• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2021

The universe is well known to be consists of dark energy, dark matter and the standard model (SM) particles. The dark matter dominates the density of matter in the universe. The dark matter is thought to be linked with dark photon which are hypothetical hidden sector particles similar to photons in electromagnetism but potentially proposed as force carriers. Due to the extremely small cross-section of dark matter, a large amount of data is needed to be processed. Therefore, we need to optimize the central processing unit (CPU) time. In this work, using MadGraph5 as a simulation tool kit, we examined the CPU time, and cross-section of dark matter at the electron-positron collider considering three parameters including the center of mass energy, dark photon mass, and coupling constant. The signal process pertained to a dark photon, which couples only to heavy leptons. We only dealt with the case of dark photon decaying into two muons. We used the simplified model which covers dark matter particles and dark photon particles as well as the SM particles. To compare the CPU time of simulation, one or more cores of the KISTI-5 supercomputer of Nurion Knights Landing and Skylake and a local Linux machine were used. Our results can help optimize high-energy physics software through high-performance computing and enable the users to incorporate parallel processing.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.32.1-32.1
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• 2014

Astronomical observations strongly suggest that the expansion rate of our universe is currently under acceleration. The nature of the so-called dark energy causing the acceleration is unknown, and it is one of the fundamental mysteries in the present day theoretical cosmology. Here we briefly review the current state of cosmic dark energy research in both theoretical and observational sides. Constraints on dynamical dark energy models (e.g., w-fluid, quintessence, and modified gravity) with recent observational data from type Ia supernovae, cosmic microwave background radiation, and large-scale structures in the universe indicate a preferred direction toward the simplest ${\Lambda}$CDM world model. We also discuss some issues regarding the early dark energy model and the spherical collapse of matter in the presence of dark energy.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.53.1-53.1
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• 2019

The cosmic dark sector, composed of dark energy and dark matter, might be coupled, and hence mediate a fifth-force which gives rise to distinctive cosmological signatures. I will consider an interacting dark sector, in which dark energy and dark matter are coupled via specific well-motivated coupling functions. After an overview of these coupled dark energy models, I will discuss the current model parameter constraints derived from the latest cosmological observations which probe the expansion history, and the growth of cosmic structures of our Universe. Moreover, I will demonstrate how different measurements of the Hubble constant, including the GW170817 measurement, influence the inferred constraints on the dark coupling. I will further discuss how one could put tighter constraints on such a dark sector coupling with the upcoming large-scale radio surveys.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.34.1-34.1
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• 2009

After SNIa and WMAP observations during the last decade, the discovery of the accelerated expansion of the universe is a major challenge to particle physics and cosmology. There are currently three candidates for the dark energy which results in this accelerated expansion: $\cdot$ a non-zero cosmological constant, $\cdot$ a dynamical cosmological constant (quintessence scalar field), $\cdot$ modifications of Einstein's theory of gravity. The scalar field model like quintessence is a simple model with time-dependent w, which is generally larger than -w1. Because the different w lead to a different expansion history of the universe, the geometrical measurements of cosmic expansion through observations of SNIa, CMB and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) can give us tight constraints on w. One of the interesting ways to study the scalar field dark-energy models is to investigate the coupling between the dark energy and the other matter fields. In fact, a number of models which realize the interaction between dark energy and dark matter, or even visible matter, have been proposed so far. Observations of the effects of these interactions will offer an unique opportunity to detect a cosmological scalar field. In this talk, after briefly reviewing the main idea of the three possible candidates for dark energy and their cosmological phenomena, we discuss the interactinng dark-energy model, paying particular attention to the interacting mechanism between dark energy with a hot dark matter (neutrinos). In this so-called mass-varying neutrino (MVN) model, we calculate explicitly the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and large-scale structure (LSS) within cosmological perturbation theory. The evolution of the mass of neutrinos is determined by the quintessence scalar field, which is responsible for the cosmic acceleration today.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005

