• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.45-66
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• 2018

This paper measures the extent of comovements in stock returns between Korea and three major countries (China, Japan and the U.S.) using industry-level data for Korea from 2003 to 2016 in the spirit of the international capital asset pricing model. It also examines what drives the comovements between Korea and the three countries. We find that the comovements of Korean stock returns with those of the U.S. and Japan became smaller after the global financial crisis. In contrast, the comovement in stock returns between Korea and China became larger after the crisis. After an additional analysis, we conclude that trade linkage is the main driver of the comovements between Korea and the three countries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1365-1373
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• 1994

Elasto-dynamic deformation of flexible linkage mechanism was analyzed using the finite element method. A computer program was constructed and applied to analyze a specific crank-level 4-bar mechanism, in which the elasto-dynamic deformation of the mechanism system was obtained using mode superposition method in the case of constant input speed and the effect of geometric stiffness on the mechanism is included. Experimental verification of numerical results was conducted by measuring the elasto-dynamic deformation of mid-points of coupler and lever for the 4-bar lingkage mechanism using high speed camera and image data processing systeem. For the elasto-dynamic deformation at the lever mid-point, the numerical results including geometric stiffness almost agree with the experimental ones. However, the numerical results excluding geometric stiffness good agree with the experimental ones at the couper mid-point.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.431-431
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• 2000

The modeling of 5-bar linkage robot manipulator dynamics by means of a mathematical and neural architecture is presented. Such a model is applicable to the design of a feedforward controller or adjustment of controller parameters. The inverse model consists of two parts: a mathematical part and a compensation part. In the mathematical part, the subsystems of a 5-bar linkage robot manipulator are constructed by applying Kawato's Feedback-Error-Learning method, and trained by given training data. In the compensation part, MLP backpropagation algorithm is used to compensate the unmodeled dynamics. The forward model is realized from the inverse model using the inverse of inertia matrix and the compensation torque is decoupled in the input torque of the forward model. This scheme can use tile mathematical knowledge of the robot manipulator and analogize the robot characteristics. It is shown that the model is reasonable to be used for design and initial gain tuning of a controller.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

An alternative way of constructing ancestral graphs, which is different from the coalescent-based approach, is proposed using population linkage disequilibrium (LD) data. The main difference from the existing method is the construction of the ancestral graphs based on variants instead of individual sequences. Therefore, the key of the proposed method is to use the order of allele ages in the graphs. Distinct from the previous age-estimation methods, allele ages are estimated from full haplotype information by examining the number of generations from the initial complete LD to the current decayed state for each two variants depending on the direction of LD decay between variants. Using a simple algorithmic procedure, an ancestral graph can be derived from the expected allele ages and current LD decay status. This method is different in many ways from previous methods, and, with further improvement, it might be a good replacement for the current approaches.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

The allele frequencies of markers as well as linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be changed in cases due to the LD between markers and the disease allele, exhibiting spurious associations of markers. To identify the true association, classical statistical tests for dealing with confounders have been applied to draw a conclusion as to whether the association of variants comes from LD with the known disease allele. However, a more direct test considering LD using estimated haplotype frequencies may be more efficient. The null hypothesis is that the different allele frequencies of a variant between cases and controls come solely from the increased disease allele frequency and the LD relationship with the disease allele. The haplotype frequencies of controls are estimated using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm from the genotype data. The estimated frequencies are applied to calculate the expected haplotype frequencies in cases corresponding to the increase or decrease of the causative or protective alleles. The suggested method was applied to previously published data, and several APOE variants showed association with Alzheimer's disease independent from the APOE ${\varepsilon}4$ variant, rs429358, regardless of LD showing significant simulated p-values. The test results support the possibility that there may be more than one common disease variant in a locus.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.65-71
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• 2023

Purpose: This study attempted to analyze the impacts of the backward linkage and output multipliers, and investigate the price fluctuation and the price forecast amongst the manufacturing sectors associated with food processing industrial output of Thailand. Research design, data and methodology: The Thailand Input-Output table with a size of 180 x 180 sectors from 2005, 2010, and 2015 was utilized while the secondary data of the time series from January 2002 to December 2021 were processed via a multiplicative model and Box-Jenkins model. Results: The backward linkage analysis indicates that canning and preserving of the meat sector majorly utilized the factors of production from the slaughtering sector; canning and preservation of fish and other seafoods sector largely used those factors from the ocean and coastal fishing sector; and the sugar sector used those of the sugarcane sector. Notably, the output multiplier analysis indicated that output multipliers of those 3 manufacturing sectors were highly increased; meanwhile the price fluctuation continually existed in all forms. Besides, the price forecast suggested that prices of chicken and sugarcane tended to be higher; whereas, the price of shrimp was unstable. Conclusions: Food processing industry contains the favorable components to be one of the industries of the future of Thailand.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.457-483
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• 2023

