• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the difference of time weighted average(TWA) of noise levels and noise doses by the different operating parameter settings such as exchange rate, threshold level and criterion level for noise dosimeter in the field measurements of noise at industrial working environments. The time weighted averages of noise level and noise doses for noise working environments were determined by noise dosimeter on 80 workers employed at 20 industrial establishments of 8 industries. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean time weighted average(TWA) of the noise working environments by the operating parameter settings showed 93.4 dB(A) in 3 dB of exchange rate, 80 dB of threshold level and 90dB of criterion level 92.0 dB(A) in 3 dB-exchange rate, 90 dB-threshold level and 90 dB-criterion level, in 90.8 dB(A) in 5 dB of exchange rate, 80 dB of threshold level and 90 dB of criterion level, and 86.7 dB(A) in 5 dB of exchange rate, 90 dB of threshold level and 90dB of criterion level. 2. ln group of noise level less than 90 dB(A), mean TWAs of 80 dB of threshold level were significantly higher than that of 90 dB of threshold level in 3 dB and 5 dB of exchange rate. 3. The case exceeded threshold limit value of noise was 49(61.3 %) in 3dB, 80dB and 90 dB setting, 44(55.0 %) in 3 dB, 90 dB, 90 dB setting, 33(41.3 %) in 5 dB, 80dB, 90 dB setting and 26(32.5%) in 5 dB, 90 dB, 90 dB setting. Above considerations in mind, it is suggested that exchange rate and threshold level be specified in related laws and regulations in the evaluation of working environments noise.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.323-333
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• 2010

The biproduct bialgebra has been generalized to generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ in [5]. Let (D, B) be an admissible pair and let D be a bialgebra. We show that if generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ is a Hopf algebra with antipode s, then D is a Hopf algebra and the identity $id_B$ has an inverse in the convolution algebra $Hom_k$(B, B). We show that if D is a Hopf algebra with antipode $s_D$ and $s_B$ in $Hom_k$(B, B) is an inverse of $id_B$ then $B{\times}^L_H\;D$ is a Hopf algebra with antipode s described by $s(b{\times}^L_H\;d)={\Sigma}(1_B{\times}^L_H\;s_D(b_{-1}{\cdot}d))(s_B(b_0){\times}^L_H\;1_D)$. We show that the mapping system $B{\leftrightarrows}^{{\Pi}_B}_{j_B}\;B{\times}^L_H\;D{\rightleftarrows}^{{\pi}_D}_{i_D}\;D$ (where $j_B$ and $i_D$ are the canonical inclusions, ${\Pi}_B$ and ${\pi}_D$ are the canonical coalgebra projections) characterizes $B{\times}^L_H\;D$. These generalize the corresponding results in [6].

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2010

Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K,$\mathcal{I}(D)$ be the set of nonzero ideals of D, and $w$ be the star-operation on D defined by $I_w=\{x{\in}K{\mid}xJ{\subseteq}I$ for some $J{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ such that J is finitely generated and $J^{-1}=D\}$. The D is called a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if $(II^{-1})_w=D$ for all nonzero finitely generated ideals I of D. In this paper, we show that D is a Pr$\ddot{u}$fer $v$-multiplication domain if and only if $(A{\cap}(B+C))_w=((A{\cap}B)+(A{\cap}C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $(A(B{\cap}C))_w=(AB{\cap}AC)_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B)(A{\cap}B))_w=(AB)_w$ for all $A,B{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$, if and only if $((A+B):C)_w=((A:C)+(B:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with C finitely generated, if and only if $((a:b)+(b:a))_w=D$ for all nonzero $a,b{\in}D$, if and only if $(A:(B{\cap}C))_w=((A:B)+(A:C))_w$ for all $A,B,C{\in}\mathcal{I}(D)$ with B, C finitely generated.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1981.05a
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• pp.38.2-39
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• 1981

Speech reception threshold is a base for word discrimination testing, but it also serves as a check for the reliability of pure tone audiogram. In order to investigate the correlation between SRT and PTA these tests were carried out in patients with conductive hearing loss and normal hearing, using Grason-Stadler 1702 Audiometer. The results were as follows; 1) The difference between the scores of SRT and PTA's was 2.4 dB with a range of -3.3 dB∼+8.3 dB in conductive hearing loss, and was 1.9 dB with a range of -6.7 dB∼+5 dB in normal hearing group. 2) The difference between the scores of SRT and each speech frequency of PTA was 6 dB at 500 Hz, 3 dB at 1,000 Hz and 8.8 dB at 2,000 Hz in conductive hearing loss, and 3 dB at 500Hz, 2 dB at 1,000Hz, and 5dB at 2,000Hz in normal hearing group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2002

