• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.496-503
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• 2021

한반도 남해안 지역의 여름철 대기 안정도 특성을 분석함으로써, 한반도 특성에 맞는 강수 예측을 위한 대기 안정도 지수의 정량적인 임계값을 도출하고자 하였다. 보성 표준기상관측소에서 관측한 2019년도 여름철 라디오존데 집중관측자료를 분석에 사용하였으며, 총 관측자료는 243개 이다. 강수 유무 및 중규모 대기 현상에 대한 대기 안정도를 분석하기 위해서, 대류가용잠재에너지(Convective Available Potential Energy, CAPE)와 폭풍지수(Storm Relative Helicity, SRH)를 비교하였으며 특히 SRH 분석은 고도 별로 총 4개의 층으로(0-1, 0-3, 0-6, 0-10 km) 세분화하였다. 강수 유무에 따른 분석은 강수가 없는 경우, 강수발생 전 12시간, 강수 발생 시로 구분하여 수행하였다. 그 결과, 2019년도 보성에서 발생한 여름철 강수 예측에는 CAPE 보다 SRH가 더 적합하며 0-6 km SRH가 약한 토네이도가 발생가능한 기준과 같은 150 m² s^-2 이상일 경우 강수가 발생한 것으로 분석 된다. 또한, 장마와 태풍 기간의 대기 안정도를 분석한 결과를 보면, 일반적으로 SRH는 대기 깊이가 두꺼워 질수록 값이 커지는 데 반해서 0-10 km SRH 평균값 보다 0-6 km 의 SRH 값이 더 크게 나타났다. 따라서, 2019년도 보성에서 발생한 태풍에 의한 강수를 판별하는 데는 0-6 km 의 SRH 값이 더 효과적이라고 할 수 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권5_3호
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• pp.933-948
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• 2023

대기 중 에어로졸은 인체에 악영향을 끼칠 뿐 아니라 기후 시스템에도 직간접적인 영향을 미치므로 에어로졸의 특성과 시공간적인 분포에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 위성기반 관측을 통해 에어로졸 광학 두께(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)를 산출하여 에어로졸을 모니터링하는 다양한 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 하지만 이는 주로 조견표를 활용한 역 산출 알고리즘에 기반하여 이루어지기 때문에 많은 계산량을 요구하며 불확실성이 존재한다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II)의 대기상한반사도와 30일 동안의 대기상한반사도 중 최솟값과 관측 시점 값의 차이 값, 수치 모델 기반 기상학적 변수 등을 활용하여 기계학습 기반 고해상도 AOD 직접 산출 알고리즘을 개발하였다. Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) 기법이 사용되었으며, 추정된 결과는 지상 관측 자료인 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD를 활용하여 랜덤, 시간 및 공간별 N-fold 교차검증을 통해 검증되었다. 세 가지 교차검증 결과 R²=0.70-0.80, RMSE=0.08-0.09, 기대오차(Expected Error, EE) 안에 있는 비율은 75.2-85.1% 수준으로 안정적인 성능을 보였다. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) 분석에서는 반사도 관련 변수들이 기여도의 상위권 대부분을 차지하고 있는 것을 통해 반사도 자료가 AOD 추정에 많은 기여를 하는 것을 확인하였다. 서울과 울산 지역에 대한 시간 별 AOD의 공간 분포를 분석한 결과, 개발된 LGBM 모델은 시간의 흐름에 따라 AERONET AOD 값과 유사한 수준으로 AOD를 추정하고 있었다. 이를 통해 높은 시공간 해상도(i.e., 시간별, 250 m)에서의 AOD 산출이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한, 산출 커버리지 비교에서 LGBM 모델의 평균 산출 빈도가 GOCI-II L2 AOD 산출물 대비 8.8%가량 증가한 것을 통해 기존 물리모델기반 AOD 산출 과정에서 발생하던 밝은 지표면에 대한 과도한 마스킹의 문제점을 개선시킨 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 1997

