• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1027-1034
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• 2011

In order to provide the basic information on the agricultural environment in Daegwallyeong Highland, the characters of weather, water, and soil quality were investigated. The meteorological characteristics was monitored by automatic weather system (AWS) at 17 sites. The quality of water for samples were collected monthly at 24 sites depending on landuse style. Soil samples were collected from a forest, grassland, and the major vegetable cultivation areas such as potato, carrot, Chinese cabbage, onion, head lettuce, and welsh onion field. The weather showed the mountain climate, and the average yearly temperature is $6.4^{\circ}C$, the average temperature in January is $-7.6^{\circ}C$ and the average temperature in July is $19.1^{\circ}C$, and the change of temperature on the districts of Daegwallyeong is severe. The yearly record of precipitation shows 1717.2 mm. The water quality of crop field was worse than forest or grassland in Daewallyeong highland. In 2005, annual T-N, T-P, SS distribution of Chinese cabbage field showed 7.4~11.3, 0.061~0.1, and $3.0{\sim}53.0mg\;L^{-1}$. The potato field showed 3.1~7.2, 0.019~0.056 and $0.5{\sim}3.0mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Being compared of water quality between potato field and chinese cabbage field, it showed that the water quality of Chinese cabbage field was worse than potato field. On farming, the soil of crop cultivation showed pH 5.6 to 6.8, $18.0{\sim}42.4g\;kg^{-1}$ of OM, $316{\sim}658mg\;kg^{-1}$ of Avail. $P_2O_5$. The content of cations showed $0.41{\sim}0.88cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ of Exch. K, $3.73{\sim}7.07cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ of Exch. Ca and $1.17{\sim}1.90cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ of Exch. Mg.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.904-910
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• 2010

LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) carried out to estimate carbon footprint and to establish of LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) database of pepper production system. Pepper production system was categorized the field cropping (redpepper) and the greenhouse cropping (greenpepper) according to pepper cropping type. The results of collecting data for establishing LCI D/B showed that input of fertilizer for redpepper production was more than that for greenpepper production system. The value of fertilizer input was 2.55E+00 kg $kg^{-1}$ redpepper and 7.74E-01 kg $kg^{-1}$ greenpepper. Amount of pesticide input were 5.38E-03 kg $kg^{-1}$ redpepper and 2.98E-04 kg $kg^{-1}$ greenpepper. The value of field direct emission ($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) were 5.84E-01 kg $kg^{-1}$ redpepper and 2.81E+00 greenpepper, respectively. The result of LCI analysis focussed on the greenhouse gas (GHG), it was observed that the values of carbon footprint were 4.13E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ for redpepper and 4.70E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ for greenpepper; especially for 90% and 6% of $CO_2$ emission from fertilizer and pepper production, respectively. $N_2O$ was emitted from the process of N fertilizer production (76%) and pepper production (23%). The emission value of $CO_2$ from greenhouse production was more higher than it of field production system. The result of LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) was showed that characterization of values of GWP (Global Warming Potential) were 4.13E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ for field production system and 4.70E+00 kg $CO_2$-eq. $kg^{-1}$ for greenhouse production system. It was observed that the process of fertilizer production might be contributed to approximately 52% for redpepper production system and 48% for greenpepper production system of GWP.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2009

Heavy metal pollution may be one of the most serious challenges confront crop production and human health. Therefore, the selection of heavy metal tolerance cultivars which adapted to the contaminated fields will introduced a suitable solution for management this critical environmental risk. The objectives of this research is to assess human health risk using geochemical analyses and exposure assessment of heavy metals in rice cultivars. Risk for inhabitants in the closed mine area was comparatively assessed for As, Cd, Cu and Pb in 10 rice varieties as a major exposure pathway. The average daily dose (ADD) of each heavy metal was estimated by analyzing the exposure pathways to rice and soil. For the non-carcinogenic risk characterization, Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) were calculated using toxicity indices provided by US-EPA IRIS. The different rice varieties revealed a wide range of HI values from 23.6 to 34.3, indicating that all rice varieties have a high potential toxic risk. The DA rice variety showed the lowest HI value while the TB rice variety the highest. The probabilities of cancer risk for As via rice consumption were varied with rice varieties ranging from 2.0E-03 to 3.5E-03 which exceeded the regulatory acceptable risk of 1 in 10,000 set by US-EPA. The DA rice variety also showed the lowest value while the TB rice variety gave the highest value. Our results indicate that risk assessment can be contribute to screen the pollution safe rice cultivars in paddy fields affected by the mining activity.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

