• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 1990

In the present experiment, the relationship between rumination and the amount of roughage eaten by sheep was investigated in detail. Daily time spent eating was obviously changed along with an increase or decrease in daily hay intake. Daily time spent ruminating and daily number of boli regurgitated was also linearly increased or decreased with an increase or decrease of daily hay intake, and there were regression lines between daily amount of hay eaten and daily ruminating time or daily number of boli with statistical significant coefficients. Cyclic rate (total rumination time(s)/number of boli regurgitated) and daily number of rumination periods did not change in an outline along with the changes in daily hay intake. From these results, it can be suggested that daily dry matter intake by sheep could be presumed by measuring daily time spent ruminating when they were fed only roughage feed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the interrelationship between fasting serum insulin, eating behaviour, daily energy intake and the fatness in obese and non-obese women. The possibility of fasting serum insulin as potential predictive factor for eating behaviour and daily energy intake was also investigated. The results are as follows: 1) In obese women ; Subjects with higher fasting serum insulin were associated with higher speed of eating and shorter meal duration time. No association could be found between daily energy intake or the degree of obesity and fasting serum insulin. There was a significant positive correlation between obesity, daily energy intake and speed of eating. Obesity, daily energy intake were negatively related to meal duration time. Subjects with a rapid speed of eating were apt to overeat during eating behaviour experiment. Our findings suggested that a rapid speed of eating is a contributing factor to the development of obesity in obese women. 2) In non-obese women ; While subjects with higher insulin level were apt to overeat, we could not find any relation between overeating and daily energy intake. There was no correlation between eating speed and daily energy intake, but a significant positive correlation was found between meal duration time and daily energy intake. The degree of fatness was increased with the lower daily energy expenditure per body weight, or the higher waist hip girth ratio, fasting serum insulin and daily energy intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 1995

A study was conducted to investigate nitrogen balance and to estimate daily nitrogen requirement in 43 Korean female college students students maintaining their usual diet and activity levels. Nitrogen intake and excretion were measured in two separate peroids about one month apart, each period lasting for 3 days. Nitrogen intake was assessed by duplicate portion analysis of diet, and N excretion in faces and urine were measured during the study period. Mean daily nitrogen intake level was 129.3mg/kg B.W and the apparent digestibility of nitrogen was 76%. Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion was 113.5mg/kg BW. 895 of total nitrogen intake. Mean daily nitrogen balance of subjects was -14.5mg/kg BW. Mean daily requirements of nitrogen for 0 balance, calculated by regression analysis of N balance and energy-adjusted N intake. were 1) 197.mg/kg B.W with the present energy intake level of the study subjects. 2) 157mg/kg B.W when energy intake is sufficient to maintain energy balance, and 30 130mg/kg B.W. when energy intake is Korean RDA level for moderate activity. When energy intake level is sufficient to meet their requirement, daily protein requirement for 0 balance is about 1.0g/kg B.W. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake level of young female college students is not sufficient to meet their requirements, and they should increase protein intake together with increase in energy intake.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate daily intake of manganese in Korean adults. Manganese intake was estimated through the use of the database of manganese content in frequently consumed Korean foods after first conducting anthropometric measurement and a survey on dietary intake with 354 Korean adults. Average age, height, weight and body mass index were 54.6 years, 165.7 cm, 67.2 kg and $24.5\;kg/m^2$ in males and 53.8 years, 153.7 cm, 59.1 kg and $24.9\;kg/m^2$ in females. The daily energy intakes of subjects were 1740.1 kcal in males and 1432.6 kcal in females. Male and female subjects recorded, respectively, 5.2 mg and 4.1 mg in manganese intake indicating that the male subjects consume more manganese (p<0.001). And they posted, respectively, 3.0 mg and 2.9 mg in manganese intake per 1000 kcal of energy consumption; it turned out that there was no significant difference. Daily manganese intake of both males and females posted, respectively, 148.8% and 135.2% of the adequate intake, and 8 males and 3 females surpassed the tolerable upper intake level. It is suggested that the study for accurate determination of manganese consumption needs to be more diversified based on the database of manganese content in Korean foods.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Objectives: Although water is essential for life and can supply essential minerals, studies that evaluate calcium intake through drinking water are limited. The aim of this study was to assess calcium contents of natural mineral water (NMW) and its possible contribution to calcium intake in healthy adults. Methods: This study examined water consumption in 640 Korean adults with self-selected diet, analyzed the calcium content of 10 different brands of bottled NMWs sold in Korea, and assessed the amount of calcium intake from drinking water and its daily contribution to the recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of calcium. Results: Mean calcium content in 10 bottled NMWs was 20.9 mg/l. Daily water intakes from food composition database and calculated using energy intake based on 0.53 ml/kcal were 957.2 ml and 1109.8 ml for men and 848.3 ml and 951.6 ml for women, respectively, with a significant difference by gender (p<0.001). Daily drinking water intake was significantly higher among men than women (1203.9 ml vs. 1004.3 ml, respectively, p<0.001). Daily calcium intakes from foods were 564.0 mg for men and 534.2 mg for women. Daily possible calcium intakes from drinking bottled water were 25.2 mg for men and 21.0 mg for women (p<0.001). The contribution of daily calcium intake from drinking bottled water to RNI of calcium was 3.3% for men and 2.9% for women without significant difference. Conclusions: One half of the daily total water intake was consumed as drinking water, and possible calcium intake through drinking water was about 3% of RNI.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.1 s.91
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• pp.80-87
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to identify the perceptional patterns of Korean traditional food and to compare the preference and intake frequencies of daily traditional Korean food among the identified perceptional patterns in the Yuabian area. Data were collected from 261 Korean housewives in Yanbian and underwent cluster and group mean analysis. The results revealed two different patterns: tradition-oriented vs. modem-oriented. Descriptive statistics showed that perceptional patterns are likely to vary depending on socio-demographic background as well as the preference and intake frequencies of daily traditional food. Similarities and differences in these perceptional patterns, the preference and the intake frequencies of traditional daily food are discussed, and future implications for food nutritionists and Asia marketers are presented.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 1993