This study investigates dorsal aspect target strength with fish size, tilt angle and frequency characteristics for the schlegel's black rockfish(Sebastes achlegeli) and the red seabream (Pagrus major). This study was carried out on free swimming fish in a cage in order to obtain acoustic data of the biomass estimation using the scientific echo sounder. The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows; 1 The coefficients of the schlegel's black rockfish and the red seabream using maximum TS with fish length were expressed -63.7dB and -62.6dB at a frequency of 38kHz, -64.4dB and -65.4dB at 120kHz, and -62.4dB and -65.0dB at 200kHz, respectively. 2. The coefficients of the schlegel\`s black rockfish and the red seabream using averaged TS with fish length were expressed -68.4dB and -67.9dB at a frequency of 38kHz, -73.4dB and -72.7dB at 120kHz, and -70.BdE and -73.4dB at 2001Hs, respectively. 3. The coefficients of the schlegel's black rockfish and the red seabream using maximum TS with body weight were expressed -52.0dB and -50.9dB at a frequency of 38kHz, -52.7dB and -53.7dB at 120kHz, and -50.7dB and -53.3dB at 200kHz, respectively. 4. The coefficients of the schlegel's black rockfish and the red seabream using averaged TS with body weight were expressed -56.7dB and -56.2dB at a frequency of 38kHz, -61.7dB and -61.0dB at 120kHz, and -59.ldE and -61.6dB at 200kHz, respectively. 5. Varying the tiIt angle of the two red seabream from -26$^{\circ}$to +25$^{\circ}$, the variation width of target strength expressed smaller at a frequency of 38kHz than at 120kHz and expressed about 3~6dB higher head up than head down at 120kHz.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 1976

In this study, noise arresting effect of the noise control room from the transmission of surrounding noise was tested when the packing noise control rooms were set up in the test room in which the prerecorded noise from an engine room was reradiated at the same level as the original pressure. The inner space of control room A is $3.389m^3(1.19\times1.19\times2.14m)$ having walls furnished with plywood board 9mm in thickness and noise control room door$(60\times45cm) $ and illumination lamp are placed. In case of the control room B, noise absorption board(10mm fiber board which holds the corntype concavity with diameter of 5mm, depth 5mm, space 15mm) is adhered to the internal ceiling and styrol foam boards(20mm) to the walls. The other struction is same as the control room A. Type C is the same as B except wool board(Glass Fiber, 33mm) on the walls. Type D is same as type A except that the thickness of wall is 12mm and wood pyramid type cone$(5\times5\times13cm)$ is adhered to the ceiling ana walls(Fig. 1). When the recorded noise and vibrated noise were controlled in various levels. The noise pressure which passed through the control rooms was measured by sound level meter(Bruel & Kjar 2205, measuring range 37-140dB). In order to calculate the absorption rate in the control rooms the noise pressure was measured at different distances when the recorded noise pressure was radiated. The followings are the results obtained from the experiment. 1. When the noise pressure of the test room was 60dB, transmission rate of type A was $69.7\%$ and increased $3.3\%$ per 10dB. At the same condition, the rate was $53.9\%$ and increased $4.5\%$ per 10dB in type D. Type D was the most effective in noise arresting of the four and the effect was D,C,B and A in order(Fig.2). 2. When the oscillator sound and vessels noise were radiated in 1,000Hz, at one meter distance to the type A and D, the oscillator sound pressure were 77dB and 73dB, while the vessels noise pressure were 73.3dB and 66.2dB respectivley(Fig.3). 3. Refering to the influence of the frequency to the lower oscillator sound(1,000Hz) pressure, both type C and D were almost same at 140cm but type C was 0.3dB lower than type D at 20cm distance(Fig.4).