The American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L. was the most important worldwide pest species. It has been an public health problems. We were determinated life cycle and extraction of crude extracts by chemical reagents from cockraches (P. americana L.). The extracted crude solution has been antibacterial activity to gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, $6.44{\pm}1.03mm$), gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, $1.88{\pm}0.40mm$), and fungus (Candida albicans, $5.61{\pm}0.57mm$) using radial diffusion assay. We were analysed of up-regulation of Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) stimulation, indicating that antioxidantial protein from various classes are simultaneously expressed in a single insect upon infection or injury. The gene from Periplaneta americana L. were cloned, analysed sequence, and measured protein expression by Real Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigated the distribution, ecological character and life cycle of Black Soldier Fly(BSF), Hermetia illucens, to determine effects of BSF on composing ability to the livestock feces. The distribution of BSF was defined in all parts of the country in Korea. Its main habitat was found to be areas near cattle sheds, feces sheds, living waste dump grounds, and food waste dump grounds. Excellent species of the bio-conversion using the livestock feces were selected out of two kinds of solider flies(Hermetia illucens and Ptecticus tenebrifer). And effects of BSF on composing ability to the livestock feces were pig feces 0.5 g, cattle feces 0.43 g and chicken feces 0.3 g per a larvae of BSF. In the examination of the ability of BSF to decompose food waste, volume of the livestock feces decreased by weight pig feces 77, cattle feces 83.62 and chicken feces 80%. Observed characteristics of BSF larvae and pupae stage were by developmental stage may be summarized as follows: size and length of larvae and pupae of BSF were higher than in pig feces and mixed sawdust treatments. In order to develop artificial indoor rearing techniques, The pupation and emergence rate were not visible the difference but important factor of the mating and egg-laying was a sun light. And it was visible the difference in mating ratio. Mating rate of H. illucens by seasonal change was the highest from May to July. Mating mostly occurred between 10 : 00 and 12 : 00 during which light intensity is high. As the egg-laying medium for artificial egg collection, calf feed and food waste were most effective. The ratio of egg-laying medium is waste food : sawdust(1 : 1) in volume. For egg-laying materials, flower foam and wood with holes were used; holes sized 3 ~ 5 mm in diameter, 7 ~ 10 mm in depth were most preferred for egg-laying.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.799-808
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• 2021

This study was performed to investigate the extent of microbial contamination, the presence of enterotoxin genes, and the antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus in 58 red pepper plants and 43 environmental samples (soil, irrigation water, and gloves) associated with the plant cultivation. The detected counts of total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were lower in these samples, as compared to the regulations of standards for foods; moreover, pathogens, such as E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp., were not detected. Genes encoding hemolysin BL enterotoxins (hblA, hblC, and hblD) as well as non-hemolytic enterotoxins (nheA, nheB, and nheC) were detected in 23 B. cereus specimens that were isolated from the test samples and had β-hemolytic activity. Interestingly, B. cereus is resistant to β-lactam and susceptible to non-β-lactam antibiotics. However, in this case, the isolated B. cereus specimens exhibited a shift from resistant to intermediate in response to cefotaxime and from susceptible to intermediate in case of rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. Therefore, the levels of B. cereus should be monitored to detect changes in antibiotic susceptibility and guarantee their safety.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.130-137
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• 2021

