• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.153-158
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• 1982

The study was conducted to obtain the basic information on the diseases epidemics of vegetable crops grown in Namji, Jinju, Gimhae and Suncheon under the extremely varied and specified conditions, plastic film house. The disease survey was conducted from the end of April, 1951 to April 1982. Leaf mold and late blight were serious foliar disease in tomato during the seedling stage, especially when the infected seeds were sown. The diseases increased rapidly 35 days after seeding. In both continuous cultivation of cucumber and rotation with upland crops, incidence of Fusarium wilt was severe while incidence of the disease was negligible in cultivations after paddy rice or grafting on pumpkin. Downy mildew of cucumber was severe in Jinju and Suncheon area, however, it was not so serious in Namji area where the growing season of cucumber was unfavorable for the maximum disease incidence. Cucumber mosaic virus disease was prevalent in the areas surveyed and the disease incidence was increased rapidly after June. Powdery mildew prevailed at the early stage of cucumber growth after transplanting in Namji area. Root rot and wilting caused by Phytophthora capsici was as the most destructive disease in pepper grown under the vinyl house, especially in Namji and Jinju area where the pepper has been cultivated intensively. The Phytophthora attacked most parts of young plants during the winter time and then induced crown rot on the adults plants. Cultivation of pepper in vinyl house was almost impossible because of the Phytophora disease by the end of June. Virus diseases to tomato plants were prevalent throughout the surveyed area and the damage was also severe. In Jinju and Gimhae area leaf mold and late blight showed high infection rate in tomato during the harvest time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.497-508
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• 2006

This study was conducted to obtain the basic information on rice cold damage and relationship to be connected with cold tolerance. The 20 rice varieties were screened to cold tolerance under low water temperature condition. The water gradient were controlled to $17^{\circ}C$ at the inlet and $21^{\circ}C$ at outlet of screening field. In the relationship between cold water irrigation and growth of rice varieties, effect on medium maturing cultivars were higher than early maturing cultivars. In relationship of shorting of culm length and panicle exsertion, culm length and panicle exsertion showed positive correlation. Yield of cultivars and culm length and percent of fertile grain showed positive correlation. However, heading date presented negative correlation. In the early maturing cultivars, except 'Kumobyeo', all cultivars range of discoloration value (1-3) was resistant. In the medium maturing cultivars, 'Donghaebyeo' was resistant in both the seedling stage whereas 'Hwajinbyeo' was resistant only in tiller stage. Cold water irrigation reduced spikelet number per panicle and percent of filled grain. Unhulled rice yield was increased according to water temperature gradient from inlet to outlet. There was varietal differences in head rice recovery by cold water treatment.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.432-442
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe restraint use in care of patients with psychiatric disorders in an attempt to avoid unnecessary restraint use and provide information for developing standards regarding restraint use as a therapeutic maneuver. Methods: For this descriptive study, discharge records from N National Mental Hospital in the year 2009 were reviewed by trained nurses during Dec. 24, 2010 and Mar. 31, 2011. There were 596 restrains applied on 232 of 1,322 discharges. Data collected include general characteristic of patients, the frequency of restraint use, time since admission when restraint was applied, time of the day when restraint was applied, duration of restraint application, place of occurrence, reasons for restraint use, and degree of damage to the patent. Work experience of nurses who applied restraints, number of workforce at the time of restraint, and season of the year was also identified. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ and Jonckheere-Terpstra were applied using SPSS 14.0 to analyze the data. Results: There were 596 restraint uses among 232 patients. Restraints were applied most frequently on males in their 40s, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, and patients repeating admissions more than 6 times. Restraints were frequently applied within first week following admission, between 16:00 and 20:00, and the average duration of restraint was 5 hours. There were significant differences according to diagnoses of patients in the season restraint occured, time, place of occurrence, reason for restraint, and duration of restraint. Patients with alcoholism received longer restraint application. Conclusion: In order to avoid unnecessary restraint use in patients with psychiatric disorders, nurses and other health care team members need to acknowledge a group of patients such as patients with schizophrenia and alcoholism who relatively frequently restrained or receiving longer restraint. Reasonable and careful decision need to be made when applying restraint in the care of patients with alcohol problem.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2008

