• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.244-249
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate effect of serum lipid and liver tissue in lectin from Viscum album on rats. The lectin was purified by sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration using sephadex G-150 with plant material from Viscum album. After 72 h of $CCl_4$ injection, there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and triglycerige levels relative to the control group. However, treatment of both Viscum album and purified lectin were significantly decreased lipid parameters against the $CCl_4$-induced. Histological observation of the liver section of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increase of cytoplasmic vacuoles in number, while rats administered olive oil alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of the liver section in rats treated 72 h with either Viscum album purified lectin or $CCl_4$-induced liver lipogenesis showed decreased numbers of cytoplasmic vaculoes and necrotic cells. These results suggest that Viscum album lectin has a significantly decreased lipid in serum or histological observation of the liver section decreased in lipogenesis in rats.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate effect of lipid metabolism in Viscum album lectin on rats. The lectin was purified by sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration using sephadex G-150 with plant material from Viscum album collected in Mt. Duk Yui. After 72 h of $CCl_4$ injection (in olive oil, 1:1, 2 mg/kg) there was a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and triglycerige levels relative to the control group. However, treatment of both Viscum album and purified lectin were significantly decreased lipid parameters against the $CCl_4$-induced. Histological observation basically supported the result obtained from serum lipid assay. The livers of rats challenged with $CCl_4$ produced a marked increase of cytoplasmic vacuoles in number, while the number of necrotic cells and swollen hepatocytes did not change significnatly. Rats administered olive oil alone did not alter the normal hepatic architecture. Histological observation of the liver section in rats treated 72 h with either Viscum album purified lectin or $CCl_4$-induced liver lipogenesis showed decreased numbers of cytoplasmic vaculoes and necrotic cells. The normal hepatic architectural pattern was observed in Hematoxylin-eosin stain. These results suggest that Viscum album lectin has a possible protective effect of lipid metabolim in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 1994

Phospholamban is the regulator of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR). The mechanism of regulation appears to involve inhibition by dephosphorylated phospholamban. Phosphorylation of phospholamban relieves this inhibition. Recently, there has been a report that the cytoplasmic domain (amino acids 1-25) of phospholamban is insufficient to inhibit the $Ca^{2+}$ pump. To explore the domains of phospholamban responsible for $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ inhibitory activity, we examined the effect of a synthetic phospholamban peptide consisting of amino acid residues 1-25 on $Ca^{2+}$ uptake by reconstituted skeletal SR $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$. The $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ of skeletal SR was purified and reconstituted in proteoliposomes containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) or phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylserine (PC:PS). Inclusion of a phospholamban peptide in PC proteoliposomes was associated with significant inhibition of the initial rates of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake at pCa 6.0, and phosphorylation of this peptide by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase reversed the inhibitory effect on the $Ca^{2+}$ pump. Similar effects of phospholamban peptide were also observed using PC:PS proteoliposomes. Based on these results, we could conclude that the cytoplasmic domain of phospholamban, containing the phosphorylation sites, by itself is sufficient to inhibit the $Ca^{2+}$ pump of SR.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2000

Cancer development and the efficiency of chemotherapy relies on the patients calcium-related pathological status such as hyper- or hypocalcemica. In the present study, we investigated the effect of extracellular cations such as calcium and magnesium on the therapeutic efficacy of antitumor drugs. The analytic parameters used were cellular drug uptake/excretion and the chemosensitivity of the human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MCF7/ADR. Both calcium and magnesium ions decreased the membrane permeability of cancer cells, which was determined bycell size analysis. These divalent ions also lowered the drug uptake and the cytoplasmic levels of rhodamine 123 and adriamycin, suggesting that they might interfere with the diffusion of these drugs by modifying the physical properties of the cytoplasmic membrane. The acute cytotoxicity of adriamycin after a short period of incubation correlated with changes in its cytoplasmic level. Our results indicate that these extracellular cations might play an important role in the therapeutic activities of anticancer drugs in cancer patients. These results also provide insight a new aspect of chemotherapy, because they suggest that the therapeutic dose of anti-cancer drugs should be modified in cancer-bearing patients presenting with abnormal blood calcium levels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2009

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant on the cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human skin melanocytes, colorimeric assay of XTT and tyrosinase activity assay were adopted after human skin melanocytes were preincubated for 2 hours in the media containing various concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Light microscopic study was carried out in same cultures. The results of this study were as follows 1. Cell viability of human skin melanocytes was significantly decreased by 30 and $40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), respectively. 2. XTT50 was determined at $30{\mu}M$ after human skin melanocytes were treated with $10{\sim}40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. 3. The cell viability of cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD was increased than that of cultured human skin melanocytes treated with $H_2O_2$ dose-dependently. 4. In tyrosinase activity of human skin melanocytes, the cell treated with SOD showed brown stain compared with $H_2O_2$ treated cells, dark stain. 5. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes exposed to $H_2O_2$ showed morphological changes such as the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes, compared with control. 6. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD showed the increase of cell number and cytoplasmic processes compared with $H_2O_2-treated$ group. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress of ROS such as $H_2O_2$ has cytotoxicity by showing the decreased cell viability, the increased tyrosinase activity and mophological changes of the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes. While, antioxidant like SOD was effective in the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity by the increased cell viability, decreased tyrosinase activity and the protection of degenerative morphological changes in cultured human skin melanocytes.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 2012

