• Title/Summary/Keyword: daily step

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Study on the Energy Expenditure and Physical Capacity of Koreans in Industry (산업노동자(産業勞動者)의 작업대사량(作業代謝量)과 인력이용(人力利用)에 관(關)한 측정연구(測定硏究))

  • Kim, Dong-Jun;Kim, Myung-Hee;Shin, Kang-Ja
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.39-42
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    • 1972
  • This study was carried out on the energy expenditure and physical capacity of 504 persons from 17 occupations. The energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry using a Douglas' bag and Scholander's gas analyser. The physical capacity was determined by the Harvard's step test and the maximum oxygen consumption using a treadmill. The assessment of the daily energy expenditure for each subject was made by the factorial method using a record of the activies throughout 24 hours of every survey day. The total daily energy expenditure is the sum of all energy expenditure. This was calculated by multiplying the caloric value of the metabolic rate by the time spent on each activity. Most of the occupations involved moderate or heavy work.

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Development of GRld-eased Soil MOsture Routing Model (GRISMORM) Applied to Bocheongchun Watershed (격자기반의 토양수분추적표형 개발 : 보청천 유역 사례연구)

  • 김성준;채효석
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 1999
  • A GRId-based Soil MOsture Routing Model(GRISMORM) which predicts temporal variation and spatial distribution of water balance on a daily time step for each grid element of the watershed was developed. The model was programmed by C-language which aims for high flexibility to any kind of GIS softwares. The model uses ASCII-formatted map data supported by the irregular gridded map of the GRASS(Geographic Resources Analysis Support System)-GIS and generates daily or monthly spatial distribution map of water balance components within the watershed. The model was applied to Ipyunggyo watershed(75.6$km^2$) ; the part of Bocheongchun watershed. Predicted streamflows resulting from two years(95 and 96) daily data were compared with those observed at the watershed outlet. The results of temporal variation and spatial distribution of soil moisture are also presented by using GRASS.

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Development and Application of Computerized Dietary Analysis System (전산화를 통한 한국인 식생활 개선 방안 연구-식생활평가 시스템-)

  • 이기열
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.54-64
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    • 1987
  • The purpose of this study is to computerize all the necessary information on the daily food value and nutritional status for individuals and groups. In this research, a FOCUS-16jXT (16 bit personal computer ) compatible with IBM-PCjXT was used, and the database files and programs were created by using the dBASEIII package. The food life evaluation system consists of 3 subsystems of Reference, Nutrition Status Assessment and Food Source. The findings are summerized a8 follows: 1. Reference: This subsystem enables users to proceed to the next step, if necessary, by describing each subsystem. 2. Nutrition Status Assessment. 1) Food Habit Assessment: This subsystem determines whether the user has a good food habit or not, based on the answers for ten questions about daily food life. 2) Obesity Assessment: This subsystem calculates Broca index, which is used as a indicator of obesity. 3) Nutrient Intakes: When personal data such as age, sex, weight, height and food consumptions are input, it is possible to calculate the followings. i) Comparison between the amounts intaked and the recommended dietary daily allowances of various nutrients ii) Nutrient intakes from each food group and their composition rates for the nutrients iii) Nutrient intakes per unit body surface area iv) Composition of lipid intake 3. Food Sources: The appropriate food sources for the lacking nutrients will be recommended to the subjects.

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Customer Load Pattern Analysis using Clustering Techniques (클러스터링 기법을 이용한 수용가별 전력 데이터 패턴 분석)

  • Ryu, Seunghyoung;Kim, Hongseok;Oh, Doeun;No, Jaekoo
    • KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2016
  • Understanding load patterns and customer classification is a basic step in analyzing the behavior of electricity consumers. To achieve that, there have been many researches about clustering customers' daily load data. Nowadays, the deployment of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and big-data technologies make it easier to study customers' load data. In this paper, we study load clustering from the view point of yearly and daily load pattern. We compare four clustering methods; K-means clustering, hierarchical clustering (average & Ward's method) and DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise). We also discuss the relationship between clustering results and Korean Standard Industrial Classification that is one of possible labels for customers' load data. We find that hierarchical clustering with Ward's method is suitable for clustering load data and KSIC can be well characterized by daily load pattern, but not quite well by yearly load pattern.