As the grid-connected photovoltaic power conditioning systems (PVPCS) are installed in many residential areas, these have raised potential problems of network protection on electrical power system. One of the numerous problems is an Islanding phenomenon. There has been an argument that it may be a non-issue in practice because the probability of islanding is extremely low. However, there are three counter-arguments: First, the low probability of islanding is based on the assumption of 100% power matching between the PVPCS and the islanded local loads. In fact, an islanding can be easily formed even without 100% power matching (the power mismatch could be up to 30% if only traditional protections are used, e.g. under/over voltage/frequency). The 30% power-mismatch condition will drastically increase the islanding probability. Second, even with a larger power mismatch, the time for voltage or frequency to deviate sufficiently to cause a trip, plus the time required to execute a trip (particularly if conventional switchgear is required to operate), can easily be greater than the typical re-close time on the distribution circuit. Third, the low-probability argument is based on the study of PVPCS. Especially, if the output power of PVPCS equals to power consumption of local loads, it is very difficult for the PVPCS to sustain the voltage and frequency in an islanding. Unintentional islanding of PVPCS may result in power-quality issues, interference to grid-protection devices, equipment damage, and even personnel safety hazards. Therefore the verification of anti-islanding performance is strongly needed. In this paper, improved RPV method is proposed through considering power quality and anti-islanding capacity of grid-connected single-phase PVPCS in IEEE Std 1547 ("Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources to Electric Power Systems"). And the simulation results are verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2004

The human history has progressed closely related to land. Mankind started land administration as a tool of governance to make land the object of imposing taxation as well as developing the land administration as a concept of securing property rights. People have drawn boundary lines on the ground to form a land parcel according to the usage and/or ownership. Furthermore, the land administration has been developed as a registering system of cadastral records fer the public announcement of fixed boundary instead of changeable ground boundary. Currently the citizens demand the provision of accurate and diverse information on the land which is assessed to has high property value encouraged by the rapid development in the post-industrial society today. However, even though the fact that the Korean cadastral registers produced during the Land Investigation Project are still practically in use causes land-related disputes and promotes public mistrust because of the changed boundaries by parcel mutation, the expansion and contraction of map sheets and the quality deterioration and damage of map paper, but the ultimate resolution is not yet made so far. The distance difference between boundary points are compared and analyzed using TS surveying method in the research as a methodology to resolve the boundary inconsistency, the current problem of cadastral records. Consequently, I'd say that the new surveying method of registering the coordinates of real ground boundary has been regarded as more efficient than considering the matter on the map regardless of urban or rural areas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.48-55
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• 2013

Objective: The use of nanoparticle products is expected to present a potential harmful effect on consumers. Also, the lack of information regarding inhaled nanoparticles may pose a serious problem. In this study, we addressed this issue by studying pulmonary toxicity after nasal instillation of Al-NPs in SD rats. Methods: The animals were exposed to Al-NPs at 1 mg/kg body weight (low dose), 20 mg/kg body weight (medium dose) and 40 mg/kg body weight (high dose). To determine pulmonary toxicity, bronchoalveolar lavage (ts.AnBAL) fluid analysis and histopathological examination were conducted in rats. In addition, cell viability was investigated at 24 hours after the treatment with Al-NPs. Results: BAL fluid analysis showed that total cells (TC) count and total protein (TP) concentrations increased significantly in all treatment groups, approximately two to three times. Also, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 dose-dependently increased following nasal instillation of Al-NPs. However, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) levels showed no significant changes in a dose dependant manner in BAL fluid. In the cytotoxicity analysis, the treatment of Al-NPs significantly and dose-dependently induced cell viability loss (20 to 30%) and damage of cell membrane (5 to 10%) in rat normal lung epithelial cells (L2). Conclusions: Our results suggest that inhaled Al-NPs in the lungs may be removed quickly by alveolar macrophages with minimal inflammatory reaction, but Al-NPs have the potential to affect lung permeability. Therefore, extensive toxicity evaluations of Al-NPs are required prior to their practical application as consumer products.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.349-358
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• 2005