The 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) is non-selective phosphodiesterase and is able to prevent resumption of meiosis by maintaining elevated cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations in the oocyte. The present study was conducted to analyze: (1) nuclear maturation (examined by the Hoechst staining), (2) whether cytoplasmic maturation (examined by the intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration) of porcine oocytes is improved during meiotic arrest after prematuration (22 h) with IBMX. Before in vitro maturation (IVM), oocytes were treated with 1 mM IBMX for 22 h. After 22 h of pre-maturation, the higher rate of IBMX treated group oocytes were arrested at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage (42.3%) than control IVM oocytes (10.1%). It appears that the effect of IBMX on the resumption of meiosis has shown clearly. In the end of IVM, the reversibility of the IBMX effect on the nuclear maturation has been corroborated in this study by the high proportions of MII stage oocytes (72.5%) reached after 44 h of IVM following the 22 h of inhibition. However, intracellular GSH concentrations were lower in the oocytes treated with IBMX than the control oocytes (6.78 and 12.94 pmol/oocyte, respectively). These results demonstrate that cytoplasmic maturation in porcine oocytes pre-treated with IBMX for 22 h did not equal that of control oocytes in the current IVM system. These results indicate that pre-maturation with IBMX for 22 h may not be beneficial in porcine IVM system.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 1983

[ $1-{\beta}-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine$ ](ara-C), which is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog is cytotonic to mammalian cells in culture and is active in vitro and in vivo against a variety of DNA viruses. The precise mechanism of action of ara-C has not been determined, although ara-C is thought to act as an antimetabolite, interfering with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). Cytosine arabinoside originally seemed to act principally by inhibiting the conversion of cytidine to deoxytidine, thus inhibiting DNA synthesis. But recent data suggest that effects upon DNA polymerase and effects via incorporation into DNA and RNA may well be of equal importance. The author have demonstrated the effect of cytosine arabinoside on the hepatocytes of albino mice treated with ara-C, observing changes in the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes. A total of 120 healthy male albino mice were divided into the control and ara-C treated groups. The animals of the ara-C group were given 10mg. per kg of body weight of mouse ara-C in physiological saline solution and the animals of control group were given physiological saline solution, intraperitoneally. After an administration of ara-C or physiological saline solution, the animal were killed at. interval of 6, 12, and 24 hours. The specimens, which were obtained from the left anterier lobe of the liver, were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and observed with JEM 100B electron microscope. The results were obtained as follow: A pronounced dilatation, sacculation and fragmentation of the cisterane of rough endoplasmic reticulum with dissociation of membrane bound-ribosomes, disaggregation of free ribosomes in the cytoplasm, proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum associated with depletion of glycogen paracles, atrophies of Golgi complex, production of numerous lipid droplets, and formation of antophagic vacuoles, multivesicular bodies and residual bodies are recognized in the hepatocytes of ara-C treated mice. Consequently it is suggested that cytosine arabinoside would induce a changes of the cytoplasmic organelles of the hepatocytes in albino mice.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

Syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain was tested to confirm the interactions with the bilayer membrane using $^{31}P$ solid-state NMR measurements. Syndecan-4 was known as a coreceptor with integrins in the cell adhesion. The syndecan-4 V region is not understood of its functional roles and tested its ability of the interaction with multilamellar vesicles. The $^{31}P$ powder pattern was dramatically changed and showed isotropic peak which imply the bilayer membrane changed its topology to the micelle-like structure. Especially, phosphatidylcholine membrane was affected this effect more than phosphatidylethanolamine membrane.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.477-482
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• 2011

There are accumulating evidences suggesting that connexin (Cx), a gap junction channel-forming protein, acts as a growth suppressor in various cancer cells, and this effect is attributeed to the gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC). In order to characterize the relationship between the growth-arresting activity of Cx26 and its cytoplasmic localizations after expression, we linked a nuclear export signal (NES) sequence to Cx26 cDNA before transfecting into a rat breast cancer cell line. A confocal fluorescent microscopic observation revealed that the insertion of NES minimized the nuclear expression of Cx26, and increased its cytoplasmic expression, including plasma membrane junctions. Total cell counting and BrdUrd-labeling experiments showed that the growth of the breast cancer cells was inhibited by 74% upon transfection of Cx26-NES, whereas only 9% inhibition was observed with only Cx26 cDNA.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.21-33
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorambucil on the mouse Leydig cell by electron microscopy. Chlorambucil suspended in the 0.5N sodium bicarbonate(pH 8.0) was injected I.P.(intraperitoneal) at a dosage of level 20mg/kg for 1 weeks, 3 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively. The results obtained from this experiment are as follows: 1. One week after the administration of chlorambucil, there was an increase in heterochromatin, swelling and cristae disruption in some mitochondria, mild vacuolation between cells and the occurrence of membrane bound inclusions in some nuclei. 2. After 3 weeks, smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilations, cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial swelling, inner mitochondrial cristae disruption, membranous whorls, and intranuclear inclusions were observed in the treated cells. 3. After 5 weeks of treatment, most mitochondria were swollen and their membranes were severely disrupted. Further, smooth endoplasmic reticulum dilations and vacuolation of the cytoplasm were apparent in the treated Leydig cells. In addition numerous membranous whorls and intranuclear inclusion bodies were present. The nuclei displayed invaginatons of the nuclear membrane and large clumps of heterochromatin. From these results it is concluded the longer the duration of chlorambucil administration, the greater the degeneration of the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles.