• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.168-175
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate and report the current status of physical therapy (PT) performed in Korean neonatal intensive care units (NICU) to present foundational data that promotes the advances in neonatal PT in Korea. Methods: Based on the Health Insurance Review and Assessment (HIRA) data, we administered a questionnaire survey to 74 hospitals (39 tertiary and 35 general hospitals) in Korea equipped with a NICU and pediatric PT unit. We developed a 32-item questionnaire with reference to previous Korean studies. The questionnaires were distributed and retrieved via regular mail and an online system. Results: Of the 74 hospitals, 58 (78%) practiced neonatal PT and the duration of each session significantly differed according to the hospital rating. PT was given, depending on clinical symptoms, to infants who were preterm and low birth-weight (96.5%), had brain and spinal cord diseases (84.5%), had pathological tonus (94.8%), with respiratory problems (65.5%), for range of motion exercises (82.8%), for neurodevelopment approaches (72.4%), and for positioning (70.7%). Interdisciplinary meetings were held to share clinical decisionmaking in 17.2% of the hospitals surveyed and parent-participating education to ensure a family-centered approach was offered in 63.8% of the hospitals. The barriers of neonatal PT included low insurance fees, insufficient awareness of colleagues, and the severity of the patient. Conclusion: This study is the first report of the current status of neonatal PT in Korea. The findings of this study will serve as foundational data to review the current neonatal PT practice and promote further advances.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between the nurse staffing level and the patient mortality using Korean National Health Insurance data. Methods: The data of 1,068,059 patients from 913 hospitals between 2015 and 2016 were analyzed. The nurse staffing level was categorized based on the bed-to-nurse ratio in general wards, intensive care units (ICUs), and hospitals overall. The x² test and generalized estimating equations (GEE) multilevel multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to explore in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality after admission. Results: The in-hospital mortality rate was 2.9% and 30-day mortality after admission rate was 3.0%. Odd Ratios (ORs) for in-hospital mortality were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.63~0.84) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.88 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66~0.92). ORs for 30-day mortality after admission were statistically lower in general wards with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 3.5 compared to that with 6.0 or more (OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.73~0.94) and in ICUs with a bed-to-nurse ratio of less than 0.63 compared to that with 1.25 or more (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.72~1.00). Conclusion: To reduce the patient mortality, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of nurses by improving the nursing fee system according to the nurse staffing level.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2007

자연스러운 얼굴 애니메이션 생성은 캐릭터 애니메이션 분야에서 중요한 문제이다. 지금까지 얼굴 애니메이션은 3차원 모델링 프로그램을 이용한 전문 애니메이터들의 수작업을 통해 생성되거나, 필요한 움직임 데이터를 직접 동작 캡쳐함으로써 만들어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 방식은 일반 사용자가 쉽게 접근 할 수 없으며 많은 시간과 비용을 요구한다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 실제에 가깝고 자연스러운 얼굴애니메이션을 만들기 위해, 누구나 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 직관적인 방식의 스케치 인터페이스를 이용하고자 한다. 이를 통해 키-프레임을 생성하는 시스템을 구축하고, 얼굴 캡쳐를 통하여 얻은 데이터로부터 추출한 얼굴 표정간의 전이 정보를 이용하여 키-프레임을 보간하는 방식을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 전문 애니메이터가 아닌 일반 사용자도 쉽고 빠르게 다양한 감점을 표출하며, 동시에 말하는 얼굴 애니메이션을 만들 수 있도록 한다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.250-253
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• 2011

Chip manufacture nowadays turned their attention from accelerating uniprocessors to integrating multiple cores on a chip. Moreover desktop graphic hardware is now starting to support general purpose computation. Desktop users are able to use multi-core CPU and GPU as a high performance computing resources these days. However exploiting parallel computing resources are still challenging because of lack of higher programming abstraction for parallel programming. The 2-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT) algorithms are most computational intensive part of JPEG encoding. There are many fast 2D-DCT algorithms already studied. We implemented several algorithms and estimated its runtime on multi-core CPU and GPU environments. Experiments show that data parallelism can be fully exploited on CPU and GPU architecture. We expect parallelized DCT bring performance benefit towards its applications such as JPEG and MPEG.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.223-245
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• 2011