False sharing is a result of co-location of unrelated data in the same unit of memory coherency, and is one source of unnecessary overhead being of no help to keep the memory coherency in multiprocessor systems. Moreover. the damage caused by false sharing becomes large in proportion to the granularity of memory coherency. To reduce false sharing in a page-based DSM system, it is necessary to allocate unrelated data objects that have different access patterns into the separate shared pages. In this paper we propose call-site tracing-based shared memory allocator. shortly CSTallocator. CSTallocator expects that the data objects requested from the different call-sites may have different access patterns in the future. So CSTailocator places each data object requested from the different call-sites into the separate shared pages, and consequently data objects that have the same call-site are likely to get together into the same shared pages. We use execution-driven simulation of real parallel applications to evaluate the effectiveness of our CSTallocator. Our observations show that by using CSTallocator a considerable amount of false sharing misses can be additionally reduced in comparison with the existing techniques.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.67-77
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the problems of reclamation sites and the prospects of farming in reclamation areas seen by local governments and the KRC branches in Chungnam, Jeonbuk, and Jeonnam provinces. A mail survey method was used. The survey items were set for 15 items regarding the reclamation site situation, problems, and prospects. Seventy-five copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the local government, and 90 copies were sent to the KRC 165 copies in total. In response to the questionnaire, 72 recipients of the local governments responded, showing a 96% response rate, and 74 (82.2%) of the KRC responded. The overall response rate was 88.5%. The opinions on the rental method of the reclaimed land were found to differ according to the geographic conditions of the reclaimed land, the construction conditions, and the time. Regarding the survey on crops preferred for cultivation, rice was highest in both local governments (61%) and KRC (46%). When cultivating field crops in reclaimed land, 56% of local governments and 57% of KRC considered salinity as the most problematic or resolvable problem. Regarding growing other field crops in reclaimed land, salt and drainage problems were recognized as the biggest obstacles in all reclaimed land. As for technologies that need to be applied first for the future agriculture of reclamation land, KRC responded with automatic water management (48%) and local governments responded with unmanned agricultural machinery (32%). In order to diversify the land use in the reclamation area, it is necessary to reduce salt damage and ensure systematic maintenance, employing, for example, automatic water management facilities and drainage improvement methods. The results of this study can set a land use direction for reclamation sites and provide useful information for use in various forms.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.35 no.6_2
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• pp.1083-1093
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to detect the burned area change by direct burning of tree canopies and post-fire mortality of trees via analyzing satellite imageries from the Korea multi-purpose satellite-2 and -3 (KOMPSAT-2 and -3) for two large-fires over the Goseong-Sokcho and Gangneung-Donghae regions in April 2019. For each case, the burned area was compared between two dates: the day when the fire occurred and 15-18 days after it. As the results, within these two dates, there was no substantial difference in burned area of sites whose severities were marked as "Extreme", but sites with "High" and "Low" severities showed significant differences in burned area between the two dates. These differences were resulted from the lagged post-fire browning of canopies which was detected by images from in-situ observation,satellite, and the unmanned aerial vehicle. The post-fire browning started after 3-4 days and became apparent after 10-15 days. This study offers information about the timing to quantify the burned area by large fire and about the mechanism of post-fire mortality. Also, the findings can support policy makers in planning the restoration of the damaged areas.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2011

This experiment was carried out to confirm characteristics of macro granule (GG) for herbicidal efficacy by using remote-controlled aerial application (RCAA) to control annual and perennial weeds in rice paddy field, and phytotoxicity to rice and non target plants of formulation types. Herbicidal efficacy of GG applied by using RCAA was 93.6~96.6% in flooded direct sowing cultivation. There was no difference in phytotoxicity between the hand and the power applicator methods in terms of height, number of tiller and yield component. Herbicidal efficacy of GG applied by using RCAA was 92.7~97.3% in machine transplanting rice field. There was no difference in phytotoxicity between the hand and RCAA methods in terms of height, number of tiller and yield component. When suspension concentrate (SC) and GG were applied directly on Chinese cabbage, lettuce, cucumber, pepper, soybean and wild sesame, several symptoms of injury such as, the inhibition of growth, yellowish, leaf fall and withering was observed.