• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2008

Purpose: Recently, the incidence of blast injury has been on the increase worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze blast injuries in South Korea. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-center study of blast injuries in three tertiary military centers. The medical records of patients with blast injuries from January 2003 to December 2007 were reviewed. The injury severity was evaluated according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS), the Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and the Trauma Score and the Injury Severity Score (TRISS). Results: This study revealed epidemiological data of blast injury in the three tertiary military hospital. A total of 94 cases of blast injury had occurred. Various body regions were involved. The most frequently injured site was the upper extremity (52.1%). The mechanisms for the blast injuries were primary (41.5%), secondary (74.5%), tertiary (7.4%), and quaternary (29.8%). The mean injury-to-hospital arrival time was $3.2{\pm}1.7hour$. The rate of admission was 88.3%, and the rate of ICU admission was 32.5%. Thirty-six (36) cases required an emergency operation. Most were performed by an Orthopedist (55.6%), an Ophthalmologist (19.4%), or a general surgeon (13.9%). The mortality rate from blast injury was 4.3%. Conclusion: This was the first paper to present data on the type of injury, the site of injury, the cause of death, and the mortality from blast injury in South Korea. Chest injury, brain injury, tertiary injury mechanisms, $ISS{\geq_-}16$, and a Maximal Abbreviated Injury Scale Score $(ABI){\geq_-}4$ were significantly associated with death.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

Background/Objectives: Despite multiple approaches of treatments for salivary duct carcinoma, there has been a need for more successful treatment methods because of its poor prognosis. Treatment options like immunotherapy using new technologies have been attempted. Based on recent study results indicating that targeting programmed death receptors are effective in treating various cancers, this study aimed to identify the frequency of PD-L1 expression and its impact on survival rate in salivary duct carcinoma. Materials & Methods: We studied 33 patients with salivary gland cancer who were available for histologic specimens. We examined the expression of PD-L1 in the tissues and analyzed the association with the survival rate and the association with various clinical parameters. Results: According to this study and review of similar studies, we discovered that the expression of PD-L1 in salivary duct carcinoma was lower than other types of cancers. The impact of PD-L1 on survival rate also showed inconsistency in salivary duct carcinoma. Conclusion: Immunotherapy by PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade in salivary duct carcinoma needs further evaluation for clinical application.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.1789-1800
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• 2019

Objective: Although alveolar macrophages play a key role in the respiratory immunity of livestock, studies on the mechanism of differentiation and survival of alveolar macrophages are lacking. Therefore, we undertook to investigate changes in the lipid metabolism and survival rate, using 3D4/31 macrophages and Dudleya brittonii which has been used as a traditional asthma treatment. Methods: 3D4/31 macrophages were used as the in vitro porcine alveolar macrophages model. The cells were activated by exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Dudleya brittonii extraction was performed with distilled water. For evaluating the cell survival rate, we performed the water-soluble tetrazolium salt cell viability assay and growth curve analysis. To confirm cell death, cell cycle and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using flow cytometric analysis by applying fluorescence dye dichlorofluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide. Furthermore, we also evaluated cellular lipid accumulation with oil red O staining, and fatty acid synthesis related genes expression levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with SYBR green dye. Glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle related gene expression levels were measured using qPCR after exposure to Dudleya brittonii extract (DB) for 12 h. Results: The ROS production and cell death were induced by PMA treatment, and exposure to DB reduced the PMA induced downregulation of cell survival. The PMA and DB treatments upregulated the lipid accumulation, with corresponding increase in the acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, fatty acid synthase mRNA expressions. DB-PMA co-treatment reduced the glycolysis genes expression, but increased the expressions of fatty acid oxidation and TCA cycle genes. Conclusion: This study provides new insights and directions for further research relating to the immunity of porcine respiratory system, by employing a model based on alveolar macrophages and natural materials.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2023

