• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.461-470
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• 2007

Human can learn how to shape their brain electrical activity in a desired direction through continuous feedback of the electroencephalogram (EEG), and this technique is known as Neurofeedback (or EEG biofeedback), which has been used since the late 1960s in clinical applications. In this study, a portable wireless EEG (named wEEG) has been designed and implemented, which consists of a mobile station (a wireless two-channel EEG acquisition device) and a base station (a bridge between mobile station and computer). Moreover, a SensoriMotor Rhythm (SMR) training system was also implemented with the wEEG for enhancing attention with virtual environment. Experiment results based on 16 volunteers' (8 females and 8 males, average age is $27{\pm}4$) were reported in this paper. The results show that the SMR ratio of 87.5% subjects increased about 0.7% in training status than that in the stable status. With the proposed system, many training protocol scan be designed easily and can be done at home in our daily life conveniently. Additionally, the proposed system will be useful for disabled and aged people.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.373-383
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting shiftwork tolerance among nurses and provide basic data, ultimately, in formulating a plan for improving their shiftwork tolerance. Methods: The participants were 317 nurses who were working at three general hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul. Data analyzed t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS 20.0 program. Results: As for the sub-areas of shiftwork tolerance for the respondents, more than a half of nurses working at shifts suffered from insomnia, felt drowsy, complained of chronic fatigue, and were at the anxious and depressed state. Shiftwork tolerance differed by the daily intake of coffee and exercise. Shiftwork tolerance was significantly positively correlated with sleep-wake habits, hardiness, and flexibility and negatively correlated with a languidity. Regression analysis revealed that shiftwork tolerance was affected by age, sleep-wake habits, languidity, flexibility, and hardiness. Conclusion: To put the results, nurses had shiftwork tolerance affected by sleep-wake habits, languidity, and hardiness. It is therefore necessary to make a scheme for allowing nurses to improve hardiness and flexibility and decrease the languidity with the objective of improving their shiftwork tolerance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.1209-1215
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• 2001

We conducted this study to investigate 24 h leptin profiles and to ascertain whether leptin secretion occurs in a pulsatile manner in cattle. Plasma leptin concentrations were measured every 10 min for 24 h in five Holstein steers aged 10 months. Simultaneously, feeding behavior was recorded every 5 min during this experiment. In two of the five cattle, leptin showed diurnal rhythmicity, which could be described by a cosine, with peaks between 15:00 and 16:00 and nadirs at around midnight. Pulsatile leptin release was quantified by model-free Cluster analysis. Plasma leptin showed a pulsatile pattern in all cattle, with an average number of pulses at 15 peaks/24 h. The daily number of pulses was not related to total time spent eating, ruminating or chewing. However, when divided into six 4 h time intervals, time spent ruminating was positively related with pulse number (p=0.05) in cattle showing no diurnal plasma leptin variation. These results suggest that cattle may have unique diurnal variation and pulsatile patterns of plasma leptin, differing from those of monogastric animals.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

As for structural system, which constitutes his construction, there are column inside dimension and span which constitutes plane, and as for constructions for section, there are C.H and slab, and as for constructive factors for envelope, there are window and closing panel of outer wall, and as for opening, there are punching window and wave window. With these constructive parts and opening of envelope, his construction composes volume and mass. The relation of structure and modulor which are shown in his later construction can be divided in two cases that modulor is directly and indirectly adapted for rate and measure calculation of the constructive body. As for indirectly adapted case, we can find it form most of his later construction, it is living place in which human beings life is, and it is adapted mainly for small space. In his construction, he tried to tell human scale and sense of musical rhythm through modulor. In other words, he played sense of space and musical scale by adapting regular and repetitive modulor of opening, and in small space for daily life, he made the size of space into the space which human can perceive. And, if we interpret mudulor in modern meaning, it is an establishment of radius of human act. And, we can make organic and harmonic design of space if we use modulor as origin of human centered measurement calculation, and if we adapt space after dividing by use.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2016

The suitable temperature and salinity for the long-distance transportation for the rockfish were investigated by assessing survival rate, metabolism, histological change. All experimental groups showed survival rates of 100%. Daily Oxygen consumption rhythm was decreased during nights and increased during days. Average oxygen consumption was significantly decreased as temperature and salinity were decreased. Ammonia excretion was significantly increased as temperature and salinity were decreased. Histological changes were observed in the skin and gill of the rockfish exposed to 10 psu under all the temperature conditions, with larger changes at $4^{\circ}C$. Further, nucleus deformation and uniformity in the cytoplasm were also observed.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2023