Four months of rifampicin monotherapy for latent tuberculosis infection in children

  • Oh, Chi Eun;Menzies, Dick
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.65 no.5
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    • pp.214-221
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    • 2022
  • Diagnosing and treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important part of efforts to combat tuberculosis (TB). The Korean guidelines for TB published in 2020 recommend 2 LTBI regimens for children and adolescents: 9 months of daily isoniazid (9H) and 3 months of daily isoniazid plus rifampicin. Isoniazid for 6-12 months has been used to effectively treat LTBI in children for over 50 years. However, a long treatment period results in poor patient compliance. This review summarizes pediatric data on the treatment completion rate, safety, and efficacy of 4 months of daily rifampicin (4R) and evaluates the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rifampicin in children. The 4R regimen has a higher treatment completion rate than the 9H regimen and equivalent safety in children. The efficacy of preventing TB is also consistent with that of 9H when summarizing reports published to date. A shorter treatment period could increase patient compliance and, therefore, prevent TB in more patients. By using an effective, safe, and highly compliant regimen for the treatment of children with LTBI, we would become one step closer to our goal of eradicating TB.

Daily check device manufacture and efficiency Evaluation for daily Q.A (일일 정도관리를 위한 Daily check device 의 제작 및 효율성 평가)

  • Kim Chan Yong;Je Yeong Wan;Lee Je Hui;Park Heung Deuk
    • 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.19-22
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    • 2005
  • Introduction: Daily Q.A is the important step which must be preceded in a radiation treatment. Specially, radiation output measurement and laser alignment, SSD indicator related to a patient set-up recurrence must be confirmed for a reasonable radiation treatment. Daily Q.A proceeds correctness and a prompt way, and needs an objective measurement basis. Manufacture of the device which can facilitate confirmation of output measurement and appliances check at one time was requested. Methods and Materials: Produced the phantom formal daily check device which can confirm a lot of appliances check (output measurement and laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator) with one time of set up at a time, and measurement observed a linear accelerator (4 machine) for four months and evaluated efficiency. Result: We were able to confirm an laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator check at the same time, and out put measurement was possible with the same set up, so daily Q.A time was reduced, and were able to confirm an objective basis about each item measurement. As a result of having measured for four months, output measurement within ${\pm}\;2\%$, and measured laser alignment, field size, SSD indicator in range within ${\pm}\;1mm$. Conclusion: We can enforce output measurement and appliances check conveniently and time was reduced and was able to raise efficiency of business. We were able to bring n cost reduction by substitution expensive commercialized equipment. Further It is necessary to makes a product as strong and slight materials, and improve convenience of use.

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Estimation of Daily Maximum/Minimum Temperature Distribution over the Korean Peninsula by Using Spatial Statistical Technique (공간통계기법을 이용한 전국 일 최고/최저기온 공간변이의 추정)

  • 신만용;윤일진;서애숙
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.9-20
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    • 1999
  • The use of climatic information is essential in the industial society. More specialized weather servies are required to perform better industrial acivities including agriculture. Especially, crop models require daily weather data of crop growing area or cropping zones, where routine weather observations are rare. Estimates of the spatial distribution of daily climates might complement the low density of standard weather observation stations. This study was conducted to estimate the spatial distribution of daily minimum and maximum temperatures in Korean Peninsula. A topoclimatological technique was first applied to produce reasonable estimates of monthly climatic normals based on 1km $\times$ 1km grid cell over study area. Harmonic analysis method was then adopted to convert the monthly climatic normals into daily climatic normals. The daily temperatures for each grid cell were derived from a spatial interpolation procedure based on inverse-distance weighting of the observed deviation from the climatic normals at the nearest 4 standard weather stations. Data collected from more than 300 automatic weather systems were then used to validate the final estimates on several dates in 1997. Final step to confirm accuracy of the estimated temperature fields was comparing the distribution pattern with the brightness temperature fields derived from NOAA/AVHRR. Results show that differences between the estimated and the observed temperatures at 20 randomly selected automatic weather systems(AWS) range from -3.$0^{\circ}C$ to + 2.5$^{\circ}C$ in daily maximum, and from -1.8$^{\circ}C$ to + 2.2$^{\circ}C$ in daily minimum temperature. The estimation errors, RMSE, calculated from the data collected at about 300 AWS range from $1.5^{\circ}C$ to 2.5$^{\circ}C$ for daily maximum/minimum temperatures.