Purpose: The various suture techniques can be utilized in order to maximize the keratinized tissue healing around dental implants. The aim of this study is to compare the soft tissue healing pattern between two different suture techniques after implant placement. Materials and Methods: 15 patients with 18 implants were enrolled in this study. Simple implant placement without any additional bone graft was performed. Two different suture techniques were used to tug in the mobilized flap near the healing abutment after paramarginal flap design. Digital intraoral scan was performed at baseline, post-operation, stitch out, and 3 months after operation. The scan data were aligned using multiple points such as cusp, fossa of adjacent teeth, and/or healing abutment. After subtracting scan data at baseline with other time-point results, closed space indicating volume increment of peri-implant mucosa was selected. The volume of the close space was measured in mm³. The volume between two suture techniques at three time-points was compared using nonparametric rank-based analysis. Results: Healing was uneventful in both groups. Both suture technique groups showed increased soft tissue volume immediately after surgery. The amount of volume increment significantly decreased after 3 months (P < 0.001). Flap folding suture group showed higher median of volume increment than interrupted suture group after 3 months without any statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion: After paramarginal flap reflection, the raised flaps stabilized by flap folding suture showed relatively higher volume maintenance after 3-month healing period. However, further studies are warranted.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.280-294
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of social capital characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, physical condition, and health behavior characteristics on health-related quality of life of the elderly in Korea. Methods: T-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were performed by applying a complex sample design to 57.787 people aged 65 and over using the 2019 Community Health Survey. Results: First, as a result of complex-sample T-test and ANOVA analysis, it was found that there were differences in health-related quality of life according to social capital characteristics, physical condition & health behavior characteristics, and socio-demographic characteristics. Complex Sample Regression Analysis Results, the explanatory power of the model was 28%. When living in the metropolitan area, living in an apartment building, having a spouse, having a higher household income, economic activity, higher educational attainment, increase sleeping time, walking time, frequent binge drinking, health checkup, networking, trust, and social participation showed higher health-related quality of life. When people were older, their gender was female, higher BMI, number of chronic diseases, and severe stress that showed lower health-related quality of life. Conclusions: It was proved that the factors affecting the health-related quality of life of the elderly are not only physical condition and health behavior factors, but also social capital and socio-demographic characteristics. It was found that the role as a member was important.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.630-647
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• 2021

We determined the current problem of the restoration deposit-estimation system, stipulated by the Mountainous Districts Management Act, using the Delphi technique. Consequently, we proposed a standard model for forest land restoration to derive a reasonable deposit-estimation system. With the result of the Delphi survey, the inappropriateness of land-use type and slope gradient classifications was shown; the insufficiency of standard works was a significant problem in the current system. A way to solve these problems was devised, to reorganize the current land-use type into the subject of the site. The specific subjects included the following: (i) to permit or report forest land-use change and temporary use of forest land, (ii) to report temporary use of forest land, (iii) to permit stone collection or sale for mineral mining, and (iv) to allow sediment collection. The current slope gradient subdivision into (a) θ<10°, (b) 10°≦θ<15°, (c) 15°≦θ<20°, (d) 20°≦θ<25°, (e) 25°≦θ<30°, and (f) θ≧30° and the reorganization of 17 standard works into 22 standard works were deemed as solutions, along with seven additional works. We developed 24 standard models for the forest land restoration project based on the aforementioned results. The deposits estimated by these models ranged from 34,185,000 (Korean) won to 607,403,000 won. If additional works, premiums, discounts, and supervision fees are added to the models, the deposit increases to an estimated 668,143,000 won subject to permission for stone collection or sale and mineral mining. Experts agree on the distribution of the restoration deposits estimated by these models at a high level in the Delphi survey. Our findings are expected to contribute to securing the appropriateness of the restoration cost deposited for the smooth performance of the vicariously executed restoration project.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2021

This research was conducted in order to analyze the difference in yield through the changes in growth and measuring the photosynthesis efficiency in cherry tomatoes. Seedlings of cherry tomato 'Nonari' were used as scion and non-grafted control, while 4 different grafted tomatoes 'Powerguard', 'T1', 'L1', and 'B.blocking' were used as rootstocks. Plants grafted onto 'B.blocking' produced the highest fruit yield (417.5 g plant^-1), whereas non-grafted plant 'Nonari' had the lowest fruit yield, (354.2 g plant^-1) at the latter period of cherry tomatoes in May. The flowering position in May, plant grafted onto 'B.blocking', showed 14-17 cm, whereas non-grafted plant 'Nonari' showed 10-14 cm. The growth strength on May 15, non-grafted plant 'Nonari', showed 8.43 mm which was the lowest value among the treatments. Grafted plants kept the growth balance until the end of the harvest that led to an increase in fruit yield, while non-grafted plant weakened the vigor earlier that led to a decrease in fruit yield. Grafted plants showed higher values of chlorophyll fluorescence variables than the values of non-grafted plant. These results indicate that grafting influenced fruit yield which was observed as maintaining growth balance for longer and an increase in photosynthesis efficiency compared to non-grafting.