This study aimed to develop a VR-based digital therapeutic intervention for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. The research combined medical data with virtual reality technology to develop an algorithm for ADHD diagnostic scales and implemented a VR-based digital therapeutic platform using a head-mounted display (HMD). This platform can be used for the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents. Additionally, we four VR games were developed, including archery timing, Antarctic exploration, grocery shopping, and rhythm-based drumming(RBD), incorporating various psychiatric treatment techniques based on cognitive-behavioral therapy(CBT). To evaluate the usability of this digital therapeutic intervention, a group of experts specialized in counseling psychology participated in the study. The evaluations received highly positive feedback regarding the ability to access the system menu while wearing the HMD, the consistency of terminology used in menus and icons, the usage of actual size for 3D graphic elements, and the support for shortcut key functionality. The assessments also indicated that the games could improve attention, working memory, and impulse control, suggesting potential therapeutic effects for ADHD. This intervention could provide a daily treatment method for families experiencing financial constraints that limit hospital-based therapies, thereby reducing the burden.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare both the performance of litters derived from two sire genetic origins (SGO), Vienna Blue (VB) and Burgundy Fawn (BF), along successive seasons of birth (SB; winter, spring, summer and autumn), and doe reproductive performance in an organic production system. A total of fifty-eight does consisting of a mixture of crosses of several medium-large size breeds at different parity order (P, 1 = nulliparous; 2 = primiparous; ${\geq}3$ = multiparous) and twelve males (6 VB and 6 BF) were housed indoors at environmental conditions that followed seasonality. An extensive reproductive rhythm was used and kits were weaned at $46{\pm}6$ d of age. Doe reproductive performance and the data of 105 litters (55 from VB and 50 from BF SGO) were recorded throughout the SB. No statistically significant differences related to SGO effect were observed. As regards parity order, multiparous does showed higher live weights (LW) (p<0.05), total born (p<0.01), total born alive (p<0.05) per delivery, and litter weight of born alive (p<0.05), but lower milk output at 21st d than primiparous does (p<0.05). The extensive reproductive rhythm mainly increased litter performance at birth in multiparous does but was not sufficient to permit a complete recovery of body reserves lost during lactation. Autumn SB negatively affected doe LW variation between deliveries. The number of pups born and born alive per delivery (p<0.05) and litter size at 21 d of age and at weaning (p<0.01) were lower during hot SB. Due to the lower litter size of pups born in summer and autumn, their individual weight at 21st d of age and daily individual growth rate 0 to 21 d were higher than those of pups born in winter (p<0.001). Litter performance at 21st d of age and individual pup pre-weaning growth rate were poorer for those born in spring than in other seasons due to the harmful effects of increased environmental temperatures. SB affected most of the performance traits of does and young rabbits reared under the organic farming system. The rabbits seemed better suited to organic rearing conditions during winter than in other seasons. The worst results overall were obtained in the spring SB, whereas the hot SB negatively affected both doe energy balance and prolificacy. In conclusion, the pups of the 2 SGO showed good pre-weaning performance and seemed suited to the organic rabbit production system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

목 적 : 광치료는 계절성 기분장애, 약간의 비계절성 주요 우울장애 및 월경전우울증 등의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 저자들은 일중주기리듬의 장애가 병인론으로 제시되고 있는 월경전 불쾌기분 장애에 대한 광치료 효과를 평가하기 위하여 광치료의 임상시도를 하였다. 방 법 : DSM-IV의 월경전 불쾌기분장애 진단기준에 충족되는 4명의 환자에서 광박스(light box,Apolo bright lite III)를 이용한 저녁 광치료(6:30-8:00pm) 시도하였다. 결 과 : 연구대상은 광치료 후, 그 정도에는 차이가 있으나, 월경전기 증상과 더불어 우울기분과 불안이 감소하는 변화를 보였다. 본 연구는 임상시도로 연구대상이 적고, 위약 효과의 통제가 없으며, 증상 평가 방법에 있어 어려움 등 한계가 있으나, 이러한 변화는 특히 비정형 우울증상이 있는 환자에서 두드러졌으며, 신체증상보다는 심리증상에 보다 효과적인 결과를 보였다. 결 론 : 광치료는 월경전불쾌기분 장애 환자의 약물학적 치료에 대안적 방법으로 볼 수 있겠다. 향후 보다 많은 수의 환자를 대상으로, 위약대조 교차연구(아침, 저녁 광치료)가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1988

사육실조건($25pm$$1^{\circ}C$, 광주기 16L:8D, 상대습도 60%)에서 조사된 담배나방(Heliothis assclta Gueness)의 우화, 교미 및 산란의 행동과 일일리듬은 다음과 같다. 불꺼진 후 3시나 이내에 75% 이상이 우화하였으며, 우화된 날개확장과 경화까지는 약 33분이 소요되었다. 성충 수컷은 교미때까지 촉각 운동, 날개 진동, hairpencils확장 , 암컷 산란관 두드림등 일련의 행동을 보였으나, 암컷은 복부끝의 수죽과 이완, 날개 진동 등의 다소 단순한 행동을 보였다. 모든 교미는 암기간 전반기에 주로 일어났으며, 불꺼진 2시간 전후에서 최대 피크를 보였으나, 처녀 암컷의 경우 연령증가에 따라 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 교미율은 24시간된 미교미암컷에 가장 높았으며, 연령증가에 따라 감소되는데 같은 경향이 미교미수컷에서도 나타났다. 교미지속기단은 평균 $77\pm$14분이었다. 산란 역시 암기간 전체를 통하여 일어났지만, 불꺼진 후 2시간 이내에 최적 피크를 보였으며, 산란수는 교미후 3일에서 가장 많았다. 교미율, 산란수, 수명은 성비에 따라 달랐으며, 교미한 성충의 수명이 교미하지 않은 것보다 더 짧았다.