We show that next-generation galaxy surveys such as KAOS (the Kilo-Aperture Optical Spectro-graph)will constrain dark energy even if the baryon oscillations are missing from the monopole power spectrum and the bias is scale- and time-dependent KAOS will accurately measure the quadrupole power spectrum which gives the leading anisotropies in the power spectrum in redshift space due to peculiar velocities, the finger of God effect, as well as the Alcock-Paczynski effect. The combination of monopole and quadrupole power spectra powerfully breaks the degeneracy between the bias parameters and dark energy and, in the complete absence of baryon oscillations ($\Omega$b = 0), leads to a roughly $500\%$ improvement in constraints on dark energy compared with the monopole spectrum alone. As a result, for KAOS the worst case with no oscillations has dark energy errors only mildly degraded relative to the ideal case, providing insurance on the robustness of KAOS constraints on dark energy. We show that nonlinear effects are crucial in correctly evaluating the quadrupole and significantly improving the constraints on dark energy when we allow for multi-parameter scale-dependent bias.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.247-259
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the application of dark $H_2$ fermentation to two-stage bioprocesses for organic waste treatment and energy production. We reviewed information about the two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation with $CH_4$ fermentation, photo $H_2$ fermentation, microbial fuel cells (MFCs), or microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) by using academic information databases and university libraries. Dark fermentative bacteria use organic waste as the sole source of electrons and energy, converting it into $H_2$. The reactions related to dark $H_2$ fermentation are rapid and do not require sunlight, making them useful for treating organic waste. However, the degradation is not complete and organic acids remain. Thus, dark $H_2$ fermentation should be combined with a post-treatment process, such as $CH_4$ fermentation, photo $H_2$ fermentation, MFCs, or MECs. So far, dark $H_2$ fermentation followed by $CH_4$ fermentation is a promising two-stage bioprocess among them. However, if the problems of manufacturing expenses, operational cost, scale-up, and practical applications will be solved, the two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation with photo $H_2$ fermentation, MFCs, or MECs have also infinite potential in organic waste treatment and energy production. This paper demonstrated the feasibility of two-stage bioprocesses combining dark $H_2$ fermentation as a novel system for organic waste treatment and energy production.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48.3-48.3
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• 2020

Using redshift-space distortion, I reconstruct the growth history as a smooth function using model independent methods. Assuming general relativity, I obtain the expansion history independently of the dark energy model, and test it to the supernovae data. The results are consistent with general relativity as gravity and the cosmological constant as dark energy, although interestingly negative dark energy densities are not ruled out by the data at z~0.7 to 1.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.191-194
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• 2015

Massive gravity provides a natural solution for the dark energy problem of cosmology and is also a candidate for resolving the dark matter problem. I demonstrate that, assuming reasonable scaling relations, massive gravity can provide for Milgrom’s law of gravity (or “modified Newtonian dynamics”) which is known to remove the need for particle dark matter from galactic dynamics. Milgrom’s law comes with a characteristic acceleration, Milgrom’s constant, which is observationally constrained to a₀ ≈ 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ ms⁻² . In the derivation presented here, this constant arises naturally from the cosmologically required mass of gravitons like , with Λ, H₀, and Ω_Λ being the cosmological constant, the Hubble constant, and the third cosmological parameter, respectively. My derivation suggests that massive gravity could be the mechanism behind both, dark matter and dark energy.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.232-242
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• 2015

Analytical study of surface recombination at the $Si/SiO_2$ interface is carried out in order to set the optimum surface conditions that result in minimum dark base current and maximum open circuit voltage in silicon solar cells. Recombination centers are assumed to form a continuum rather than to be at a single energy level in the energy gap. It is shown that the presence of a hump in the dark I-V characteristics of high efficiency PERL cells is due to the dark current transition from a high surface recombination regime at low voltage to a low surface recombination regime at high voltage. Successful fitting of reported dark I-V characteristics of a typical PERL cell is obtained with several possible combinations of surface parameters including equal electron and hole capture cross sections.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.315-319
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• 2015

We consider a late decaying dark matter model in which cold dark matter begins to decay into relativistic particles at a recent epoch ($z{\leqslant}1$). A complete set of Boltzmann equations for dark matter and other relevant particles particles is derived, which is necessary to calculate the evolution of the energy density and density perturbations. We show that the large entropy production and associated bulk viscosity from such decays leads to a recently accelerating cosmology consistent with observations. We determine the constraints on the decaying dark matter model with bulk viscosity by using a MCMC method combined with observational data of the CMB and type Ia supernovae.