Prediction of Dormancy Release and Bud Burst in Korean Grapevine Cultivars Using Daily Temperature Data (기온자료에 근거한 주요 포도품종의 휴면해제 및 발아시기 추정)

  • Kwon Eun-Young;Song Gi-Cheol;Yun Jin I.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2005
  • An accurate prediction of dormancy release and bud burst in temperate zone fruit trees is indispensable for farmers to plan heating time under partially controlled environments as well as to reduce the risk of frost damage in open fields. A thermal time-based two-step phenological model that originated in Italy was applied to two important grapevine cultivars in Korea for predicting bud-burst dates. The model consists of two sequential periods: a rest period described by chilling requirement and a forcing period described by heating requirement. It requires daily maximum and minimum temperature as an input and calculates daily chill units (chill days in negative sign) until a pre-determined chilling requirement for rest release is met. After the projected rest release date, it adds daily heat units (anti-chill days in positive sign) to the chilling requirement. The date when the sum reaches zero isregarded as the bud-burst in the model. Controlled environment experiments using field sampled twigs of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars were carried out in the vineyard at the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in Suwon during 2004-2005 to derive the model parameters: threshold temperature for chilling and chilling requirement for breaking dormancy. The model adjusted with the selected parameters was applied to the 1994-2004 daily temperature data obtained from the automated weather station in the NHRI vineyard to estimate bud burst dates of two cultivars and the results were compared with the observed data. The model showed a consistently good performance in predicting the bud burst of 'Campbell Early' and 'Kyoho' cultivars with 2.6 and 2.5 days of root mean squared error, respectively.

A development of downscaling scheme for sub-daily extreme precipitation using conditional copula model (조건부 Copula 모형을 활용한 시간단위 극치강우량 상세화 기법 개발)

  • Kim, Jin-Young;Park, Chan-Young;Kwon, Hyun-Han
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.49 no.10
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    • pp.863-876
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    • 2016
  • Climate change projections for precipitation are in general provided at daily time step. However, sub-daily precipitation data is necessarily required for hydrologic design and management. Thus, a reliable downscaling model is needed to analyze impact of climate change on water resources. While daily downscaling models have been widely developed and applied in hydrologic and climate community, hourly downscaling models have not been properly developed. In this regard, this study aims at developing a hourly downscaling model that can better reproduce sub-daily extreme rainfalls using conditional copula model. The proposed model was applied to generate extreme rainfalls under the RCP 8.5 scenario for weather stations in South Korea, and design rainfalls were then finally provided. We expected that the future design rainfalls can be used for baseline data to evaluate impact of climate change on water resources.

Document Summarization Model Based on General Context in RNN

  • Kim, Heechan;Lee, Soowon
    • Journal of Information Processing Systems
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.1378-1391
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    • 2019
  • In recent years, automatic document summarization has been widely studied in the field of natural language processing thanks to the remarkable developments made using deep learning models. To decode a word, existing models for abstractive summarization usually represent the context of a document using the weighted hidden states of each input word when they decode it. Because the weights change at each decoding step, these weights reflect only the local context of a document. Therefore, it is difficult to generate a summary that reflects the overall context of a document. To solve this problem, we introduce the notion of a general context and propose a model for summarization based on it. The general context reflects overall context of the document that is independent of each decoding step. Experimental results using the CNN/Daily Mail dataset show that the proposed model outperforms existing models.