risk factors for malignant transformation are age, female, erosive type, and tongue site location. Malignant transformation of OLP is likely related to the low frequency of apoptotic phenomena. Therefore, apoptosis-related genetic factors, like p53, BCL-2, and BAX are reviewed. Increased p53 expression and altered expression of BCL-2 and BAX were observed in OLP patients, and the malignant transformation rate in these patients was relatively higher. The involvement of microRNA (miRNA) in the malignant transformation of OLP is also reviewed. Because autophagy is involved in cell survival and death through the regulation of various cellular processes, autophagy-related genetic factors may function as factors for malignant transformation. In OLP, decreased levels of ATG9B mRNA and a higher expression of IGF1 were observed, suggesting a reduction in cell death and autophagic response. Activated IGF1-PI3K/AKT/mTor cascade may play an important role in a signaling pathway related to the malignant transformation of OLP to OSCC. Recent research has shown that miRNAs, such as miR-199 and miR-122, activate the cascade, increasing the prosurvival and proproliferative signals.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The effects of four different self-adhesive resin cement materials on cell viability and apoptosis after direct and indirect exposure were evaluated using different cell culture techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Self-adhesive cements were applied to NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblasts by the extract test method, cell culture inserts, and dentin barrier test method. After exposure periods of 24 h and 72 h, the cytotoxicity of these self-adhesive materials was evaluated using the MTT assay (viability) and the Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining (apoptosis). RESULTS. The lowest cell viability was found in cells exposed to BeautiCem SA for 24 h in the extract test method. Cell viability was reduced to 70.6% compared to negative controls. After the 72 h exposure period, viability rate of cell cultures exposed to BeautiCem SA decreased more than 2- fold (29.5%) while cells exposed to RelyX U200 showed the highest viability rate of 71.4%. In the dentin barrier test method, BeautiCem SA induced the highest number of cells in apoptosis after a 24 h exposure (4.1%). Panavia SA Cement Plus was the material that caused the lowest number of cells in apoptosis (1.5%). CONCLUSION. The used self-adhesive cements have showed different cytotoxic effects based on the evaluation method. As exposure time increased, the materials showed more cytotoxic and apoptotic effects. BeautiCem SA caused significantly more severe cytotoxic and apoptotic effects than other cements tested. Moreover, cements other than BeautiCem SA have caused necrotic cell death rather than apoptotic cell death.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

최근 4차 산업 시대의 흐름에 따라 건설공사에서는 최첨단 기술의 적용으로 나날이 발전하고 있는데 반해, 건설현장에서는 지속적인 안전사고가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구의 주목적은 안전관리자 계획단계에서 수행되는 업무들의 중요도와 예방효과를 전문가 의견을 통한 IPA 분석을 활용하여 상관관계를 도출하고 안전관리에 기여할 수 있는 주요 안전 계획 업무와 개선이 필요한 업무를 파악함으로써, 궁극적으로 건설안전재해사고 발생을 줄이는 데 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.3484-3490
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• 2015

건설산업은 타 산업에 비해 재해율이 높으며, 그중에서도 특히 사망자 발생 등 중대재해 비율이 높아 안전교육 및 관리의 중요성이 매우 높은 산업이다. 고용노동부는 근로자의 안전의식을 고취하고 사고율을 낮추기 위해 건설현장의 모든 근로자를 대상으로 건설업 기초안전보건교육을 실시하도록 하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이러한 의무를 지키는 현장이 한정적일뿐더러 형식적인 교육으로 인하여 그 효과가 미미하다는 지적이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 건설업 기초안전보건교육 실시현황, 교안 사례 및 교육방법을 분석하여 문제점을 파악한다. 또한 효과적 교육법에 관한 선행연구를 분석하여 근로자의 안전의식 고취에 효과적인 교육 방법을 제시하고, 최근 건설현장 사망사고 유형을 공종별로 분류함으로써 교육 대상 특성을 고려한 교육내용을 현행 건설업 기초안전보건교육의 개선방안으로 제시한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2000

심장순환기계 질환은 혈중 지질의 상승에서 오며 우리나라의 심장순환계질환은 증가추세로 전체 사망자의 30% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 최근 율무의 혈중 콜레스테롤 농도 저하 작용 가능성이 알려짐으로서 지질대사에도 관여하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 본 실험에서는 고지방식이로 유발된 고지혈증 흰쥐에서 율무 가공제품인 율무 시리얼의 급여에 의한 혈청 및 간의 지질 성상 개선 효과를 검토하였다. 5주간 고지방 식이군과 율무 시리얼을 5% 대체하여 섭취시킨 결과, 율무제품군이 혈액내 중성지방 함량을 감소시켰으며, 총콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량에는 유의성 있는 변화가 없었다. 동맥경화지수는 율무제품섭취에 의하여 약 20%정도 낮게 나타났다. 간장 중의 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 함량은 대조군과 실험군 간에 유의차가 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 율무 가공제품인 율무 시리얼 섭취는 고지방식이를 섭취한 흰쥐의 고지혈증 개선 및 심장혈관계 질환의 예방에 효과의 가능성이 있음이 확인되었다.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
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• 제95권5호
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• pp.267-277
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze survival outcomes in 1,000 consecutive liver transplantations (LTs) performed at a single institution from 1993 to April 2017. Methods: The study population was divided into 2 groups based on donor type: deceased donor LT (DDLT; n = 181, 18.1%) and living donor LT (LDLT; n = 819; 81.9%), and into 3 periods based on the number of cases (first 300 cases, middle 300 cases, last 400 cases). Results: Infection was the most common cause of death, accounting for 34.8% (95 of 273). Mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence occurred most frequently between 1 and 5 years after transplantation. Mortality rate by graft rejection was highest between 5 and 10 years after transplantation. And mortality by de novo malignancy occurred most frequently after 10 years after transplantation. The patient survival rates for the entire population at 5 and 10 years were 74.7%, and 68.6%, respectively. There was no difference in survival rate between the LDLT and DDLT groups (P = 0.188). Cause of disease, disease severity, case period, and retransplantation had a significant association with patient survival (P = 0.002, P = 0.031, P = 0.003, and P = 0.024, respectively). Conclusion: Surgical techniques and perioperative management for transplant patients have improved and undergone standardization. Controlling perioperative infection and managing patients with HCC as LT candidates will result in better outcomes.