• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2004

Objectives : Previous studies showed that death certification by physicians was an important predictor to improve the quality of death certificate data in South Korea. This study was conducted to examine the proportion of death certificates issued by physicians and associated factors in South Korea from 1990 to 2002. Methods : Data from 3,110,883 death certificates issued between 1990 and 2002, available to the public from the National Statistical Office of Korea, were used to calculate the proportion of death certificates issued by physicians and to examine associated factors with logistic regression analysis. Results : The overall proportion of death certificates issued by physicians increased from 44.6% in 1990 to 77.6% in 2002 (mean: 63.5%). However, the proportion was greatly influenced by the deceased's age. In 2002, more than 90% of the deceased aged 51 or less were certified by physicians. A higher proportion was found among deceased who had tertiary education (college or higher) living in more developed urban areas. Conclusion : The information regarding the cause of death for younger, well-educated deceased in urban areas of South Korea may show a higher level of accuracy. Epidemiologic research using information on causes of death may well benefit from the continually increasing proportion of death certificates issued by physicians in the future in South Korea.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of education of hospice for nurses on concern and coping about death and dying. Methods: The subjects of this study were 33 Korean nurses who participated in the education of hospice which consisted of lectures and practices for 5 months. Data were collected using questionnaire of concern and coping about Death and Dying. Data were analyzed with the mean, SDs and Wilcoxen test. Results: The mean score of concern about death and dying was 7.03. The highest items of concern about death and dying were 'thoughts of physical pain and being, 'thoughts of suffocating and choking, 'fear of darkness', The lowest items of concern about death and dying were. 'thoughts of burglars invading my possessions', 'rejection by God', thoughts of no one attending funeral', 'thoughts of no one paying respect or tribute', The mean score of coping about death and dying was 11.37. The highest items of coping about death and dying were 'call family member(s) into room and ask them ti sit close by, reminisce on happy events of the past, tell myself that there is nothing to be afraid of, look at family picture albums'. The lowest items of coping about death and dying were 'stay up stay up late till ready to fall asleep', 'look at family heirlooms', 'phone a prayer line', 'ask for a snack or something to drink'. In concern and coping about death and dying, significant differences were not found between pre and post test. But there was a tendency to decrease concern and increase coping about death and dying after education of hospice. Conclusion: According to these results, it is needed for nurses not only to do research for concern and coping about death and dying but also to develop an education program.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.405-413
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• 2019

Background Face transplantation has naturally evolved from reconstructive procedures. However, few institutions perform face transplantations, because it is time-consuming and it is necessary to justify non-vital organ transplantation. We investigated the process of organ donation from brain-dead patients and the possibility of incorporating face transplantation into the donation process. Methods A retrospective review was performed of 1,074 brain-dead patients from January 2015 to December 2016 in Korea. We analyzed the time intervals from admission to brain death decisions (first, second, and final), the causes of brain death, and the state of the transplanted organs. Results The patient base (n=1,074) was composed of 747 males and 327 females. The average period between admission to the first brain death decision was 8.5 days (${\pm}15.3$). The average time intervals between the first brain death decision and medical confirmation using electroencephalography and between the first brain death decision and the final determination of brain death were 16 hours 58 minutes (${\pm}14hours$ 50 minutes) and 22 hours 57 minutes (${\pm}16hours$ 16 minutes), respectively. The most common cause of brain death was cerebral hemorrhage/stroke (42.3%), followed by hypoxia (30.1%), and head trauma (25.2%). Conclusions When face transplantation is performed, the transplantation team has 22 hours 57 minutes on average to prepare after the first brain death decision. The cause of brain death was head trauma in approximately one-fourth of cases. Although head trauma does not always imply facial trauma, surgeons should be aware that the facial tissue may be compromised in such cases.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.100-110
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• 2017

