• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1017-1028
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• 2006

Japanese railroad companies continued growing by developing diversification based on a railroad enterprise. However, after entering in the 1990s, the diversification model of a railroad company reached the management limit. Under economic depression, A decrease in the birthrate and aging progressed and passenger transport changed to the downward tendency. Nevertheless, since railroad investment was expanded, railroad achievements got worse and price competitiveness with JR East Japan became weak. But the achievements of a diversification section got worse compared with the railroad enterprise. Therefore, group management was thought as important and enterprise reorganization was developed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.97-115
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• 2017

The Purpose of this is to Examine the Effects of Collaborative Relations of Supplier- Buyer, Sustainable Supply Chain Management(SCM) Sctivities, and Collaborative Performance in Automobile-part Companies. The Proposed Research Model is Tested using Structural Equation Modeling for Hypotheses based on the Data Collected from 274 Firms. The Results Indicate that Collaborative Relations of Supplier-buyer Positively Affect Sustainable SCM Activities. In Addition, Sustainable SCM Activities Positively Affects Collaborative Performance. The Results of the Study Show that Collaborative Relations of Supplier-buyer is Positively Associated with Sustainable SCM Activities in both Supplier and Buyer Firms. Sustainable SCM Activities have a Significant Impact on Collaborative Performance in both Parts. In Addition, Collaborative Relations of Supplier-buyer have a Significant Impact on Collaborative Performance of Buyer Firms but Supplier. This Study would Provide Useful Information for Collaboration between Supplier and Buyer to have a Long-term Strategic Relationship on Sustainable SCM Activities, which Impact on Collaborative Performance and Competitive Advantages.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-92
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• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting organizational citizenship behavior of hospital employees, and based on the investigation, to suggest some implications for effective human resources management of hospitals. For this purpose, physical therapists were selected as the subject of the research. Using their individual characteristics, job characteristics, professionalism and group cohesiveness as the variables affecting organizational citizenship behavior, an empirical model was constructed and tested. A survey was conducted through structured and self-administered questionnaire for the physical therapists working at hospitals of Busan-Kyongnam area, and data from 240 therapists were utilized in the final analysis. Major results of the empirical analysis are as follows: First, perception on professionalism and the degree of organizational citizenship behavior were higher for male, older, relatively more-educated and higher-grade employees. It is necessary to develope some measures to educate and motivate the employees who are in lower state of professionalism and organizational citizenship behavior. Second, among the individual characteristics, need for growth was found to have significant, positive influence on professionalism and group cohesiveness, but no direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. On the other hand, extroversion had direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior, as well as on professionalism and group cohesiveness. This result suggests that personnel selection and personality education should be conducted carefully. Third, job characteristics appeared to have very large, positive effect on professionalism, but not directly on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, professionalism was found to have very large, positive influence on group cohesiveness and direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. This implies that enhancing professionalism of physical therapists can strengthen organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals, and hence top management should actively support the programs for job re-design, skill education and quality improvement to enhance professionalism of their employees. Fifth and last, as an intervening factor, group cohesiveness appeared to have the largest, direct, positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior. It is, therefore, important for top management to improve group cohesiveness by exploring ways toward greater harmony and solidarity among the members of physical therapy department.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

The interest in traditional Korean housing has greatly increasing in Korean housing market. However, it is difficult to wildly disseminate for a high construction cost reason. In order to effectively facilitate the Hanok construction, Korean government has initiated a project that develops a new style Korean housing, which meets the requirements of low cost and modernized life style. Cost of building is mainly affected by materials and construction methods. Hanok has some special commodities those significantly impact the cost. In order to effectively cut down the costs, well-organized planning for costs is very important. Also, improving the productivity by utilizing new materials and methods can result in cost down. In this context, this paper compared and analyzed two different types of Korean housing; one is a modernized Korean house which used new materials and methods, the other is a traditional Korean house which was build up by purely traditional methods. Productivity has also been compared and analyzed for 5 major commodities between two types of models. Based on these comparative data, effect of cost down by new model has been analyzed. As a result it is confirmed that by using the new materials and methods could highly effect to increasing productivity and cost down. Especially, the cost of Roofing have been more influenced by using new material while the Wood and Finishes have been influenced by new construction method. Construction cost of Foundation (Earthwork, Concrete, Masonry) and Openings were influenced both factors, changing of materials and methods.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