한국의 서비스산업을 대상으로 기술혁신이 고용에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 기술우위혁신전략과 비용우위혁신전략이 고용에 미치는 영향이 서비스업의 섹터별로 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지를 기업수준에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석모형은 Bogliacino와 Pianta(2010)의 연구모형에 기반하고 있으며 자료는 과학기술 정책연구원(STEPI)의 서비스업기술혁신조사표(2006)를 이용하였다. 실증 분석결과를 살펴보면, 모든 섹터의 기업에서 수요증가가 고용증가에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고 일부섹터 기업에서는 기술혁신전략이 고용증가에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 과학 기반형 기업에서는 기술우위혁신전략이 고용에 긍정적인 영향을 주었으며, 전문공급자형 기업에서는 비용우위혁신전략이 고용에 부정적인 영향을 주었다. 규모 및 정보집약형 기업에서는 임금증가율이 고용에 부정적인 영향을 주었으며, 공급자지배형 기업에서는 수요증가만이 고용증가에 강한 긍정의 영향을 주었는데 이들 두 섹터의 기업들에서는 비용우위 혹은 기술우위의 혁신전략이 모두 고용에 유의미한 영향을 주지 못하였다. 한국의 서비스업을 대상으로 한 기업수준의 분석에서도 이처럼 산업유형의 특성에 따라 서비스기업들은 기술혁신의 고용효과가 달랐는데 비교적 혁신수준이 높은 과학기반형기업들과 전문공급자형 기업들은 유럽 주요국과 동일한 양상으로 혁신의 고용효과를 보였으나 나머지 유형의 기업들은 혁신수준이 현저하게 떨어지므로 혁신전략자체가 고용에 유의미한 영향을 주지 못한 것으로 보인다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was designed to explore the levels of physical activity and fatigue among nurses and to identify the relationship between these variables. Methods: Participants were 89 nurses working at an intensive care unit and an operating room in a children's hospital. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Brief Fatigue Inventory. Results: Most of the nurses' physical activity was work related, and there was a significant difference according to the working unit. Nurses with higher work stress and lower job satisfaction showed higher levels of fatigue than their counterparts did. Work-related physical activity and the interference of fatigue with relationships were related positively, whereas transport and leisure time physical activity were negatively related to usual fatigue and the interference of fatigue with life enjoyment. Conclusion: The levels of physical activity and fatigue of nurses were higher than those observed among other populations. The appropriate level of physical activity for these nurses needs to be investigated carefully. Also, in the intervention for nurses' fatigue, their level of work-related and leisure-time physical activity should be considered separately, and their work environment and psychological satisfaction level should be included.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 1998년도 21세기 한반도 농업전망과 대책(한국작물학회.한국육종학회 공동주관 심포지움 회보)
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• pp.415-445
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• 1998

For effective prevention of the spreading and outbreak of crop insects and disease pests, an intensive Pest surveillance system was established to predict their density changes, and distribution. After their initial establishment by either immigration or overwintering, it is necessary to anticipate how they spread out geographically and predict where/when outbreaks are possible. The two major tools, boundary layer atmospheric model (Blayer) and the geographic information system(GIS), have been being developed to facilitate the prediction of pest occurrence in recent days. We are also developing the PeMos (Pest Monitoring System) that is able to manage the pest surveillance data collected from 152 pest monitoring stations in Korea. These three system related to the pest surveillance should be integrated into an internet based comprehensive database management system to facilitate information resources systematically organized and closely linked. Considering various data types and large data size in each system, a new special information management system is suggested. The integrated system should express complex types of information, such as text, multimedia, and other scientific data under the Internet environment. This paper discussed the major three systems, GIS, Blayer, and PeMos, relevant to the crop pest surveillance, then how they can be integrated in a comprehensive system under the Internet environment.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.317-319
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• 2018

최근 발생하는 데이터는 대용량이며, 형태가 다양하고 빠르게 생성되는 특징이 있다. 이러한 데이터는 CPU, 인메모리 기반인 기존의 데이터 처리 시스템에서 처리하는데 많은 시간이 소모된다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 GPU 기반 데이터 집약 시스템이 출현하기 시작했다. 하지만, 이러한 시스템의 성능을 종합적으로 측정하는 테스트 결과는 시스템마다 다른 기준으로 제공하고 있다. 이에 따라, 개발자 및 사용자는 성능 병목 현상을 탐색하고 해결하는 데 큰 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 즉, 이러한 다른 기준으로는 개발자 및 사용자가 시스템의 통합적인 성능 비교 분석을 수행하기 힘들다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 본 논문은 원스탑 테스팅 프레임워크인 BenchGAD 를 제안하고자한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1389-1408
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• 2021

Proof-of-Work (PoW) is the first and still most common consensus protocol in blockchain. But it is costly and energy intensive, aiming at addressing these problems, we propose a consensus algorithm named Proof-of-Work-and-Block-Compression (PoW-BC). PoW-BC is an improvement of PoW to compress blocks and adjust consensus parameters. The algorithm is designed to encourage the reduction of block size, which improves transmission efficiency and reduces disk space for storing blocks. The transaction optimization model and block compression model are proposed to compress block data with a smaller compression ratio and less compression/ decompression duration. Block compression ratio is used to adjust mining difficulty and transaction count of PoW-BC consensus protocol according to the consensus parameters adjustment model. Through experiment and analysis, it shows that PoW-BC improves transaction throughput, and reduces block interval and energy consumption.

• 천문학논총
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1999

We have investigated the solar activity variation with period shorter than 1000 days, through Fourier transformation of solar cycle 21 and 22 data. And real time predictions of the flare maximum intensity have been made by multilinear regression method to allow the use of multivariate vectors of sunspot groups or active region characteristics. In addition, we have examined the evolution of magnetic field and current density in active regions at times before and after flare occurrence, to check short term variability of solar activity. According to our results of calculation, solar activity changes with periods of 27.1, 28.0, 52.1, 156.3, 333.3 days for solar cycle 21 and of 26.5, 27.1, 28.9, 54.1, 154, 176.7, 384.6 days for solar cycle 22. Periodic components of about 27, 28, 53, 155 days are found simultaneously at all of two solar cycles. Finally, from our intensive analysis of solar activity data for three different terms of $1977\~1982,\; 1975\~1998,\;and\;1978\~1982$, we find out that our predictions coincide with observations at hit rate of $76\%,\;63\%$, 59 respectively.