Objectives: Hanging is a common method of attempted suicide. This study investigated the epidemiological profile of attempted and completed suicides by hanging in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1167 suicide attempts by hanging between 2011 and 2019. All data related to suicide attempts by hanging were collected from the Fars Suicide Surveillance System. The trends in suicide cases and the mean age of attempted and completed suicides were plotted. The chi-square test was used to identify suicide-related factors. Crude rates of incidence, mortality, and standardized fatality during the study period were calculated. Finally, logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of death in individuals who attempted suicide. Results: The mean age of those who attempted suicide was 33.21±16.82 years; the majority were male (80.5%). The rate of attempted and completed suicide by hanging were 3.50 and 2.79 per 100 000 people, respectively. The case-fatality rate was calculated as 79.34%. The results of our study indicated an increasing trend in suicide attempts by hanging. The likelihood of death was 2.28 times higher in individuals with a previous history of suicide attempts and 1.85 times higher in those with a psychological disorder. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest an increasing trend in attempted and completed suicide by hanging, especially among individuals with a history of suicide attempts and psychological disorders. It is necessary to take action to reduce the rate of suicide attempts and identify the underlying causes of suicide attempts by hanging.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to compare the characteristics of patients with trauma by age group in a single center in Korea to identify the clinical characteristics and analyze the risk factors affecting mortality. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years who visited the Chungbuk National University Hospital Regional Trauma Center between January 2016 and December 2022 were included. The accident mechanism, severity of the injury, and outcomes were compared by classifying the patients into group A (18-64 years), group B (65-79 years), and group C (≥80 years). In addition, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting death. Results: The most common injury mechanism was traffic accidents in group A (40.9%) and slipping in group B (37.0%) and group C (56.2%). Although group A had the highest intensive care unit admission rate (38.0%), group C had the highest mortality rate (9.5%). In the regression analysis, 3 to 8 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale had the highest odds ratio for mortality, and red blood cell transfusion within 24 hours, intensive care unit admission, age, and Injury Severity Score were the predictors of death. Conclusions: For patients with trauma, the mechanism, injured body region, and severity of injury differed among the age groups. The high mortality rate of elderly patients suggests the need for different treatment approaches for trauma patients according to age. Identifying factors affecting clinical patterns and mortality according to age groups can help improve the prognosis of trauma patients in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10263-10266
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• 2015

Background: The risk of febrile neutropaenia (FN) and treatment related death (TRD) with first line palliative chemotherapy for de novo metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains unknown outside of a clinical trial setting despite its widespread usage. This study aimed to determine rates in a large cohort of patients treated in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Materials and Methods: Patients who were treated with first line palliative chemotherapy for de novo MBC from 2002-2011 in UMMC were identified from the UMMC Breast Cancer Registry. Information collected included patient demographics, histopathological features, treatment received, including the different chemotherapy regimens, and presence of FN and TRD. FN was defined as an oral temperature > $38.5^{\circ}C$ or two consecutive readings of > $38.0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and an absolute neutrophil count < $0.5{\times}10^9/L$, or expected to fall below $0.5{\times}10^9/L$ (de Naurois et al, 2010). TRD was defined as death occurring during or within 30 days of the last chemotherapy treatment, as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 18.0 software. Survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences in survival compared using log-rank test. Results: Between $1^{st}$ January 2002 and $31^{st}$ December 2011, 424 patients with MBC were treated in UMMC. A total of 186 out of 221 patients with de novo MBC who received first line palliative chemotherapy were analyzed. The mean age of patients in this study was 49.5 years (range 24 to 74 years). Biologically, ER status was negative in 54.4% of patients and Her-2 status was positive in 31.1%. A 5-flourouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) chemotherapy regimen was chosen for 86.6% of the cases. Most patients had multiple metastatic sites (58.6%). The main result of this study showed a FN rate of 5.9% and TRD rate of 3.2%. The median survival (MS) for the entire cohort was 19 months. For those with multiple metastatic sites, liver only, lung only, bone only and brain only metastatic sites, the MS was 18, 24, 19, 24 and 8 months respectively (p-value= 0.319). Conclusions: In conclusion, we surmise that FEC is a safe regimen with acceptable FN and TRD rates for de novo MBC.

• 분석과학
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 화학 물질의 급성 안자극 시험을 수행하기 위한 세포 기반 미세유체 칩의 개발과 응용에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 포토리소그래피와 소프트리소그래피 공정을 이용하여 미세유체 칩을 제작하였으며, 칩은 배양 면적이 다른 3개의 세포 배양 구획으로 이루어져 있다. 세포 기반 안자극 시험은 토끼 각막 상피 세포를 사용하여 수행하였다. 미세유체 칩에 배양된 세포에 화학 물질 수용액을 처리한 후 일정한 간격으로 세포를 관찰하고, 생존율 곡선을 기반으로 세포 사멸에 대한 속도 상수를 계산하였다. 세포-세포 사이의 연접, 세포-기판 사이의 부착, 초기 세포 수 변화가 세포 사멸 속도에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 미세유체 칩의 성능을 검증하였다. 안자극 시험의 표준물질인 sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) 수용액의 다양한 농도 조건에서 안자극 시험을 수행하였다. 화학 물질의 수용액에 300초 동안 노출시킨 세포의 생존율을 이용하여 안자극을 시험하였다. 최종적으로 미세유체 칩의 각 구획에 대한 가중치를 기반으로 독성 점수(toxicity score, TS) 산출식을 얻었다. 본 연구에서 개발한 세포 기반 미세유체 칩은 화장품과 제약에 사용되는 화학 물질의 안자극 시험에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccinations on deaths of the COVID-19 cases in some elderly long-term care facilities (LTCF) in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Methods: The study subjects were 659 COVID-19 cases in residents of 7 elderly LTCF, Gwangju, from 21 Dec. 2021 to 28 Jan. 2022. The used variables were confirmed dates for COVID-19, demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, presentation of symptoms, death and vaccination related characteristics including type of vaccine, doses and dates. Vaccination status were classified as not vaccinated, partially and fully vaccinated. The associations of vaccination status and deaths of COVID-19 cases were tested by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The rates of not vaccinated, partially vaccinated and fully vaccinated were 19.4%, 10.2% and 70.4%, respectively. The mortality rate of the cases was 6.4%. The death rate by vaccination status was 16.4% in not vaccinated, 15.4% in partially vaccinated and 2.6% in fully vaccinated, showing a statistically significant difference. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals, CIs) of death compared to fully vaccinated were 7.64 (3.87-16.34) in non-vaccinated, and 6.97 (3.44-14.14) in partially vaccinated. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination seems to work effectively in preventing deaths of COVID-19 cases of elderly LTCF residents. This finding support that fully vaccinations in high risk group such as elderly LTCF residents is very important for one of strategies of COVID-19 management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.730-744
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• 1987

From Nov. 1980 to Jun. 1987, 270 primary lung cancer patients were operated on at the department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. There Were 223 males & 47 females with 55.5 years of mean age. There were 151 [55.9%] squamous cell ca., 43 [18.8%] adenoca., 8 [3.5%] undiff. large cell, 9 [3.9%] undiff. small cell ca. & 18 [7.9%] mixed type, and also composed of 65 [28.3%] stage I, 31 [13.5%] stage II and 133 [58.1%] of stage III cases. They received 78 [34.1%] lobectomies, 62 [27.1%] pneumonectomies and 60 [26.2%] exploratory thoracotomies with 70% resectability rate. The five year actuarial survival rate of all patients was 37%. According to TNM stage, five year survival rate of the patients in stage I was 71%, those of stage II was 29% and of stage III 21%. According to histological cell type, five year actuarial survival rate of the squamous cell ca. was 35%, of adenoca. 49%, of undiff. large cell. 22%, 2 year survival rate of undiff. small cell was 31% and 3 year survival rate of mixed type was 47%. Hospital death was 2 case with a 1.3% early postop. mortality rate.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 1988

진해만내의 진동 고현 연안에서 진주 담치의 효율적인 종묘생산 기술 개발을 위하여 부유유생의 출현시각와 각 유생 단계별 생존율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 진주 담치의 산란성기는 4월 중순경 이었다. 2. D형 유생으로부터 umbo형 유생까지는 11-13 일이 소요되었으며 umbo형 유생에서 성숙 유생까지는 10-13일이 소요 되었다. 그리고 D형 유생에서부터 채묘의 대상이 되는 성숙 유생까지는 23-25일이 소요되었다. 3. D형 유생에서 umbo형 유생으로 성장할 때까지의 평균 존재율은 $21.04\%$, umbo형 유생에서 성숙 유생까지는 $16.89\%$였고, D형유생의 $3.55\%$ 만이 성숙 유생으로 생존하였다. 4. 진해만산 진주 담치의 채묘적기는 5월 중순경이라고 판단된다.