목적: 본 연구는 우리나라 사람들이 인지하고 있는 존엄한 죽음의 의미를 참여자의 관점에서 있는 그대로 탐구하여 확인하고 기술함으로써 그 구조와 본질을 규명하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 현상학적 분석방법을 적용한 질적 연구로 본 연구의 참여자들은 연령대와 성별을 고려한 일반인으로 총 13명이었다. 자료수집은 참여자와 개별적 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌으며, 자료분석은 Colaizzi(1978)의 현상학적 분석방법을 이용하였다. 결과: 우리나라 사람들이 인지하는 존엄한 죽음은 4개의 범주와 9개의 주제모음 및 18개의 주제로 구조화할 수 있었다. 4개의 범주는 '편안한 죽음', '보기 좋은 죽음', '해결하고 죽는 죽음', '남긴 죽음'이었고, 9개의 주제모음은 '고통 없는 죽음', '자연에 순응하는 죽음', '흉하지 않은 죽음', '좋은 회상을 남기는 죽음', '원하는 방식으로 죽는 죽음', '주변을 정리한 죽음', '응어리를 풀고 가는 죽음', '잘 살고 죽는 죽음', '인정받는 죽음'이었다. 결론: 우리나라 사람들이 의미하는 존엄한 죽음은 고통 없이 편안하게 죽으면서 다른 사람에게 피해를 주지 않고 남아 있는 삶 동안 모든 일을 해결하고 가족을 포함한 다른 사람과의 관계 속에서 좋은 이미지로 남아야 하는 것으로 나타나 우리나라 사람들의 존엄한 죽음을 위하여 임종을 앞둔 대상자의 호스피스 간호에 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2017

본 연구는 보건계열 대학생들의 죽음인식 태도와 관련 요인을 조사하여 죽음의 태도에 대한 기초자료로 활용하고자, 2015년 12월 1일부터 30일까지 G지역 대학생 314명을 대상으로 조사하였다. 분석결과 죽음인식 수준은 2.04점으로 보통수준이며, 평균점수는 고통불안 2.49점, 죽음불안 1.95점, 내세불안 1.86점으로 나타났다. 죽음인식 하위영역은 연령, 학년, 건강상태, 생활정도에서 유의한 차이를 보였다. 고통불안, 죽음불안, 내세불안은 각각 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 여성은 죽음불안과 내세불안에 영향을 미치며, 2학년은 고통불안과 내세불안, 건강상태는 고통불안, 생활정도는 고통불안, 죽음불안, 내세불안에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 죽음이 현실과는 멀게만 느껴져 죽음에 대한 두려움이 크지 않았다. 그러나 죽음에 대한 올바른 인식은 보다 평화로운 죽음으로 이끌 수 있으며, 현재의 삶을 더욱 보람되게 살 수 있다. 죽음과는 거리가 먼 대학생들에게도 의미 있는 삶을 살아갈 수 있도록 죽음 준비교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

