• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.609-627
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• 2016

Results of an experimental program are presented in this paper for the influence of vertical load on the in-plane behavior of masonry infilled steel frames. Five half-scaled single-story, single-bay steel frame specimens were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The specimens included four infilled frames and one bare frame. Two similar specimens as well as the bare frame had moment-resisting steel frames, while the remaining two specimens had pinned steel frames. For each frame type, one specimen was tested under simultaneous vertical and lateral loading, whereas the other was subjected only to lateral loading. The experimental results show that the vertical load changes the cracking patterns and failure modes of the infill panels. It improves dissipated hysteresis energy and equivalent viscous damping. Global responses of specimens, including stiffness and maximum strength, do no change by vertical loading considerably. Regarding the ductility, the presence of vertical load is ignorable in the specimen with moment-resisting frame. However, it increases the ductility of the infilled pinned frame specimen, leading to an enhancement in the m-factor by at least 2.5 times. In summary, it is concluded that the influence of the vertical load on the lateral response of infilled frames can be conservatively ignored.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2004

The effects of a class of nonlinear Tuned Mass Dampers on the aeroelastic behavior of SDOF systems are investigated. Unlike classical linear TMDs, nonlinear constitutive laws of the internal damping acting between the primary oscillator and the TMD are considered, while the elastic properties are keept linear. The perturbative Multiple Scale Method is applied to derive a set of bifurcation equations in the amplitude and phase and a parametric analysis is performed to describe the postcritical scenario of the system. Both cubic- and van der Pol-type dampings are considered and the dependence of the limit-cycle amplitudes on the system parameters is studied. These new results, compared with the previously obtained bifurcation scenario of a SDOF aeroelastic oscillator equipped with a linear TMD, show a detrimental effect on the maximum limit-cycle amplitude reduction of the nonlinear TMD. However, the analyses evidence that in the parameter region away from the perfect tuning condition the nonlinear connection can be used to tune the system with an enhancement of the limit-cycle amplitude reduction.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2016

For this paper, the position-control performances of dual EHA(electro-hydrostatic actuator) systems were investigated according to two cases wherein the double-rod- and single-rod-type hydraulic cylinders were combined. Since the control performance is significantly dependent on the load conditions including external forces such as the inertia load, it is proposed here that the two sub-EHAs are driven by separate position and force controllers, instead of two identical position controllers. According to the simulation results, the best performance was achieved by the position-controlled single-rod-type EHA that was combined with a force-controlled double-rod-type EHA. As the force-controlled double-rod-type EHA compensated for the external loads on the position-controlled single-rod-type EHA, the position-control performance was not influenced by external forces including the inertia load. In addition, the position-controlled single-rod-type EHA contributed to the enhancement of the damping ratio by absorbing the pressure peaks through its internal accumulator. Due to the symmetrical piston areas, the double-rod-type EHA is more suitable for force control than the single-rod- type EHA.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2009

The propagation of an intense laser pulse through an upward density-gradient plasma in a self-modulated laser wakefield acceleration (SM-LWFA) is investigated by using particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. In the fully relativistic and kinetic PIC simulations, the relativistic and kinetic effects including Landau damping enhance the electron dephasing. This electron dephasing is the most important factor for limiting the energy of accelerated electrons. However, the electron dephasing, which is enhanced by relativistic and kinetic effects in the homogeneous plasma, can be forestalled through the detuning process arising from the longitudinal density gradient. Simulation results show that the detuning process can effectively maintain the coherence of the laser wake wave in the spatiotemporal wakefield pattern, hence considerable energy enhancement is achievable. The spatiotemporal profiles are analyzed for the detailed study on the relativistic and kinetic effects. In this paper, the optimum slope of the density gradient for increasing electron energy is presented for various laser intensities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.561-567
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• 2018

본 연구는 동력분산형 고속열차의 승차감을 개선하기 위하여 진행되었다. 동력분산형 고속열차 시제차량의 동역학 해석을 통해 300km/h이상의 임계속도를 갖는 등가 답면구배의 범위는 0.05에서 0.25사이임을 확인하였다. 초기에 적용된 차륜 프로파일 S1002는 4만km이상의 누적주행거리에도 불구하고 등가 답면구배는 0.033 정도였고, 안정적인 운행을 위해서는 등가 답면구배가 0.061이 넘는 XP55가 더 적합함을 확인하였다. 동력분산형 고속열차의 승차감을 개선하기 위한 방안으로 요댐퍼의 설치 각도를 $7.35^{\circ}$에서 $0^{\circ}$로 변경하고, 민감도 분석과 최적화를 통해 도출된 공기스프링 횡 및 상하방향 강성 30% 감소, 2차 수직댐퍼 및 횡댐퍼 댐핑계수를 50% 증가시키는 방안을 제안하였다. 이를 적용하면 차체 가속도를 평균 20%정도 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 예상되었다. 도출된 승차감 개선 방법의 일부인 요댐퍼 설치각도를 $0^{\circ}$로 변경하고 횡댐퍼의 댐핑계수를 30% 증가시킨 후 경부고속선에서 300km/h 속도로 시운전을 진행하였을 때, 차체 횡가속도는 평균 34.3% 개선되었고, 본 연구에서 제안된 추가적인 개선 방안은 향후 시운전 시험 시에 적용될 예정이다. 본 연구에서 사용된 승차감 개선 프로세스는 향후 동력분산형 고속열차의 상업 운행 시에 발생할 수 있는 승차감 관련 문제 해결에 사용될 수 있다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 2020

