• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.54-59
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• 2019

Yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) are very promising insects for the food and feed industry. Because mealworms are in the spotlight as an alternative protein source in the future, it is necessary to develop efficient rearing techniques for mass production. To evaluate the effects of brewer's yeast (BY) on the growth of mealworms, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, the mealworms were fed with wheat bran (WB) diets containing different levels of BY (0, 10, 30, 50, and 70%). Larval survival, larval weight, development time, pupal weight and eclosion rate were monitored for 12 weeks. The results showed that mealworms fed on the diets containing 30% and 50% of BY have significantly higher weight gain, specific growth rate and daily weight gain, and lower larval duration than fed the control diet (100% WB) and other BY diets (10% and 70% BY). Larval survival on the diets containing 30% and 50% of BY was higher than on control diet. Pupal weight and eclosion rate were not significantly different among all diets. In conclusion, we suggest feeding the diet containing 30% of brewer's yeast with wheat bran in order to increase the production of mealworms.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. W44 and J124 strain isolated from Kimchi on the growth rate, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion and change of intestine microflora in the weaning piglets. In the experiment 1, growth rate was significantly increased to $28.5\;{\pm}\;4.3\;kg$ and $27.6\;{\pm}\;3.3\;kg$ after oral administration of W44 and J124 strain as feed additives, respectively (p<0.05). ADG and feed conversion were also significantly improved after administration during 44 experiment days (p<0.05). In the analysis of intestinal microflora, the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the experiment groups was significantly increased 100 to 1,000 times compared to those of control group. In the experiment 2, the efficacy of W44 and J124 strains on the growth rate, ADG, feed conversion and change of intestine microflora were reconfirmed significantly (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences on feed conversion in the W44 bead and J124 bead groups. In summary, our results suggest that W-44 and J-124 stains from Kimchi have a significant effect on the weight gain and feed conversion, and it may be useful probiotic strains for the weaning piglets as feed additives.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1314-1326
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• 2023

Sheep and goats can efficiently convert low quality forage into high-quality meat which contains specific nutrients and quality traits. Carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat depend upon several factors and one of most effective strategies amongst these is feeding regimens. In this review, the major aspects of feeding regimens affecting growth rate, carcass traits and quality attributes of sheep and goat meat are thoroughly discussed, with a particular focus on physical-chemical composition, flavor profile, and fatty acid (FA) profile. Grazing lambs and kids receiving concentrate or under stall-feeding systems had greater average daily gain and carcass yield compared with animals reared on pasture only. However, growth rate was higher in lambs/kids grazing on pastures of improved quality. Moreover, the meat of grazing lambs receiving concentrate had more intense flavor, intramuscular fat (IMF) content, and unhealthy FA composition, but comparable color, tenderness, juiciness, and protein content compared to that of lambs grazed on grass only. In contrast, meat of concentrate-fed lambs had more intense color, greater tenderness and juiciness, IMF and protein contents, and lower flavor linked to meat. Additionally, the meat of kids grazed on concentrate supplementation had higher color coordinates, tenderness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, whereas juiciness and flavor protein content were similar. In contrast, kids with concentrate supplementation had superior color coordinates, juiciness, IMF content and unhealthy FA composition, but lower tenderness and flavor intensity compared to pasture-grazed kids. Thus, indoor-finished or supplemented grazing sheep/goats had higher growth rate and carcass quality, higher IMF content and unhealthy FA composition compared to animals grazed on grass only. Finally, supplementation with concentrate increased flavor intensity in lamb meat, and improved color and tenderness in kid meat, whereas indoor-fed sheep/goats had improved color and juiciness as well as reduced flavor compared to pasture-grazed animals.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1990

Pregnant Wister rats were given daily subcutaneous administrations of methamphetamine (MAPT; varying doses ranging from 1.0 to 4.5mg/kg) from days 7 to20 of gestation and teratogenic effects have been determined. The teratogenic effects inducible with orally administered caffeine (90mg/kg/day)for the same durations were used as the positive controls. MAPT doses greater than 2.0 mg/kg have suppressed the rate of maternal weight gain. Some of the offsprings (F1) of the prenatal MAPT treated groups had decreased growth rate and delayed development of physical characters and functional reflexes. The male offsprings of the MAPT treated groups had significant decreases in their spontaneous motor activity but had enhanced conditioned avoidance responses. However, the mating performances of these offsprings were not affected. These results indicated that prenatal exposure of MAPT may induce some behavioral teratogenicity in rats.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.257-261
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• 2003

