• 한국전통조경학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 이탈리아 르네상스 정원의 조영배경, 입지 및 공간구성특성 구명에 있어 주요한 역할을 점유하고 있는 빌라 란테의 정원건축적 특성을 구명하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 연구를 위한 조사는 문헌조사와 현지조사로 구분하여 이루어졌으며, 자세한 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조영의 경우 16세기 초 비테르보(Viterbo)의 교구장인 라파엘레 리아레오(Raffaele Reareo), 옥타비아노 비스콘티(Ottaviano Visconti)에 의해 빌라 조영이 시작되었으며, 이후 추기경 니콜로 리돌피(Niccolo Ridolfi)에 의해 수로가 건설되고, 1574년 추기경 감바라(Gambara), 몬탈토(Montalto)에게 소유권을 넘겨진 이후 카지노 등 주요 정원요소들이 완성되었다. 이후 란테 가문에 의해 교황청과의 임대, 소유권 인정 이전 등에 과정을 거친 후 현재에 이르고 있다. 둘째, 입지의 경우 도심에 위치하는 우르바나 성격을 가지며, 지형조건과 주변 경관과의 관계에서는 도심의 중앙광장과 강한 시선 축을 형성하며, 주변 자연환경을 빌라 및 정원의 통합적 시계 내에 포함시켜 건물과 수림대, 동적인 수공간 요소와의 연계성을 형성하고 있다. 셋째, 공간구성의 경우 고대 신화의 상징적 이미지와 피에트로 데 크레센지(Pietro de Crescenzi)의 데 루러리움 코모도런 리브리(Liber ruralium commodorum libri), 수학적 이론에 근거한 신 플라톤의 비례법칙 등을 기반으로 카지노를 중양축의 양쪽으로 분리해서 위치하게 하고, 축을 공간구성의 중심으로 삼아 정원을 빌라의 부속이 아닌 독립된 하나의 요소로 다루고 있으며, 노단을 이용한 카지노와 정원, 수림대, 주변 경관의 통합적 시계구조를 구현하였다. 넷째, 구성요소 중 식생의 경우 상층식재로는 플라타너스, 소나무, 감탕나무 등이, 하층식재로는 서양호랑 가시나무, 회양목, 장미 등이 비중이 높게 나타나고 있음을 파악할 수 있었으며, 건조물의 경우 주거기능의 카지노, 노단, 로지아 등이, 수경관으로는 분수, 캐스케이드, 벽천, 샘 등이, 점경물로는 해시계, 의자, 전망대 등이 나타나고 있었다.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 1998

The effects of chemical composition and thermal cycling on the martensitic transformation characteristics in Cu-rich, equiatomic and Zr-rich CuZr binary alloys have been studied by calorimetry. Only martensite could be indentified in equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy, while $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ intermetallic compounds as well as martensite were formed by rapid cooling from the melts in Cu-rich $Cu_{52.2}Zr_{47.5}$ alloy and Zr-rich $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloy, respectively. The $M_s$ temperature of $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ was $156^{\circ}C$ but those of $Cu_{52.5}Zr_{47.5}$ and $Cu_{48.4}Zr_{51.6}$ alloys, being $109^{\circ}C$ and $138^{\circ}C$, were lower than that of equiatomic $Cu_{49.9}Zr_{50.1}$ alloy. In all the alloys, the $M_s$ temperature has fallen but the $A_s$ temperature has risen, resulting in widening of the transformation hysteresis with thermal cycling. The anomalous characteristics in the transformation temperature are due to the presence of the intermetallic compounds i.e. $Cu_{10}Zr_7$ and $CuZr_2$ formed by an eutectoid reaction during thermal cycling in the temperature range between $-100^{\circ}C$ < $T_c$ < $400^{\circ}C$.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 2017

The design of reinforced concrete structures strongly depends on the value of the compression concrete strength used for the structural components. Given the uncertainties involved on the materials quality provided by concrete manufacturers, in the construction stage, these components may be either over or under-reinforced respect to the nominal condition. If the structure is under reinforced, and the deficit on safety level is not as large to require the structure demolition, someone should assume the consequences, and pay for the under standard condition by means of a penalty. If the structure is over reinforced, and other failure modes are not induced, the builder may receive a bonus, as a consequence of the higher, although unrequested, building resistance. The change on the building safety level is even more critical when the structure is under a seismic environment. In this research, a reliability-based criteria, including the consideration of expected losses, is proposed for bonification/penalization, when there are moderated differences between the supplied and specified reinforced concrete strength for the buildings. The formulation is applied to two hypothetical, with regular structural type, 3 and 10 levels reinforced concrete buildings, located on the soft soil zone of Mexico City. They were designed under the current Mexican code regulations, and their responses for typical spectral pseudoaccelerations, combined with their respective occurrence probabilities, are used to calculate the building failure probability. The results are aimed at providing objective basis to start a negotiation towards a satisfactory agreement between the involved parts. The main contribution resides on the explicit consideration of potential losses, including the building and contents losses and the business interruption due to the reconstruction period.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 2004