The objective of this research is to provide the basic material for effective hospice care by analyzing the recognition of families who have terminally ill patients over death. To do so, this research is designed to investigate the general tendency toward death and changes after hospice care. To analyse the initial status of the recognition about the death, questionnaires were provided to the families of the terminally ill patients who were taken hospice care from June 1st, 2005 to September 10th, 2005 at Saemmul Hospice. The same questionnaires were distributed to research some changes of the recognition of the death after 3 weeks. As the Data Analysis Methodology, SPSS v.10.0 statistics program were utilized. The summary of this research is as follows. First, by gender, it is analyzed that women have more fear than men in terms of incompetence sense after death. By religion, Christians have less fear than other religious people in terms of fear toward after death and general sense of death. Second, those who experienced deaths of close family members, relatives, friends for the past 3 years have more fear toward the moment of death than those who did not experience it. Third, statistically valid difference was found in terms of fear toward the moment of death, fear toward incompetence, fear toward after death, and fear toward death before and after the hospice care was taken. Based on the result of this research, terminally ill patients' families facing death have shown significant differences on fear and incompetence before and after hospice care was offered. It is necessary that the hospice care should be settled more professionally by expanding the opportunities of hospice care and institutionalizing the system. In addition, hospice activities which are focused on providing hope after death and facing death with dignity and peace should be expanded increasingly as the family members who experienced deaths showed higher degree of fear and powerlessness and Christians have less fear toward death with the help of biblical influence. It is also required that hospice care specialized in recognizing the importance of terminal cancer patients and their families at the same time.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explore and classify the types of the attitude on a good death of nurses in long-term care hospitals. Q-methodology, which is effective in scientifically measuring individual subjectivity, was used. 151 Q-population were selected through the processes of review of research articles, newspaper articles and interviews. 34 Q-sample were selected from the 151 Q-population and 27 nurses in long-term care hospitals were invited as the P sample. The result of the Q-sort was analyzed using PC QUANL Program. The types of attitude on a good death of nurses in long-term care hospitals was categorized into three. 1) Death in supportive environment 2) a comfortable death in real life 3) Dignity guaranteed death By identifying 3 attitude patterns toward a good death of long-term hospital nurses, this study provides an opportunity for their reflection and recognition toward a good death based on this result and suggests to think about ways to improve the quality of nursing in the current increasing long-term hospitals.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.262-270
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to examine the effects of death anxiety and meaning of life on somatization of grandparents raising grandchildren. Methods: A convenience sample of 92 elderly grandparents raising grandchildren was recruited. The study instrument for death anxiety was the 5-point 15 items scale designed by Templer and translated by Ko, Choi, & Lee and for meaning of life, the 7-point 10-items scale by Steger, Frazier, Oishi & Kaler and translated by Won, Kim & Kwon. For somatization, the 5-point 12 items scale designed by Derogatis and translated by Kim, Kim & Won was used. Collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation and regression using the SPSS 21.0 program. Results: Average scores were 3.55 for death anxiety, 3.43 for meaning of life, and 2.74 for somatization. Death anxiety had the highest positive correlation with somatization. Meaning of life was negatively correlated with death anxiety and somatization. Death anxiety and health status were shown to influence somatization but meaning of life was not shown to influence somatization. Conclusion: The research results indicate that death anxiety and health status influence somatization in grandparents raising grandchildren. These results also provide basic information on the importance of nursing interventions in which the variables influencing somatization in grandparents raising grandchildren are considered.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4220-4228
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• 2014

본 연구는 죽음준비교육 프로그램을 실시하여 대학생들의 죽음에 대한 태도와 자살생각, 삶의 의미에 미치는 효과를 분석하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구대상자는 실험집단 11명과 통제집단 13명이며 실험집단을 대상으로 2014년 3월 4일부터 4월 24일까지 주 1회씩 8회의 죽음준비교육을 실시하여 통제집단과 사전. 사후검사 점수 차이를 비교하여 효과를 파악하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 비모수 통계방법인 $x^2$ test, Mann-Whitney U 검증, Wilcoxon rank 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과 죽음준비교육 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 참여하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 죽음에 대한 태도와 삶의 의미에 유의미한 차이를 보였으나 자살생각은 두 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.513-522
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and understand nurses' experiences of the death of patients in geriatric hospitals. Methods: Van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological analysis was applied in the interpretation of experiential descriptions of seven nurses who had experienced the death of patients in a geriatric hospital. Results: The essential subjects derived from the experience of the nurses on the death of patients in a geriatric hospital are covered in the following 7 themes. 'Placed in death site', 'Difficult repetition of death and farewell', 'Emotional waves that rushes in after farewell', 'Dilemmas in a place with no preparation to greet expected death', 'Getting dull from continually being struck with sorrow', 'Being together with living death', and 'Showing courtesy for a good farewell and living well'. Conclusion: The results of this research will contribute to the development of policy on all the deaths of patients in geriatric hospitals and suggest basic data that need to be applied in real practice and directions to introduce plans for realistic improvements in nursing care of deathbed patients in geriatric hospitals.