In this study, I made researches of 510 mothers who breed their infants in total (256 boys & 254 girls), among which 410 in urban area and 100 in the rural area, as an object of the investigation so as to make an intensive examination and analysis of the actual state of feeding nutritive method, grasp several related factors, and finally suggest the elementary data for both campaign encouraging breast feeding and the infant feeding education. 1. Mothers showed the meaningful local differences as in an education and income level at 1% and as in a delivery type at 5%. 2. To have decided the feeding conditions according to the residences by the Kaup index distribution (P<0.05) resulted in a meaningful difference according to regions and also made us be more thoughtful of the overnutrition in the urban area than in the rural area, and it didn't showed a meaningful difference the nutritive state according to the infant feeding method thought desirable (P<0.01). 3. The feeding methods consist of breast feeding at 21.8%, artificial feeding at 48.8%, and the mixed one at 29.4%. As for the feeding method thought desirable, breast feeding was 52%. Even though they were thinking that breast feeding is better, the breast feeding case didn't go beyond 32.5% only and as for the actual feeding methods it showed a meaningful difference according to the feeding method thought desirable (P<0.01). 4. Regarding the reasons why they chose breast milk, it was 64%, the most because mother's milk contains the immune system, 63.1% for the baby's health, 52.3% because of its most because breast milk is of little quantity, 37.8% because of the mother's occupation, 14.1% because they have fed the baby artificially from the beginning and so on. Considering the reasons why they chose the mixed feeding, it was 70.7%, the most because the amount of breast milk a little, 27.3%, the next one, because of the mother's occupation and so on. 5. The respondents who answered that how to increase the number of breast feeding population depends on the reinforcement of breast feeding education for the women were 190 (37.3%), the most among all 150 persons and those who had the opinion that they should spread and actualize the temporary childcare rest (from office) system for the women who have jobs were the secondly most, 107 (21%).

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

화산회토(火山灰土)인 제주도(濟州道) 토양(土壤)에 있어서 지대별(地帶別) 토지이용(土地利用)에 화학적(化學的) 특성변화(特性變化)를 고찰(考察)하였다. 1960년대(年代) 초(初)부터 농경지(農耕地)가 중산간지방(中山間地方)으로 급격(急激)하게 증대(增大)되어 가고 있으나 대부분은 농경지(農耕地)가 해안지방(海岸地方)에 분포(分布)되어 있기 때문에 경작지(耕作地)가 오래된 해안지방(海岸地方) 토양(土壤)일수록 pH, 염기포화도유효인산(有效燐酸), 치환성(置換性) Ca, Mg 및 K함량(含量)이 높으며, 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 양(陽)이온치환용량(置換容量)은 낮아지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 전국평균(全國平均) 비교(比較)하여 유기물함량(有機物含量) 및 양(陽)이온치환용량(置換容量)이 매우 높으며 치환량(置換量) Ca, Mg, K 등(等)도 높은데 반(反)하여 유효인산(有效燐酸) 염기포화도는 극(極)히 낮았다. 총염기중 1가(價) 양(陽)이온이 차지하는 비율(比率)이 비교적(比較的) 높은데, 이는 해안지방(海岸地方)에서 산간지방(山間地方)으로 올라갈수록 높아지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 따라서 해안지방(海岸地方)의 토양(土壤) pH가 높은 것은 해풍(海風)의 영향에 의(依)한 것이라 보다, 오랜 경작(耕作)과 더불어 석회시용(石灰施用)이나 용성인시(熔成燐施)와 같은 염기성시료의 다량(多量) 시용(施用)에 의(依)한 것임을 알 수 있다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 중첩성 뇌전증을 발견하고, 처음 기록된 30분 뇌파 패턴을 통하여 경련 가능성을 알아보고자 한다. 국제표준 10~20법을 통하여 전극을 부착하였다. 2014년 1월부터 2015년 12월까지 중환자실에 입원한 경련 의심 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 뇌파의 패턴은 주기적 방전파, 전반적 주기적 방전파, 버스트 억제파, 초점 뇌전증파, 비대칭 배경파, 전반적 서파, 삼상성 형태의 일반화 된 주기적 방전파 등 7 가지 범주로 분류하였다. 원인별 분류는 5가지 범주로 구분하였다. 전체 128명 중 평균 나이는 $56.9{\pm}17.5$였고, 남:여 비율은 74:54명이였다. 평균 뇌파검사 기간은 $5.5{\pm}5.1$일 이었고 최장 33일 이였다. 주기적 방전파(N=7), 전반적 주기적 방전파(N=10), 버스트 억제파(N=6), 초점 뇌전증파(N=19), 비대칭 배경파(N=24), 전반적 서파(N=51), 3상 형태의 일반화 된 주기적 방전파(N=11)이었다. 중첩성 뇌전증 환자의 원인은 원발성 증상성(N=4), 급성원발성 증상성(N=9), 급성 증상성(N=6), 진행성 뇌병증(N=2), 열성경련(N=1)이었다. 지속적 뇌파모니터링 검사는 중첩성 뇌전증을 발견하는데 유용한 검사이고, 뇌파 패턴을 통하여 경련 발생 유무를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.15-36
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• 1996