The female image has been changed incessantly with age and has been eminently represented in cosmetic advertisement. The female images are changed from the classical images to the active and professional images with the historical current of cyber, digital, and fusion. These changes in the expression of female image are largely due to the spread of post-modernism, feminism, de-construction (Kim, 1994), digital information revolution, and increase of income. The female images in cosmetic advertisement have been expressed very variously with fashion, marketing target, and characteristics of articles. (Im, 1997) The cosmetic advertisements of pure and graceful images were popular in the past. But nowadays individual image, womanly image, and unchanged beautiful image are in vogue. Individual image is very popular in young generation with very short fashion period. Active career woman image represents passion and beauty with extension of women' social roles. Unchanged beautiful image in modern industrial pollution stands for the desire of keeping the beauty in youth. Brand is very important factor to consumers in purchasing. Brand is no larger the simple concept in the past, and accepted as reflection of the image, social status, service, and life-style(Lee, 1998) consumers are very favorable to foreign cosmetics with the increase of overseas travels and import. This phenomenon is considered as very natural, especially in young generation. To create a successful brand image, the harmony of quality, psychological preference, advertisement, and reasonable price are required. According to the questionnaire research implemented by the subject of college women students in five universities in Seoul, the majority of college women students purchase domestic cosmetic brands in cosmetic specialty stores and depend on the tips of acquaintances. Quality, skin-trouble, and brand are considered as special regards for purchasing. Especially, internet shopping in purchasing marks high growth rate and preference for foreign cosmetics is very ardent. It can be expected that the 21st century is the epoch of various small production different from the mass-production in the 20th century. Female image will be probably expressed with individual, emotional, and professional image in the media of digital, fusion, cyber, and technology culture. It can be said that the tendency of cosmetic purchasing in the future will be more focused on brand image and life style.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.1-17
• /
• 2006

This study emphasizes users' participation, a living-transforming visuality, as users have appeared to be a central element of landscape design but ignored before. Also this study tries to propose meaning of extended visuality in contemporary landscape design on the basis of visual criticism on simple perception-and contemplations convention-based landscape design. For these purposes, this study reviews characteristics of visual changes appeared in modern reductionist paintings. In other words, arts can be interpreted in polysemous ways through bodies' experience. Deconstructive concepts derived from the theoretical reviews can be categorized into three including the participation of the users' bodies from a contemplative point of view, textuality and intertextuality, and experiences from works. Those concepts were used to criticize the previous discourse on landscape designs and to analyze various issues in the theories, themes and techniques in contemporary landscape design. The significance of the expanded visuality in contemporary landscape design is that it brings the users' voluntary participation. This structure can serve as a tool to obtain the users' perceptive effects. At the same time, it can be regarded as a process of establishing the relationships between the users and the works. Thus emphasis is placed not only on the influences of the effects structure of the works themselves, but also on the many different dimensions related to the users' bodies. It implies that the meaning of design is not determined by the designer but a product resulted from the voluntary relationships between users and works. These findings lead to ambiguous distinctions between arts everyday life, and eventually to the end of the concepts of formative dichotomous aesthetics and their effectiveness. Finding of this study call for not only redefining the space where landscape design is created and communicated, but also reconsidering the concepts of landscape design and its ontological meanings.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2006

본 논문은 중학교 평면 논증기하를 원론 교육적 입장에서 분석 고찰한 것이다. 이를 위하여 먼저 'Euclid 원론'에 따른 고전적 원론 교육을 목적, 내용, 방법의 측면에서 분석하고 그 역사를 개관하였다. 이어 고전적 원론 교육에 대한 비판적 논의를 고찰하고 Clairaut의 '기하학 원론'과 Branford의 역사-발생적 기하 교육론을 중심으로 역사-발생적 기하 원론 교육을 목적, 내용, 방법의 측면에서 분석하였다. 그리고 이러한 분석과 근세 이후 기하교과서의 변천과정에 비추어 현재의 중학교 논증기하 교재의 기본가정을 분석하고, 그 내용 및 체제를 가설적 작도, 정리의 제시순서, 증명진술 방법, 정의제시 방법, 연습문제로 나누어 분석하였다. 마지막으로 이러한 논의를 바탕으로, 현 중학교 기하교재의 기본적 관점을 탐색하고 두 원론의 상보적 통합 방안을 모색하였다.