The chemical-looping combustion(CLC) has advantages of no energy loss for separation of $CO_2$ without $NO_x$ formation. This CLC system consists of oxidation and reduction reactors where metal oxides particles are circulating through these two reactors. In the present study, the reaction kinetic equations of iron oxide oxygen carriers supported on bentonite have been determined by the shrinking core model. Based on the reactivity data, design values of solid circulation rate and solids inventory were determined for the rector. Two types of interconnected fluidized bed systems were designed for CLC application, one system consists of a riser and a bubbling fluidized bed, and the other one has a riser and two bubbling fluidized beds. Solid circulation rates were varied to about $30kg/m^2s$ by aeration into a loop-seal. Solid circulation rate increases with increasing aeration velocity and it increases further with an auxiliary gas flow into the loop-seal. As solid circulation rate is increased, solid hold up in the riser increases. A typical gas leakage from the riser to the fluidized bed is found to be less than 1%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.13
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• pp.39-71
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• 1986

Interlibrary loan has been a very common library service in the developed countries but it is yet to be actualized formerly in Korea. As Korea is moving toward an information society where all the individual user's request in the library should be met, we need to understand, in detail, the theory and practice of interlibrary loan service. As various information technology has been applied to the libraries, the libraries became the open system. Thus, the libraries become more cooperative, form networks, and make interlibrary loan service available. This study is based on the following three hypothesis formulated from the systems theory. 1. If libraries cooperate each other and form some kind of networks by mail, computers or telecommunications, they become the open system. 2. If a library develops as the open system, interlibrary loan becomes available in the library. 3. If the interlibrary loan system works, the role of the librarians will be changed. The research was carried out by analyzing the various studies about interlibrary loan service and by examining the interlibrary loan systerns presently working in the U.S.. The conclusions are reached deductively from the data. Some of the terminology used are defined as follows: System: a network of interrelated procedures that are joined together to perform an activity or to accomplish a specific objective. It is, in effect, all the ingredient which make up the whole. Cooperation: Working together to benefit participant libraries. Network: a much more structured type of cooperation in which definite regions or areas are connected by electronic or other means to promote interlibrary loaning of materials, in-service traing & other sharing of resources. Interlibrary loan: the lending of books between libraries. The model of cooperation or networks was used to be (1) a star type, (2) a hieranchical type, (3) a distributed type or (4) the combination of aforementioned three. However, the development of the telecommunications and computers enables all kinds of libraires cooperate together. Interlibrary loan service starts with the needs of user's information. The information have to be logically accessed through bibliographies, computers, electronic mails and satellite communications. And the logical access requires the information technology and the libraries become cooperative. The physical access to the information follows next but only traditional method of mail and some commercial service are currently available for this purpose. Therefore, researches are needed to develop this physical access. If the libraries form networks, the microaspect of library changes accordingly as the macroaspect changes. If the libraries . cooperate to become one large world library, the librarians plan, organize, control library operations and report the results. And the librarians work inside and outside of the library to cooperate with other libraries. Only the cooperation of the libraries will enhance interlibrary loan and the Korean librarians have to be prepared to accept the new role of librarianship for the interlibrary loan service.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.147-163
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• 2013

