• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2023

Purpose: This study explored the values and attitudes toward the death of paramedic students. It comprehensively investigated paramedic students' first encounters with death during their clinical practice. Methods: Between December 2022 and January 2023, in-depth interviews were conducted with seven paramedic students who underwent clinical practice. Their experiences with death and grievances were explored by applying Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological research method. Results: After exploring and analyzing the collected data, the context and meaning of the phenomenon were integrated. Resultingly, five major categories and 16 subcategories were derived. Conclusion: Universities should introduce a practical curriculum on experiences with death to reduce the negative emotions associated with death that paramedic students experience during their clinical practice and convert them into opportunities for reflection and growth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.992-997
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• 2023

Ferroptosis is a new kind of programmed cell death of which occurrence in microorganisms is not clearly verified. The elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) influences cellular metabolisms through highly reactive hydroxyl radical formation under the iron-dependent Fenton reaction. Iron contributes to ROS production and acts as a cofactor for lipoxygenase to catalyze poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) oxidation, exerting oxidative damage in cells. While ferroptosis is known to take place only in mammalian cells, recent studies discovered the possible ferroptosis-like death in few specific microorganisms. Capacity of integrating PUFA into intracellular membrane phospholipid has been considered as a key factor in bacterial or fungal ferroptosis-like death. Vibrio species in bacteria and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fungi exhibited certain characteristics. Therefore, this review focus on introducing the occurrence of ferroptosis-like death in microorganisms and investigating the mode of action underlying the cells based on contribution of lipid peroxidation and iron-dependent reaction.

• 한국인구학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.15-59
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• 1992

After world war II Japanese life expectancy has been improved remarkably, and reached the highest level in the world around late 1970's. The life expectancy of Korean has also shown tremendous improvement in recent years with about 20 year's gap from the Japanese. The reason of rapid improvement of life expectancy can be explained by changes in the structure of cause of death due to health system, living standard, social welfare, health behavior of individuals and so on. Korean in Japan is placed under different situations from both Korean in Korea and Japanese in these regards, and expected to show different picture of cause of death pattern. The objective of this study is the comparision of changing patterns of cause of death of three population groups, Korean in Japan, Korean in Korea and Japanese, and to investigate the reasons which effect to the structural difference of mortality cause with special emphasis on health ecological aspects. One of the major limitations of the Korean causes of death statistics is the under-registration which ranges about 10% of the total events, and inaccuracy of the exact cause of death. Some 20% of registered deaths were unable to classify by ICD. However, it is concluded that the Korean data are evaluated as sufficient to stand for over-viewing of trends of cause of death pattern. The evaluation is done by comparing data from registration and field survey over the same population sample. Population data of Korean in Japan differ between two sources of data; census and foreigner's registration. Correction is done by life table method under the assumption that age-specific mortality pattern would accord with that of the Japanese. The crude death rate was lowest among Korean in Japan, 5.7 deaths per 1,000 population in 1965. The crude death rates of Korean in Japan and Japanese are increasing recently influenced by age structure while Korean in Korea still shows decreasing tendency. The adjusted death rate is lowest among Japanese, followed by Korean in Japan, and Korean in Korea. The leading causes of death of Korean in Korea until 1960's was infectious diseases including pneumonia and tuberculosis. The causes of death structure changed gradually to accidents, neoplasm, hypertensive disease, cerebro-vascular disease in order. The main difference in cause of death between Korean and Japanese if high rate of liver diseases and diabetes for both Korean in Japan and Korea. A special feature of cause of death among Korean in Korea is remakably high rate of hypertensive disease, which is assumed to be caused by physicians tendency in choosing diagnostic categories. The low ischemic heart disease and high vasculo-cerebral disease are the distinctive characteristic of the three population groups compared to western countries. Specific causes of death were selected for detailed sex, age and ethnic group comparisons based on their high death rates. Cancer is the cause of death which showed most dramatical increase in all three population groups. In Korea 20.1% of all death were caused by cancer in 1990 compared with 10.5% in 1981. Cancer of the liver is the leading cause of cancer death among Korean in Japan for both sexes, followed by cancer of the lung and cancer of the stomach, while that of Korean in Korea is cancer of the stomach, followed by cancer of the liver and cancer of the lung for male. Causes of infant mortality were examined among the three population groups since 1980 on yearly bases. For both Japanese and Korean in Japan, leading cause of death ranks as conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, accidents and other violent causes. Trends since 1980 for these two population groups in the leading cause of infant mortality showed no changes. On the contrary, significant changes in leading cause of death structure in Korea were observed : the ranking of leading cause of death in 1981 were congenital asnomalies, pneumonia bronchitis, infectious disease, heart disease, conditions originating in the perinatal period, accident and other violent causes ; in 1990 the ranking shifted to congenital anomalies, accident, pneumonia bronchities, conditions originating in the perinatal period, infectious disease. The mortality rate by congenital anomalies in Korea continuously grew than any other causes. Larger increase ocurred during the 1990's