• 복식
• /
• 제52권5호
• /
• pp.91-107
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the experimental design by using deconstructive design and mobile design depicted on Hussein Chalayan' works. Hussein Chalayan, the Turkish-Cypriot who is based in London, says' Challenging is the best word for me'. And so word, 'radical' that has difficult connotations was chosen for this study It implies two menainigs for the word. The first thing is "extreme" - something that is drastic. And 'Applied to clothes', it can probably mean "experimental". He has iconoclastic ideas and his ramp shows are always high on concept, experimentation of art and utility. His approach to fashion derives from philosophical and intellectual theories of deconstruction and mobility, which he expresses through his designs. Deconstructionism, in fashion, rejects customary rules and breaks all conventions. It questions aesthetic norms about bodily proportions and the criteria of beauty, emphasizes the adding on, or discovery of, an irrational moment, and reveals the processes of tailoring in clothing. The shape and the construction of the garment is more important than the color. Cuts. tears, asymmetries, matching different materials are among the most evident features of the deconstructive design. And Chalayan performed the mobile design of transforming furniture into clothes. Chair covers became dresses. a coffee table became a skirt which were designed by Chalayan, with geometric and architectural references. Chalayan says he was inspired by the idea of refugees fleeing. Besides Chalayan uses clothing as an art to reinterpret and reform the human body in a continuous tour de force of body/identity conceptualism and dressmaking. He reflect the body's function in the cultural context of architecture, science, or nature - and then attempt to translate his findings into clothing.dings into clothing.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.771-794
• /
• 2015

This paper proposes an innovative method for selection of measurement sets in static parameter identification of concrete or steel bridges. This method is proved as a systematic tool to address the first steps of Structural System Identification procedures by observability techniques: the selection of adequate measurement sets. The observability trees show graphically how the unknown estimates are successively calculated throughout the recursive process of the observability analysis. The observability trees can be proved as an intuitive and powerful tool for measurement selection in beam bridges that can also be applied in complex structures, such as cable-stayed bridges. Nevertheless, in these structures, the strong link among structural parameters advises to assume a set of simplifications to increase the tree intuitiveness. In addition, a set of guidelines are provided to facilitate the representation of the observability trees in this kind of structures. These guidelines are applied in bridges of growing complexity to explain how the characteristics of the geometry of the structure (e.g. deck inclination, type of pylon-deck connection, or the existence of stay cables) affect the observability trees. The importance of the observability trees is justified by a statistical analysis of measurement sets randomly selected. This study shows that, in the analyzed structure, the probability of selecting an adequate measurement set with a minimum number of measurements at random is practically negligible. Furthermore, even bigger measurement sets might not provide adequate SSI of the unknown parameters. Finally, to show the potential of the observability trees, a large-scale concrete cable-stayed bridge is also analyzed. The comparison with the number of measurements required in the literature shows again the advantages of using the proposed method.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.439-447
• /
• 2018

The structural behaviors of cylindrical barns as a specific engineering structure have been considered as a complicated computing process. The structure design against the earthquake load, to protect by using the code, is an urgency avoiding unexpected damages. The situation has been subjected to the applied design method if there would be no failure across the construction procedures. The purpose of the current study is to clarify the behaviors of cylindrical reinforced concrete barns through the analytic methods across the mass and Lagrangian approaches through the whole outcomes comparison indicating that the isoparametric element obtained from the Lagrangian approach has been successfully applied in the barns earthquake analysis when the slosh effects have been discarded. The form of stress distributions is equal with $s_z$ closed distributions to one another.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.993-997
• /
• 2009

모더니즘 시대의 디자인은 효율성과 기능성을 중심으로 사물과 기기의 표준화를 목표로 제작되었으며 생산보다 소비가 많았던 산업 시대에서 디자인 수용자의 의지는 소비의 대상으로서의 역할에 한정되어졌다. 그러나 포스트모더니즘 시대 이후 디지털 환경에서 디자인 수용자는 단지 주어진 것만을 수동적으로 수용하지 않고 적극적인 개입을 하고 능동적인 관리를 할 수 있도록 변화됨으로 디자인 수용과정에 우상화, 관여, 조율, 조작, 흉내 등의 전유행위를 수반하게 된다. 앞으로의 디자인은 전문가들만이 생성하고 관리하는 체계에서 벗어나 수용자들과 함께 협업하는 상황으로 변화되고, 수용자의 다양한 전유 형태는 디자인 생산물을 둘러싼 제작 방법, 배포 행위 등의 디자인 제반 환경을 변동시킬 것이다. 이에 디자인 수용자들의 전유 행위를 동일화, 해체화, 재의미화 등으로 구분하여 고찰함으로써 제작자와 수용자간의 원활한 인식을 통해 획일화, 구조화에 저항하는 수용자들의 문화 환경 변화를 읽어 효과적인 디자인 제작 행위를 유도하고자 한다.