환경 친화적인 양식 생산성 향상 연구의 일환으로 육상의 폐쇄 사육 시스템에서 전복의 양식 기술개발을 위하여 참전복을 대상으로 최적 사육 밀도를 구명하기 위하여 회전원판식 순환여과 사육시스템에서 사육밀도가 성장과 생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 평균중량 32 g내외의 크기의 참전복을 각각 5, 10, 15 kg/$m^2$의 사육밀도로 수용하여 사료의 단백질 함량이 30.4% 함유된 전복용 배합사료를 실험기간동안 매일 공급하여 사육한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험기간동안 사육수온 18.0∼26.5(22.8$\pm$1.6)$^{\circ}C$, 염분 31.1∼34.5(33.2$\pm$0.8), 용존산소 4.8∼7.3(6.5$\pm$0.4)mg/L를 유지하였다. 일간사료공급률, 일간성장률 및 사료효율은 각각 5 kg/$m^2$ 실험구에서 0.76%, 0.19%, 24.2%, l0 kg/$m^2$ 실험구에서 0.75%, 0.13%, 17.4%, 15 kg/$m^2$ 실험구에서 0.38%,0.05%, 14.3%를 보였으며, 사육 밀도가 높은 실험구일수록 일간사료공급률, 일간성장률 및 사료효율이 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 또한 생존율도 5, 10, 15 kg/$m^2$에서 각각 85.5%, 96.0% 및 31.2%로 고밀도 실험구에서 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 환경친화적인 육상 순환여과 사육시스템에서 전복이 먹이 섭취를 위한 사육공간의 확보와 전복의 성장률 및 생존율을 고려한 참전복, Haliotis discus hannai의 적정 사육밀도는 5∼10 kg/$m^2$로 추정되었다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.158-166
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• 2009

본 연구는 동갈돗돔의 양식생물학적 기초자료를 확보하고자 염분의 영향과 수온의 영향을 조사하였다. 염분의 경우 수정란의 부화와 부상률, 자어의 부상률 및 생존율, 치어의 성장과 생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 수온의 경우 일간 수온 변화 정도, 급성 저수온 충격, 완만한 수온 감소에 따른 생존, 먹이섭식 및 유영능력을 조사하였다. 염분의 영향에서 수정란의 부화율과 부상률 및 자어의 부상률과 생존율은 자연 해수 염분(32 psu)에 가까울수록 높게 나타났다. 치어의 성장과 생존의 경우에는 기수의 염분(5~20 psu)의 경우 해수 염분(25~32 psu)과 유의한 차이가 없었다. 다만 담수의 경우만 유의하게 낮았다. 수온의 영향에 관한 3가지 실험 모두에서 급성이던 만성이던 수온의 하락폭이 클수록 생존율, 먹이섭식 및 유영활동이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로 본 실험을 통해 동갈돗돔은 성장과 생존은 일반 해수염분에서 가장 좋았고, 월동의 임계수온은 $8^{\circ}C$로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.997-1003
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• 2006

An experiment with twenty crossbred goat kids (male) of 2-3 months old, weighing about 12 kg was conducted to study the effect of feeding formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake based diet supplemented with molasses on growth rate and histopathological changes of different organs. Goats were randomly divided into four groups of 5 animals each and were individually fed for a period of 120 days. The animals in group I (URC) and II (URCM) were fed concentrate mixture (CM-I) containing untreated rape seed oil cake (30%) while, the animals in group III (TRC) and IV (TRCM) were offered concentrate mixture (CM-II) containing formaldehyde treated rape seed oil cake. Further, molasses as energy source was additionally supplemented with the concentrate mixture at the rate of 8% of concentrate mixture on dry matter basis to animals in group II and IV. All the animals were maintained on roughage (Berseem hay:wheat straw = 2:1) and concentrate in 50:50 ratio. Average daily gain (g/d) of animals in group IV was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in group I., but at par with group II and III. Feed conversion efficiency was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in group IV (10.14) than group I and II but at par with group III. The growth rate however increased by 50.2% in group IV showing more consistency in maintaining highest growth rate due to better balance of nutrients. At the end of four months of feeding trial, two animals from each group were sacrificed for histopathological study of different organs. Significant histopathological changes in liver, heart, lungs tissue of animals fed untreated rape seed oil cake diet were recorded which were totally absent in the organ of animals fed formaldehyde treated cake. The liver tissue of goats receiving control diet (containing untreated rape seed oil cake) were found to be associated with engorged central vein and blood vessels. Hepatocytes were swollen, pale and degenerated with cellular infiltration and fibrosis of portal areas. The muscles of heart were found to have intermyofibral edema. Emphysema accompanied by dilated and ruptured alveoli was also recorded in lung tissue. However, histopathological examination of various tissues of goats fed formaldehyde treated cake diet did not exhibit any degenerative changes. Additional supplementation of molasses with or without treated cake diet, apparently did not have any significant effect on ameliorating the above degenerative changes.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2002