Concentrically Braced Frames (CBFs) are commonly used in the construction of steel structures because of their ease of implementation, rigidity, low lateral displacement, and cost-effectiveness. However, the principal disadvantage of this kind of braced frame is the inability to provide deformation capacity (ductility) and buckling of bracing elements before yielding. This paper aims to present a novel Composite Buckling Restrained Fuse (CBRF) to be utilized as a bracing segment in concentrically braced frames that allows higher ductility and removes premature buckling. The proposed CBRF with relatively small dimensions is an enhancement on the Reduced Length Buckling Restrained Braces (RL-BRBs), consists of steel core and additional tensile elements embedded in a concrete encasement. Employing tensile elements in this composite fuse with a new configuration enhances the energy dissipation efficiency and removes the tensile strength limitations that exist in bracing elements that contain RL-BRBs. Here, the optimal length of the CBRF is computed by considering the anticipated strain demand and the low-cyclic fatigue life of the core under standard loading protocol. An experimental program is conducted to explore the seismic behavior of the suggested CBRF compare with an RL-BRB specimen under gradually increased cyclic loading. Moreover, Hysteretic responses of the specimens are evaluated to calculate the design parameters such as energy dissipation potential, strength adjustment factors, and equivalent viscous damping. The findings show that the suggested fuse possess a ductile behavior with high energy absorption and sufficient resistance and a reasonably stable hysteresis response under compression and tension.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.3079-3094
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• 1996

Recently, the high-precision vibration attenuation technology becomes the essence fo the seccessful development of high-integrated and ultra-precision industries, and is expected to continue playing a key role in the enhancement of manufacturing technology. Vibration isolation system using an air-spring is widely employed owing to its excellent isolation characteristics in a wide frequency range. It has, however, some drawbacks such as low-stiffness and low-damping features and can be easily excited by exogenous disturbances, and then vibration of table is remained for a long time. Consequently, the need for active vibration control for an air-spring vibration isolation system becomes inevitable. Furthermore, for an air-spring isolation table to be successfully employed in a variety of manufacturing sites, it should have a guaranteed robust performance not only to exogenous disturbances but also to uncertainties due to various equipments which might be put on the table. In this study, an active vibration suppression control system using H.inf. theory is designed and experiments are performed to verify its robust performance. An air-spring vibration isolation table with voice-coil-motors as its actuators is designed and built. The table is modeled as 3 degree-of-freedom system. An active control system is designed based on $H_\infty$control theory using frequency-shaped weighting functions. Analysis on its performance and frequency responce properties are done through numerical simulations. Robust characteristics of$H_\infty$ control on disturbances and model uncertainties are experimentally verified through (i) the transient response to the impact excitation of the table, (ii) the steady-state response to the harmonic excitation, and (iii) the response to the mass change of the table itself. An LQG controller is also designed and its performance is compared with the $H_\infty$ controller.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1996

In the time optimal control problem, bang-bang control has been used becaese it is the theoretical time minimum solution. However, to improve tracking speed performance in the time optimal control, it is important to select a switching point accurately which makes the velocity zero near the target track. But it is not easy to select the swiching point accurately because of the damping coefficient variation and uncertainties of modeling an actual system. The Adaptive model following control(AMFC) is implemented to relieve the difficulty and inconvenience of this task. The AMFC and make the controlled plant follow as closely as possible to a desired reference model whose switching point can be calculated easily and accurately, assuring the error between the states of the reference model and those of the controlled plant appoaches zero. The hybrid control method composed of AMFC and PID is applied to a tracking actuator of the magneto optical disk drive(MODD) in random access devices to improve its slow tracking performance. According to the simulaion and experimental results, the average tracking time as small as 20ms is obtained for a 3.5 magneto-optical disk drive. The AMFC also can be applied for other random access devices to improve the average tracking performance.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 전력계통의 저주파 진동 억제와 안정도 향상을 위해 적응 뉴로-퍼지 전 보상기(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Precompensator, ANFP)를 설계하였다. 여기서 ANFP는 종래의 전력계통 안정화 장치(Power System Stabilizer, PSS)를 보상하도록 설계되며, 이 설계기법은 기존의 PSS 최적 파라미터를 구하는 방식과는 달리 현재 사용중인 PSS 파라미터를 고정시켜놓고, ANFP만을 추가하는 구조적인 장점을 나타낸다. 먼저, 학습 능력을 가지는 퍼지 전 보상기가 구성되며, 이는 발전 유니트의 입출력 데이터로부터 학습된다. ANFP는 학습의 특성을 가지기 때문에 보상기의 퍼지규칙과 소속함수는 학습 알고리즘에 의해 자동으로 동조될 수 있다 학습은 ANFP와 목표 제어기(desired controller)의 출력을 비교하여 평가되는 오차를 최소화하도록 수행된다. 사례 연구 들에서 다양한 동작 조건들 상에서 전력계통의 우수한 제동을 제공할 수 있었으며, 시스템의 동특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.158-161
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• 1993

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 1992년 충남(忠南) 농촌진흥원(農村振興院) 특작(特作) 시험포장(試驗圃場)에서 수행된 결명(決明) 적기파종(適基播種) 구명(究明)과 피복재료(被覆材料) 선발(選拔) 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 대전 중부지역 결명 파종적기는 5윌 18일 파종이 가장 수량이 많았고, 6윌 하순도 10a당 273kg까지 생산이 가능하여 맥후작으로 이용할시 유리한 작물로 사료되었다. 2. 피복 재료 선발은 무피복대비 전구에서 수량성에 유의성이 인정되지 않았으나, 관행(무피복)보다 수량이 $20{\sim}53%$ 증수되었고 흑색 PE는 잡초제거 노력을 경감하여 생력화 할 수 있었다. 3. 결명은 조기파종시 결명 입고병이 조금 발생할뿐 파종기, 피복재료에 관계없이 농약사용없이 무공해 농산물이 생산 가능하였다.