The world faces several issues of energy crisis and environmental deterioration due to over-dependence on single source of which is fossil fuel. Though, fuel is needed as ingredients for industrial development and growth of any country, however the fossil fuel which is a major source of energy for this purpose has always been terrifying thus the need for alternative and renewable energy sources. The search for alternative energy sources resulted into the acceptance of a biofuel as a reliable alternative energy source. This work presents the study of optimization of process of transesterification of vegetable oil to biodiesel using NaOH as catalyst. A $2^4$ factorial design method was employed to investigate the influence of ratio of oil to methanol, temperature, NaOH concentration, and transesterification time on the yield of biodiesel from vegetable oil. Low and high levels of the key factors considered were 4:1 and 6:1 mole ratio, 30 and $60^{\circ}C$ temperatures, 0.5 and 1.0 wt% catalyst concentration, and 30 and 60 min reaction time. Results obtained revealed that oil to methanol molar ratio of 6:1, tranesetrification temperature of $60^{\circ}C$, catalyst concentration of 1.0wt % and reaction time of 30 min are the best operating conditions for the optimum yield of biofuel from vegetable oil, with optimum yield of 95.8%. Results obtained on the characterizzation of the produced biodiesel indicate that the specific gravity, cloud point, flash point, sulphur content, viscosity, diesel index, centane number, acid value, free glycerine, total glycerine and total recovery are 0.8899, 4, 13, 0.0087%, 4.83, 25, 54.6. 0.228mgKOH/g, 0.018, 0.23% and 96% respectively. Results also indicate that the qualities of the biodiesel tested for are in conformity with the set standard. A model equation was developed based on the results obtained using a statistical tool. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of data shows that mole ratio of ground nut oil to methanol and transesterification time have the most pronounced effect on the biodiesel yield with contributions of 55.06% and 9.22% respectively. It can be inferred from the results various conducted that vegetable oil locally produced from groundnut oil can be utilized as a feedstock for biodiesel production.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.181-188
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• 2015

The non-contact permanent magnet gear has advantages of high efficiency and improved reliability. It has other advantages of no mechanical friction loss, very little noise and vibration, and no need for lubricant. With these advantages, the non-contact permanent magnet gear that solves the physical contact problem of the mechanical gear has drawn attention. Due to this unique non-contact characteristic, the non-contact permanent magnet gear which is capable of non-contact torque transmission has replaced mechanical gear. The mechanical gears which is in many fields of the modern industry, is used mostly for power transmitting mechanical devices. However, it also has the problem of a low torque density, which requires improvement. In this paper, a novel pole piece shape is proposed in order to improve the problem of low torque density of the non-contact permanent magnet gear. The experiment data required for predicting the relationships among them are obtained using finiteelement Operating method based on two-dimensional (2-D) numerical analysis. Therefore, this paper derived an optimal model for thenon-contact permanent magnet gear with the novel pole piece using the Box-Behnken design, and the validity of the optimal design of the proposed pole piece shape through variance analysis and regression analysis demonstrated. In this paper, we performed the thransfer torque analysis in order to improve the torque density and power density, we have performed on optimal design of proposed pole piece shape using box-behnken.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.260-265
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• 1999