큰이랑피조개의 적정양성 밀도와 양성방법에 따른 성장 관계를 구명하기 위하여 충남 태안군 안면읍 승언리 내파수도 앞바다에서 2000년 4월부터 2001년 10월까지 양성시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 양성시험 기간 중 표층수온은 4.2~25.5$^{circ}C$, 염분은 30.23~32.15 $textperthousand$, 용존산소는 5.12~7.16 $mell$/L이었고, pH는 7.84~8.17이었다. 영양염류 중 인산염은 0.22~0.56 $mu$M 및 용존무기질소는 3.16~9.10 $mu$M, 부유물질은 7.6~17.9 mg/L, COD는 0.46~1.61mg/L 및 chlorophyll-a는 0.92~5.93$\mu\textrm{g}$/L로 양성에 비교적 적합하였다. 각장의 일간성장 값은 채롱수하식이 0.066~0.071mm/day, 바닥식은 0.Off~o.082mm/day로 밀도가 높을수록 낮았으며, 전중량의 일간성장 값은 채롱수하식이 0.067~0.082 g/day, 바닥식은 0.099~0.114 g/day로 밀도가 높을 수록 낮았다. .양성방법에 따른 성장률의 유의적 검증에서 각장은 채롱수하식과 바닥식 모두 유의적 차이가 없었으나 (P = 0.08), 전중량에서는 유의차가 있었다 (P = 0.0004). 양성밀도에 따른 각장 성장률의 유의적 검증에서 밀도에 따른 각장의 차이가 뚜렷하였다 (P < 0.0001). 또한 전중량도 각장과 같이 채롱수하식 (P < 0.0001)과 바닥식 모두 유의차가 있었다 (P : 0.0012). 각장과 전중량의 일간성장률은 수온이 낮아짐에 따라 성장률도 낮아지는 경향으로 전중량보다는 각장 성장에 뚜렷한 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 수하식으로 양성한 것은 바닥식에 비해 패각 중량은 무거웠으나 육중량이 가벼울 뿐 만 아니라 동일 각장에서도 개체의 무게가 가벼웠다. 밀도별 생존율은 채롱수하식이 42.5~93.3%, 바닥식은 83.3~93.3%로 채롱수하식 및 바닥식 모두 밀도가 낮은 30개체구에서 가장 높은 생존율을 나타냈으며, 양성밀도가 높아질수록 낮았다

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

가덕도 조간대 천해역에서 1998년 1월부터 12월까지 매월 갓후리그물(망목: 5 mm)로 채집한 문치가자미(Limanda yokohamae) 유어의 이석에 나타나는 미세구조와 일륜수를 관찰하여 연령 및 초기성장을 분석하였다. 문치가자미의 유어는 2월에서 4월까지 출현하였고 평균체장은 2월에 $22.6{\pm}1.77\;mm$ ($\pm$SD), 3월에는 $23.6{\pm}3.86\;mm$, 4월에는 $38.2{\pm}8.38\;mm$였다. 이석의 핵 직경은 $18{\sim}21\;{\mu}m$이었으며 부화정지선 이후부터는 좁은 동심원상의 성장선이 생성되고, 부화 후 48~56일이 지나면 이차성장핵이 형성되었다. 이 시기에 치어가 변태를 마치고 저서생황을 시작하여 천해역으로 이동하는 것으로 추정되었다. 이후부터는 성장속도가 빨라지고, 특히 전단부와 후단부의 성장이 빨라졌다. 일륜수로부터 역추산한 부화일은 11월 말에서 1월 초까지로 주로 12월에 부화되었다. 체장 (L)은 이석의 장반경 (R)에 대하여 L=0.055 R+5.81 ($r^2=0.88$) 로 회귀되었으며, 체장과 일륜수를 이용한 Gompertz 성장식은 $L_t=3.39e^{4.51(1-e^{-0.0067t})}$ ($r^2=0.81$) 로 추정되었다. 체장의 성장률은 부화 후 70 일 때는 0.35 mm/d에 서 120일 때는 0.55 mm/d로 자라면서 계속 성장률이 증가 추세를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1447-1451
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization, small intestine protease activity and immunity index of weaner to 2 month-old New Zealand rabbits. Eighty weaner rabbits were allocated in individual cages to five treatments in which they were fed diets with CP at 14%, 16%, 18%, 20% and 22%, respectively. The growth performance and nutrient digestibility of rabbits increased firstly when dietary CP increased, then decreased. The average daily gain was the highest and feed conversion rate was the lowest when dietary CP reached 20%, namely 34.9 g/d and 2.74:1, respectively. Maximum CP digestibility was 72.1% in the 18% CP group, maximum crude fiber digestibility of 28.4% occurred in the 16% CP group and was significantly different from other treatments (p<0.01), apparent digestibility of Lys and Val followed the same trend as CP digestibility, and reached their maximum when dietary CP was 18%. Apparent digestibility of Cys, Tyr, Leu and Thr also had a similar trend to CP digestibility. Nitrogen retention (RN) increased with CP level (p>0.05), and was highest for 20% CP treatment (1.5 g/d). The effect of CP level on the rate of digestible nitrogen (DN) converted RN was small. The spleen index, thymus index, chymotrypsin and trypsin activities in small intestine were highest when dietary CP was 16%, which were 1.0, 2.8, 15.7 U/g and 125.7 U/g, respectively. There was no significant difference among treatments (p>0.05). According to the above results, the appropriate dietary CP level from weaner to 2 month-old meat rabbits was 18-20%.