It is clear that the women's participation in social activity is dramatically increased in civilian field as well as military profession. Because of the characteristics of military nursing service, there are many difficulties. Frequent move, medical insurance, baby care. and the education are typical forms of difficulties for nurse officers in the military. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the perfect execution of nursing service. guarantee the active attitude for research and improve the combat strength by solving those private and economic problems. The method of research was analysis of question survey and the review of related literatures. The subject of research was 300 active nurse officers who work at the Army Hospitals. The survey was conducted 14 days from Oct 15 to Oct 28. The collected data was processed by computer using SPSS(Statistical Package of Social Science). Frequencies and percentages were used to examine the demographic characteristics of subject, and T-test was also used in the case of necessity. The result showed as follows; As the general characteristics of subject group; 28.7 years of average age, 73.6 months of service period, 63.4% of married. In regard of specialty; General 57.7%. Intensive Care 12.7% and Psychiatries 8.8%. The dissatisfactory factors about military welfare system were the difficulties in children education (36.9%). disadvantages on the civil medical insurance system (27.3%), and little chance of self education and development (21.5%). The problems in performing their duties were shown as dwelling instability due to frequent move (67.7%), and bring up children (14.2%). The reasons for resigning their job were shown as the instability of living status (64.2%), bring up children (18.8%) and dissatisfaction to the service (11.2%). The residential status was shown that military offered houses (45.2%), rental houses (29.3%) and own houses(14.64). The average numbers of moving residencies were; 3-4 time(34.6%), less than 2 times(33.1%), and 5-7 times(21.5%). Higher than 94.7% of the subject group spent more than 50.000 Won. In regard of education, they wanted to attend graduate school with their own expense(26.2%), computer science(20%) and Office Job Training(20%). The ways of taking care of children were mother-in-low(49.6%), mother(14.6%), and others(25%). The average expenditure per month for children were 20-30 hundred Won(44.2%), 10-20 hundred Won(25%) and 30-40 hundred Won(22.3%). The places of children care selected were public or occupational care center(56.2%), religious organization(20.8%), and other center managed by social organizations(10.4%). The result of survey for general welfare of nurse officers are as follows; By and large they seem to be satisfied with their job. however. there are some dissatisfactory factors. They are children care facilties, promotion. income. welfare facilities. disadvantage in medical insurance and civil hospitals. house purchase. unfair chances in specialty training. influence on promotion by educational status. and insufficient role for their children and husbands. As conclusion. the recommendations for improving nursing service are as follows; 1. Children care center managed by occupation 2. Dormitory system for children by military personnel 3. Equal opportunities in education according to ability 4. Reasonable moving price according to the distance and scope of family and extra allowance

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.925-935
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• 2007

제주도는 현무암과 조면암으로부터 기원한 투수성 높은 토양으로 인하여 지표수 유입에 따른 상시하천 발달이 어려워, 용수의 대부분을 지하수에 의존하고 있다. 이에 따른 무분별한 지하수 개발은 지하수위 강하로 이어져, 제주도내 많은 지역에서 지하수 오염과 해수침투 현상이 나타나고 있다. 제주특별자치도는 제주도의 항구적인 지하수자원 보전을 위하여 1994년 이래 일부 지역을 지하수 보전구역으로 지정하였으며, 이 지역내의 모든 지하수 개발은 허가를 받도록 지정한 바 있다. 또한 지하수 수문과 관련된 수리지질 정보 획득을 위하여, 2001년 이래로 제주도 내 해안지역 및 저지대 전체를 대상으로 지하수 관측망을 설치 운영 중이다. 본 연구에서 이러한 지하수 관측망으로부터 얻어진 지하수위, 수온, 전기전도도 등 장기 관측자료를 분석한 결과, 북부 해안지역의 경우 지하수위가 지속적으로 하강하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동부 해안지역의 경우는 최근 취수량의 급격한 증가에 따른 해수침투의 영향으로, 대부분의 관측정에서 전기전도도가 높게 나타나며 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 추세로 분석되었다. 이러한 문제점들은 지하수 개발과 관련하여 제주특별자치도의 강력한 통제로 인하여 최근들어 감소하는 추세이지만, 본 연구 결과에 의하면 해안지역의 경우에는 지하수위 하강 및 전기전도도 상승 현상이 지속될 것으로 판단된다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2016