As ISNI spreads, the process and utilization method of authority control that identifies and links individual or group names is also expanding. In this study, the characteristics of the connection and utilization of ISNI and national authorities in the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany were derived, and a plan to improve the connection and utilization of national authorities and ISNI was presented, focusing on the National Library of Korea. Focusing on major countries actively participating in the establishment and utilization of ISNI since its founding, national authorities and ISNI linkage methods and ISNI data used in services were analyzed. The implications of this study for the linkage and convergence of national authority and ISNI data were: first, applying ISNI to support authority work, second, establishing a close cooperation system with the publishing community, and third, establishing infrastructure for linking ISNI and authority records at the national level, and finally, providing user service pages based on authority data.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.47.1-47.10
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• 2015

Background: Knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD) levels among different populations can be used to detect genetic diversity and to investigate the historical changes in population sizes. Availability of large numbers of SNP through new sequencing technologies has provided opportunities for extensive researches in quantifying LD patterns in cattle breeds. The aim of this study was to compare the extent of linkage disequilibrium among Iranian cattle breeds using high density SNP genotyping data. Results: A total of 70 samples, representing seven Iranian indigenous cattle breeds, were genotyped for 777962 SNPs. The average values of LD based on the $r^2$ criterion were computed by grouping all syntenic SNP pairwises for intermarker distances from 0 Kb up to 1 Mb using three distance sets. Average $r^2$ above 0.3 was observed at distances less than 30 Kb for Sistani and Kermani, 20 Kb for Najdi, Taleshi, Kurdi and Sarabi, and 10 Kb for Mazandarani. The LD levels were considerably different among the Iranian cattle breeds and the difference in LD extent was more detectable between the studied breeds at longer distances. Lower level of LD was observed for Mazandarani breed as compared to other breeds indicating larger ancestral population size in this breed. Kermani breed continued to have more slowly LD decay than all of the other breeds after 3 Kb distances. More slowly LD decay was observed in Kurdi and Sarabi breeds at larger distances (>100 Kb) showing that population decline has been more intense in more recent generations for these populations. Conclusions: A wide genetic diversity and different historical background were well reflected in the LD levels among Iranian cattle breeds. More LD fluctuation was observed in the shorter distances (less than 10 Kb) in different cattle populations. Despite of the sample size effects, High LD levels found in this study were in accordance with the presence of inbreeding and population decline in Iranian cattle breeds.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2016

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa) is one of six subspecies of melon and is cultivated widely in East Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Although oriental melon is economically valuable in Asia and is genetically distinct from other subspecies, few reports of genome-scale research on oriental melon have been published. We generated 30.5 and 36.8 Gb of raw RNA sequence data from the female and male flowers, leaves, roots, and fruit of two oriental melon varieties, Korean landrace (KM) and Breeding line of NongWoo Bio Co. (NW), respectively. From the raw reads, 64,998 transcripts from KM and 100,234 transcripts from NW were de novo assembled. The assembled transcripts were used to identify molecular markers (e.g., single-nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeats), detect tissue-specific expressed genes, and construct a genetic linkage map. In total, 234 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 25 simple sequence repeats were screened from 7,871 and 8,052 candidates, respectively, between the KM and NW varieties and used for construction of a genetic map with 94 F2 population specimens. The genetic linkage map consisted of 12 linkage groups, and 248 markers were assigned. These transcriptome and molecular marker data provide information useful for molecular breeding of oriental melon and further comparative studies of the Cucurbitaceae family.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2022

With the growing interest in convergence, there have been various attempts to measure convergence, but the definition of convergence is ambiguous and consensus on appropriate indicators has not been reached, so measurement of convergence is still at a rudimentary stage. In this study, using the KSIC-IPC linkage table developed by the Korean Intellectual Property Office to analyze the correlation and impact of patents, industry, economy, and population, we propose a new evaluation model that can evaluate industry convergence from patent data. In addition, it was verified whether the industry convergence derived from this properly reflects the corporate convergence characteristics. As a result of classifying the convergence of 39,740 patents owned by global major automobile companies, and evaluating the degree of convergence of each company, it was confirmed that the industry convergence derived using the KSIC-IPC linkage table better reflects the corporate convergence characteristics than the technology convergence classified by IPC co-classification. Therefore, the industry convergence data of automotive sector derived from the new industry convergence evaluation model using the KSIC-IPC linkage table is expected to be widely used for future convergence research.