멀티빔 음향측심기(Multibeam Echo Sounder)는 기존의 단빔 음향측심기(Singlebeam Echo Sounder)와 달리 탐사선 진행방향의 수직(Crosstrack)으로 해저면을 주사(Swath)하여, 한 번의 송수신(Ping)으로 다중의 빔 자료 - 수심, 후방산란된 음압(Backscattered Amplitude), 사이드 스캔 소나(Side Scan Sonar) 자료 - 를 취득하는 장비이다. 멀티빔 음향 측심기를 이용한 해저면 탐사의 경우, 수심이 변함에 따라 주사폭(Swath width)이 변화하고, 각 빔의 수평 해상도(Footprint)는 수심과 더불어 빔폭(Beam width)에 의하여 동적으로 변화한다. 멀티빔 음향 측심기는 해저면을 전역탐사 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 연속된 음향 탐사를 통하여 이웃한 핑 사이에 발생하는 전방중첩영역(Endlap)과 이웃 측선(Trackline)을 따라 겹쳐지는 측방중첩영역(Sidelap)의 자료들을 이용하여 멀티 뎀 자료들의 전반적인 정확도 및 신뢰도를 평가할 수 있다. 본 논문은 수로 측량(Hydrographic Survey)에서 사용되는 멀티빔 음향 측심기를 운영하여 얻어진 측심 자료를 처리하는 알고리즘 개발에 관한 연구이다. 본 논문에서는 L3사의 Sea Beam 2100 벌티빔 음향 측심기를 대상으로, 멀티빔의 측심 원리와 해저 지형에 대한 일반적 이해를 통하여 획득된 측심 자료의 통계적 특성을 파악하고, 오측심된 수심 자료를 제거하는 방법을 제안하며, 측심 구간의 대표격자 크기를 결정하는 기준을 제시한다. 또한, 항공원격탐사에서 고도 추정시 사용되고 있는, 평균보간법, 가중평균 보간법과, 본 논문에서 제안하는 격자 대표값 선정 알고리즘(Gridding Algorithms)의 결과를 비교하고, 최종적으로 얻어지는 해저 수치지형모델(DEM, Digital Elevation Model)과 후방산란 영상을 제시한다. 빠른 한지형잔디들이 지표면을 피복하도록 하고 여름의 고온기와 장마시기에는 뿌리전단력이 우수한 이러한 초종들로 지표면이 피복되도록 하는 것이 이상적이라 생각된다. 4. 혼파처리간의 토사유출량을 비교한 결과 토사 유출 억제효과는 한지형과 나지형잔디들의 혼합형(MixtureIII)과 자생처리구(MixtureV), Italian ryegrass와 자생식물의 혼합형(MixtureIV)등에서 비교적 낮은 수치를 토사유출량을 기록하였다. 이러한 결과는 자생식물들이 비록 초기생육속도는 외래도입초종에 떨어지지만 토사유출의 억제효과면에서는 이들 외래초종에 필적할 수 있음을 나타낸다고 할 수 있겠다.중량이 약 115kg/$m^2$정도로 나타났다.소 들(환경의 의미, 사람의 목적과 지식)보다 미학적 경험에 주는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 사람들에게 비슷한 미학적 경험을 발생시키는 것 이 밝혀졌다. 다시 말하면 모든 사람들은 그들의 문화적인 국적과 사회적 인 직업의 차이, 목적의 차이, 또한 환경의 의미의 차이에 상관없이 아름다 운 경관(High-beauty landscape)을 주거지나 나들이 장소로서 선호했으며, 아름답다고 평가했다. 반면에, 사람들이 갖고 있는 문화의 차이, 직업의 차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게 경계

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1422-1432
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• 1993

Nonlinear mapping function of the HCNN( Hidden Control Neural Network ) can change over time to model the temporal variability of a speech signal by combining the nonlinear prediction of conventional neural networks with the segmentation capability of HMM. We have two things in this paper. first, we showed that the performance of the HCNN is better than that of HMM. Second, the HCNN with its prediction error measure given by weighted distance is proposed to use suitable distance measure for the HCNN, and then we showed that the superiority of the proposed system for speaker-independent speech recognition tasks. Weighted distance considers the differences between the variances of each component of the feature vector extraced from the speech data. Speaker-independent Korean digit recognition experiment showed that the recognition rate of 95%was obtained for the HCNN with Euclidean distance. This result is 1.28% higher than HMM, and shows that the HCNN which models the dynamical system is superior to HMM which is based on the statistical restrictions. And we obtained 97.35% for the HCNN with weighted distance, which is 2.35% better than the HCNN with Euclidean distance. The reason why the HCNN with weighted distance shows better performance is as follows : it reduces the variations of the recognition error rate over different speakers by increasing the recognition rate for the speakers who have many misclassified utterances. So we can conclude that the HCNN with weighted distance is more suit-able for speaker-independent speech recognition tasks.