In order to assess the level of contamination and identify the priority contaminants in the Busan coast, intensive sediment sampling was conducted and persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals were analyzed. The Sediment Quality Index (SQI) was derived based on the contaminant data by comparing with Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) established in Korea, Canada, and Australia/New Zealand. Toxic contaminants were found to be widely distributed across the coast. Among organic contaminants, PAHs showed the highest concentration, followed by butyltins, nonylphenols, PBDEs, DDTs, PCBs, HCHs and CHLs. Heavy metals were also abundantly detected with the highest concentration of Zn followed by Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Cd > Hg. Compared to organic contaminants, most heavy metals, except for Cu and Hg, were homogeneously distributed along the coast in a good relationship with total organic carbon of sediment particles. In general, the concentrations of organic compounds and heavy metals were highest at the inner part of harbor areas with a tendency to decline from inside areas to the outside, indicating the high loading of pollutants from harbors. A high exceedance for low-SQGs and high-SQGs was found for TBT, p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, Cu and Zn. The SQI scores calculated from low-SQGs and high-SQGs were in the range of 18-100 and 54-100, respectively. The inner part of Busan Harbor, Dadaepo Harbor, and Gamcheon Harbor were observed as being regions of concern. Overall, TBT, Cu, and p,p'-DDT were the chemicals most frequently exceeding SQGs and influencing SQI scores.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2016

Purpose - In the year of 2015 and 2016, one of the items that got attention in CES was a drone. It has been 100 years since a drone emerged, but most were used for military purposes. As its use became diverse as of 2010, it got attention of the general public. In Korea, it was in 2011 that a drone was known to the public through an aerial video shooting for television program. This study tried to come up with suggestions by comparing domestic with overseas cases, and tried to consider the related technologies and systems with applying the role of drones in logistics service. Research design, data, and methodology - The overseas cases were regarded as drone's logistical purpose. The Prime Air service by US Amazon is still not commercialized and under pre-testing due to Federal Aviation Regulations, although it started in 2013. In Germany, DHL succeeded in delivering service testing which is called Parcelcopter, but it is not commercialized yet. Other than these, there are more attempts to prepare logistics service in China with Taobao, in France with Geopost's test, and in Africa. In Korea, CJ Korea Express tested delivery with a self-developed drone Results - In order to study for utilizing drones for logistics as the prerequisites, some overseas and domestic cases, which are currently considered, were reviewed. Also, the technologies and institutional requirements to commercialize drones for logistical purpose were reviewed. The reasons for using drones in logistics is to ensure the price competitiveness by reducing cost. The empirical test also will be needed because drone pilot areas are designated by ministry of land, infrastructure and transport. Conclusions - In order to utilize drones in logistics and foster the industry, this study would like to suggest the followings. First of all, size of drones for logistics needs to be fixed and their operating system should be standardized. Centralized investment resources are needed through standardization to ensure the market occupancy. Secondly, it is necessary to get the converged businesses that do research, develop and commercialize drones with the investment of private sector. Example can be found in Korea aerospace Industries. We can respond to the rapid growth of the market with intensive investing by integrating the private sector investment. Thirdly, institutional arrangements are needed to be established quickly. In the case of high-technologies like drones, institutional support often does not follow the rapid development of the technology. The problems can be found in securing drones-only airspace, creating drone-specialized pilot's license, matters related to remote controller and complementary regulations for drones in Aviation Act. If these regulations are not prepared or complemented at the right timing, technologies cannot be commercialized even though the development is completed. Fourthly, there is a need to secure the transparency regarding possible privacy and personal information protection problem while operating drones. Finally, in order to foster this new industry, government should focus on supporting R&D more in the long term than short term outcomes.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2015

The high time-resolution monitoring data are essential to estimate rapid changes in chemical compositions, concentrations, formation mechanisms, and likely sources of atmospheric particulate matter (PM). In this study, $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate, $PM_{2.5}$, $PM_{10}$, and the number concentration of size-resolved PMs were monitored in Fukuoka, Japan by good time-resolved methods during the springtime. The highest monthly average $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate was found in May ($8.85{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$), followed by April ($8.36{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$), March ($8.13{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$), and June ($7.22{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$). The cases exceed the Japanese central government's safety standard for $PM_{2.5}$ ($35{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$) reached 10.11% during four months campaign. The fraction of $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate to $PM_{2.5}$ varied from 12.05% to 68.11% with average value of 35.49% throughout the entire period of monitoring. This high proportion of sulfate in $PM_{2.5}$ is an obvious characteristic of the ambient $PM_{2.5}$ in Fukuoka during the springtime. However, the average fraction of $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate to $PM_{2.5}$ in three rain events occurred during our intensive campaign fell right down to 15.53%. Unusually high $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate (> $30{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$) marked on three days were probably affected by the air parcels coming from the Chinese continent, the natural sulfur in the remote marine atmosphere, and a large number of ships sailing on the nearby sea. The theoretical number concentration of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in $PM_{0.5-0.3}$ was originally calculated and then compared to $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate. A close resemblance between the diurnal variations of the theoretically calculated number concentration of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ in $PM_{0.5-0.3}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ sulfate concentration indicates that the secondary formed $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was the primary form of sulfate in $PM_{2.5}$ during our monitoring period.