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2013

Let (D,B) be an admissible pair. Then recall that $B\;{\times}^L_HD^{{\rightarrow}{\pi}_D}_{{\leftarrow}i_D}\;D$ are bialgebra maps satisfying ${\pi}_D{\circ}i_D=I$. We have solved a converse in case D is a Hopf algebra. Let D be a Hopf algebra with antipode $S_D$ and be a left H-comodule algebra and a left H-module coalgebra over a field $k$. Let A be a bialgebra over $k$. Suppose $A^{{\rightarrow}{\pi}}_{{\leftarrow}i}D$ are bialgebra maps satisfying ${\pi}{\circ}i=I_D$. Set ${\Pi}=I_D*(i{\circ}s_D{\circ}{\pi}),B=\Pi(A)$ and $j:B{\rightarrow}A$ be the inclusion. Suppose that ${\Pi}$ is an algebra map. We show that (D,B) is an admissible pair and $B^{\leftarrow{\Pi}}_{\rightarrow{j}}A^{\rightarrow{\pi}}_{\leftarrow{i}}D$ is an admissible mapping system and that the generalized biproduct bialgebra $B{\times}^L_HD$ is isomorphic to A as bialgebras.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

Six malformin B's produced by Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. were separated by HPLC. Their structures determined by the methods of amino acid analyses, mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional NMR were revealed as cyclic pentapeptides structurally related to malformin $A_1$. Both the NMR and MS/MS data suggest that the respective structures of separated malformin B's were as follows; cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-allo-Ile for $B_{1a}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Leu for $B_{1b}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Leu for $B_2$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Leu for $B_3$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Ile for $B_4$, and cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Ile for $B_5$. Among the malformin B's, the structure of $B_{1b}$ was the same as that of malformin $A_3$ or C. All the malformin B's showed physiological activities in the two assay systems using corn(Zea mays L.) roots and mung bean(Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) hypercotyl segments. The malformin B's with molecular weight 529 were more effective for inducing corn root curvature than those with molecular weight 515. The difference in molecular weight of malformin B's, i.e., the retention time on HPLC, results in the polarity change of the whole malformin molecule which affects the revealation of the malformin activities. In addition, the disulfide form of the malformin B's gives the rigidity of the molecule, whereas the combination of the fourth and the fifth amino acid residues provides the optimal three-dimensional configuration to the malformin receptor of plants. Presumably, these two factors are appeared to be essential for the greatest physiological activity of malformin B's. malformin $B_{1a}$ caused the corn root curvature by 90% at a concentration of $0.25{\mu}M$. However, such differential activities with molecular weight of 529 or 515 of malformin B's were not found in the mung bean hypercotyl segment test. Maximum stimulation of mung bean hypercotyl growth was observed at $0.1{\mu}M$ concentration of malformin B's. The growth of the segments treated with $B_5$ was 154% greater than that of the control.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.247-254
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• 2005

Road traffic noise has increasing broader effects on urban areas as well as rural areas because of rapidly increasing traffic volume and newly-constructed roads. 10 sites in building development areas were selected and the noise level were measured by the apartment floors and by the various block plans of apartment complex. Analysis result, about correction factor, in the case of right angle arrangement, apply - 2.5dB(A). In the case of apartment house correlation of each floor apply 1st floors 0dB(A), 2st floors 1.2dB(A), 3st floors 2.1dB(A), 4st floors 2.6dB(A), 5st floors 2.7dB(A), 6st floors 2.7dB(A), 7st floors 2.4dB(A), 8st floors 2.0dB(A), 9st floors 1.6dB(A), 10st floors 1.1dB(A), 13st floors 0.2dB(A), 15st floors 0.5dB(A). The level of road traffic noise in the arrangement construction of right angle was about 3.0dB(A) at N-4 point and 2.1dB(A) at N-6 point lower than that of a plan figure, respectively. The results suggested that application of correction coefficient obtained by the apartment floor and by the arrangement construction can be improved in road traffic noise. The results suggested that application of correction coefficient obtained by the apartment floor and by the arrangement construction can be improved in road traffic noise.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2001

A design and implementation method for the UHF-band(800MHz) variable attenuator using the 3dB coupler is proposed. The 90 degree, 3-dB Coupler is used for the variable attenuator. The principal theory for the 3-dB coupler is introduced. The 3-dB Coupler is designed by the mathematical analysis and a computer simulation tool. A PIN diode is used for the variable resistor at UHF-band. The variable attenuator using the 3-dB coupler and the PIN diode is designed and implemented. The measured results for the variable attenuator by a network analyzer show that the insertion loss is below -l0dB, and the continuous variable attenuation range is about 10dB.