This study was carried out to estimate the dally intake of lead and the relationship among dietary In take, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium In 30 healthy adults living In rural area of Korea (12 males and 18 females). Analyses for the nutritional status of the subjects were performed by 3-day dietary intake record, duplicated diet collection, 24-hour urine collection, and venous blood sampling. The results were as follows The mean daily intake of energy was 2,176.3kcal and 1,613.9kcal in males and (tamales of 20∼49years, and 1,914.8kcal and 1,517.9kcal in males and females of 50∼59years, respectively The ratio of carbohydrate : fat : protein was 73.4:13.6:13.0 in males and 76.4:10.3:13.3 In females. The mean daily intake of lead was 277.2Pg in males and 192.0ug in females. The mean daily intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium were 491.1mg, 8.9mg/dl, and 80.7mg in males and 426.7mg, 8.8mg /dl, and 80.3mg in females, respectively. No significant correlation was found between the daily lead intake and the dietary intake, serum level, and urinary excretion of calcium. It was concluded that the daily lead intake was lower than the acceptable daily lead intake of FAO/WHO but a little higher than that of other investigations. And the daily lead intake was not level that relate to calcium status seriously.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.379-390
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• 2003

The daily food intake and its related factors of the elderly(aged over 60) living in Incheon were compared. Self administered questionnaires were collected from 418 elderly. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: About 70% of elderly took grains and starch foods relatively high. The daily intakes of them was significantly influenced by ages of elderly, self-perceived health status, degree of drinking, meal regularity and nutritional balance of meals. More than 80% of elderly responded to take the food group of meat, fish and eggs poorly. Among various factors, the residence type and snack intake frequency influenced the daily intake of those foods statistically. A half of elderly took the vegetables and fruits everyday more than average. The daily consumption of vegetables and fruits was significantly influenced by sex, ages, exercise, snack intake frequency and preference of spices. Most elderly consumed fewer servings of milk and dairy products. About 60% of them did not take milk and dairy products daily. The daily contribution of those foods was significantly influenced by residence and exercise. 45.5% of elderly took oils and sugars more than average everyday which was influenced significantly by residence, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. In conclusion, the important influencing factors on the daily food intakes of elderly might be related to ages, residence, family, smoking, drinking, exercise, snack intake frequency and meal regularity. Therefore, a situation-oriented and practically organized nutrition education and ingestion support programs which consider the elderlies' socioeconomic status may help to improve the daily food intake of elderly in Incheon area.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-133
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• 2013

Previous studies have shown that sodium excretion is positively related to calcium excretion in the urine. As excessive sodium intake is a common nutritional problem in Korea, we intended to investigate associations among sodium intake levels and calcium status, evaluated by 24 hour recall method and urinary excretion, and bone status. We collected dietary information for non-consecutive three days from 139 young adult women 19~29 years. After classifying the subjects into 4 groups based on the dietary sodium levels by daily total sodium intake (mg) and sodium density (sodium intake per 1000 kcal energy intake), we compared the bone status, nutrient intakes, urinary calcium and sodium excretions. The results showed a positive association between total daily sodium intake and intake of other nutrients. However, no significant differences in nutrients intakes were observed among subject groups classified by sodium density levels. There were no significant differences of bone density among groups by total daily sodium intake as well as by sodium density. While total daily sodium intake showed significantly positive relationship with urinary sodium (p < 0.05) and calcium (p < 0.05), sodium density was not related to urinary excretion of calcium and sodium. Our results suggested that promoting balanced meals providing appropriate amounts of energy intake is the essential component of nutrition education for improving calcium status of young Korean women with excessive sodium intake.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.284-296
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to examine the levels of serum lipids and lipoproteins of college students and the correlations between serum lipid levels and food habits. 202 college students(99 males and 103 females) were selected as subjects for this study during November, 1993. The mean height and weight were 173.2 cm, 63.7 kg for males and 159.4 cm, 50.8 kg for females, respectively. The mean serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG levels were 172.2, 103.4, 52.3 and 82.3 for males and 182.4, 111.6, 56.3 and 72.5 mg 161 for females, respectively. Serum lipid levels of males were significantly lower than those of females except TG. There was no significant difference In TG levels between males and females. Food habit scores of females were significantly higher than those of males. The significantly different items between males and females were numbers of daily meal intake, duration of meal intake, regular daily Intakes of cereals, fruits, vegetables and animal fat, exercise, alcohol intake and smoking. Food habit score of Items except exercise in females were higher than those of items in males. LDL-C and LPH were positively correlated with food habit score. TC and LDL-C were positively correlated with eating-out, alcohol intake, smoking but negatively correlated with numbers of daily meal intake. HDL-C was positively correlated with overeating, but negatively correlated with cholesterol intake. There was no significant correlation between TG and food habit items. Regular meal intake was positively correlated to LPH by having a negative correlation with HDL-C in males and regular daily intake of cereal was positively correlated to LPH by haying a positive correlation with LDL-C in females. There were significant correlation between food habits and anthropometric measurements. Height and weight were positively correlated with daily meal intake and exercise but negatively correlated with duration of meal intake, daily intakes of cereals, vegetables fruits and animal fat, smoking, alcohol intake. Smoking was negatively correlated with height and weight in males, over-eating was negatively correlated with height in females. Finally this study showed an interesting results that balanced intake of five basic food groups were positively correlated with weight in males but with height in females.