• 한국신뢰성학회지:신뢰성응용연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2012

Successive and simultaneous sudden death tests are compared with the complete and Type II censored samples in terms of expected test duration and Total Time on Test(TTT) subject to the same number of failures in order to maintain the equal statistical precision under Weibull lifetime distribution with known shape parameter. Also, two sudden death tests under a proposed cost model are discussed and a numerical example is provided to illustrate the use of the proposed cost model.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 검시관과 응급실 간호사들의 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식과 죽음에 대한 태도를 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 본 연구는 전국의 검시관 44명과 일개 광역시의 응급실 간호사 56명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 자료수집기간은 2010년 10월 1일부터 2011년 2월 28일까지 실시되었다. 결과: 좋은 죽음에 대한 대상자 전체의 평균은 4점 만점에 2.98점이었으며 응급실 간호사는 2.95점, 검시관은 3.01점으로 검시관이 다소 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 죽음에 대한 태도에서는 대상자 전체 평균은 4점 만점에 2.72점으로 나타났으며 응급실 간호사는 2.61점, 검시관은 2.87점으로 검시관이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에 따른 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식과 죽음의 태도에서는 응급실간호사와 검시관 간의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과에서 검시관과 응급실 간호사가 인지하는 좋은 죽음과 죽음의 태도에 유의한 차이가 없는 것을 확인함으로써 죽음을 직면하는 상황보다는 죽음을 받아들이는 태도가 중요함을 확인하였으며, 죽음관련 교육에 대한 대상자의 높은 요구를 충족시키기 위해 죽음관련 교육의 기회를 확대하고 일회성이 아닌 연속적인 죽음관련 교육이 필요하다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 1969

A review has been made of mortality trends in Korea from 1958 to 1967 analyzing the data by sex, age and cause of death. The crude death rates and age specific death rates were estimated by the model of N. Keyfitz life table which had been developed by the data of the 1960's national census. The cause specific death rates shown in this article are based on the following: all deaths occurring in the death-registration are expressed as a numberator, while the denominator was estimated from the regular national census data by interpolation method. It is estimated that only an average of about 40% of deaths which occurred during a year were registered during 1958 to 1967. The validity and the reliability of the diagnosis of causes of death seem to be extremely poor in this country. Therefore the cause specific death rates in this article are aimed to reveal trends of causes of registered death ana not for the actual level of death rates. For 10 years very interesing mortality trends were observed : 1. The trend in the crude death rates was downward slowly. 2. The estimated death rate for the infant in 1960 was still high up to 100 per 1,000. 3. The rates for mortality attributed to such infectious diseases as pneumonia, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and measles decreased an average 40-60%. 4. The death rates for over-all tuberculosis decreased only 9.8%. 90% of the decrease was contributed by those in the less-than-15 year age group. 5. The death rates for chronic diseases, such as vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system, malignant neoplasm, major heart diseases and all accidents rose about 40-60%. 6. The rank order of the 10 leading causes of death showed large changes over the years, except for pneumonia and tuberculosis which occupyed 1st and 2nd places respectively. Vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system moved from 5th to 3rd place and malignant neoplasm from 6th to 4th place, The major heart diseases moved from 10th to 6th place and all accidents from 10th to 7th place. On tile other hand, gastroenteritis moved from 3rd to 5th place and influenja from 4th to 8th place.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.300-310
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• 2018

본 연구는 대학생들이 죽음학 강좌 수강 이전과 이후 웰다잉 인식과 결정이 어떻게 변화되었는가를 비교 연구하고자 한다. 대전광역시 소재 일개 대학교에서 죽음학 관련 교양강좌를 2016년 8월부터 12월까지 15주 동안 수강한 대학생 교육 전 93명, 교육 후 117명 대상으로 연구 참여 희망자에 한해 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문구성은 일반적인 특성은 성별, 연령, 학년, 전공, 결혼상태, 종교, 가족 동거여부, 건강상태 8항목이었다. 죽음의 인식 측면에 관한 4항목, 죽음의 수용 측면 5항목, 죽음의 결정 측면 7항목, 죽음 교육의 관심도와 중요도 12항목을 리커트 척도로 구성하였다. 통계 검정법으로는 카이제곱검정, 독립표본 t-검정, 의사결정나무 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과를 의사결정나무 토대로 종합해보면, 죽음 준비 시기가 죽음에 직면한 시기(암환자, 말기환자 등)와 노인(65세 이상)에서 교육 전이 66.7%로 나타났으나, 교육 후에는 성인과 중 고등학교, 초등학교 이하, 대학교, 대학원에서 교육 후가 65.3%로 나타났으며 이는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 죽음교육의 효과성과 죽음교육의 시기와 내용 등을 어떻게 구체화 시킬 것인가에 대한 방향 제시를 할 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 초 중 고등학교, 대학교에서의 죽음교육 실시에 대한 부정적인 시각과 우려를 해소하고 죽음 교육이 학생들의 삶에 태도 변화에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1204-1212
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• 1990

Recent social and medical developments have significantly changed both the concept of death and the criteria for its pronouncement. Instead of considering. the heart as central to the determination for death, it is now prevalent to use death of the brain as adequate for death regardless of cardiac function in most western countries. But the brain death theory is not yet legally accepted despite growing public interest in our country due mainly to customary and moral reasons. Subsequently heart transplantation, which necessitates the concept of brain death, still remains a possible surgical entity in the future. As a part of endeavor the evaluate social atmosphere for the legal acceptance of the concept of brain death and the availability of potential heart donors, a four-page questionnaire on brain death and cardiac transplantation was given to the sophomore students of a medical college in Seoul[n=116, group I] and their family members[n=83, group II ]. The groups were chosen under the assumptions that they lacked sophisticated medical knowledge but had general medical interest so reliable data could be obtained. The majority of respondents in both group I and II thought that they knew the concept of brain death[group I 99.1%, group II 93.3%] and the definition of heart transplantation[group I 94%, group II 67.6%] at least to some extent, but only a small proportion of them was proven to have correct knowledge: brain death[74.4%, group II 39. 8%], heart transplantation[group I 31.9%, group II 30.1%]. Most respondents answered in the affirmative for the legal approval of brain death[group I 87.8%, group Il 97.9%]. The possibility of medical usage of brain dead organs was the biggest reason for brain death[group I 52.9%, group Il 47.9%]. Ninety-one percent of group I and 89.1 percent of group II responded that they were willing to give permission for donating the heart of brain-dead family members. Fifty-nine percent of group I and 51.9 percent of group II wanted their own heart donated. These results suggest, despite some inherent sampling limitations, that favorable responses to brain death and heart transplantation can be obtained among the general public if they are properly informed.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.95-121
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국인이 가지고 있는 사생관의 정도를 실증적으로 탐색하고, 사생관의 주요 차원들인 내세관, 죽음불안, 죽음관여도, 자살억제의지 사이의 구조적 관계를 제시하며, 사생관의 각 차원에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전국 18세 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 수집된 2009년 한국종합사회조사(KGSS) 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 여성이 남성보다 내세지향성과 죽음관여도가 높았다. 둘째, 연령은 현세회귀성, 죽음불안, 죽음관여도, 자살억제의지 등 내세지향성을 제외한 모든 사생관 항목에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 연령이 높아질수록 현세회귀성과 죽음불안은 낮아지는 반면, 죽음관여도와 자살억제의지는 높아진다. 셋째, 한국인의 사생관의 형성과 가장 밀접히 관련이 있는 요인은 종교이다. 불교를 믿는 사람은 현세회귀성이 높고 개신교를 믿는 사람은 현세회귀성이 낮았다. 내세지향성과 관련해, 종교를 가진 사람이 그렇지 않은 사람에 비해 전반적으로 높은 내세지향성을 보였다. 특히 개신교를 믿는 사람들의 내세지향성이 두드러진다. 또한 개신교를 믿는 사람들은 높은 죽음불안 수준도 가지고 있었다. 넷째, 행복감과 사회적 관계는 죽음관여도와 자살억제의지에만 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 행복하다고 자주 느끼고 풍부한 사회적 연결망을 소유하고 있는 사람일수록 죽음에 대해 덜 생각하고 자살의 위험에 덜 노출되어 있었다. 본 연구는 마지막으로 향후 죽음이라는 개인적이면서 동시에 사회적인 현상을 올바로 이해하기 위해서는 사생관에 대한 보다 포괄적인 접근과 타당화된 도구의 개발을 통해 사생관차원간의 인과적인 관계를 밝혀낼 수 있는 연구설계가 필요함을 강조하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.507-521
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• 2017

목적: 본 연구에서는 부산지역 소재 유흥업소 여성종업원(룸살롱/바)을 대상으로 이들의 죽음에 대한 태도와 자살관련 요인들과의 관계를 조사하였다. 방법: 120명의 유흥업소 여성종업원을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문지는 죽음에 대한 태도에 관한 총 7개의 요인으로 구성되어있으며, 죽음해방인식, 죽음자연현상수용, 죽음공포, 죽음생각회피, 나의 죽음이 가족에게 주는 충격, 죽음생각빈도, 자살충동억제의지로 구분된다. 결과: 룸살롱 여성종업원들은 '월수입 만족도'가 높을수록 죽음에 대해 생각하는 빈도가 낮았으며, 자살충동억제의지가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 룸살롱 여성들의 '자살충동억제의지'에 유의미한 영향을 주는 요인은 '나의 죽음이 가족에게 주는 충격'과 '월수입 만족도'로 나타났다. 그러나 바 여성종업원들의 경우 '죽음해방인식' 요인만이 '자살충동억제의지'에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 조사되었다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 룸살롱 여성종업원들의 경우 '월수입 만족도'가 죽음에 대한 태도와 자살에 관한 생각을 정립하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보인다. 이처럼 개인이 가진 죽음에 대한 태도와 자살과의 관계를 이해하는 것은 어려운 상황에서 자살이라는 최악의 선택을 하지 않게끔 도울 수 있는 또 하나의 방법이 될 것이다.