• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1986

[ $0.5\%$ ] lactophenol acid fuchsin으로 염색해 본 결과 보리흰가루 병균의 제1차 발아관에 반응하여 보리표피 세포에 papillae 및 cytoplasmic aggregate가 형성되었으나 그 크기는 부착기에 반응하여 형성된 것보다는 훨씬 작았으며 또한 접종후 36-48시간 이후의 표피세포내에는 acid fuchsin에 의해서 다른 세포들에 비해 세포전체가 좀 더 진하게 염색되는 곳이 군데군데 관찰되었다. 그러나 접종 후 96시간까지 지질과산화산물의 일종인 malondialdehyde의 함량은 증가하지 않았다. 접종 후 6시간에 형성된 papillae 및 cytoplasmic aggregate내에 callose, protein, phenol물질 등은 집적되었으나 접종 후 72시간까지도 cellulose, cutin, suberin, lignin등은 검출되지 않았다. 보리-흰가루병 상호조합의 상기 모든 반응은 race 비특이적이었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.211-220
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• 1989

왕거미과의 무당왕거미속중에서 유일하게 국내에 서식하는 무당거미를 재료로 포획사 생성에 관여하는 수상선의 미세구조를 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였으며, 견사생성과 관련된 세포질내 세포소기관들과의 상관관계를 형태적인 측면에서 논의하였다. 점착성이 강한 실을 분비하여 포획실을 짜는 두쌍의 수상선은 편상선과 함께 독특한 구조인 triad를 이루고 있었으며, 복강의 전역에 걸쳐 수지상의 돌기를 뻗고 있는 대형의 선분비부와 외벽에 많은 결절들이 부착되어 있는 굵은 분비관으로 이루어져 있었다. 분비관의 내강에는 큐티클층이 형성되어 있었고, 상피는 단층 원주상이었으며, 그 주위에 결절형성세포와 얇은 결합조직세포가 둘러싸고 있었다. 선분비부와 가까운 근위부의 큐티클은 endocuticle 및 exocuticle의 두층으로 이루어져 있었으나, 토사관에 가까운 원위부에서는 수분의 흡수와 관련된 subcuticle층이 매우 발달되어 있었다. 결절형성세포는 원형질막의 함입에 의해 형성된 세포질돌기의 내부에 수많은 글리코겐입자와 미토콘드리아가 밀집되어 있었으며, 세포의 성숙단계에 따라서 이들의 분포상태가 각각 달리 관찰되었다. 견사물질을 생성, 분비하는 선분비부는 한층의 입방상피세포층과 이를 둘러싸고 있는 결합조직층으로 이루어져 있었고, 조면소포체가 특이적으로 발달된 선상피세포의 내부에는 형태적으로 상이한 두종류의 분비과립들이 형성되어 있었으며, 인접한 세포들은 septate junction에 의해 연접되어 있었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1994

Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) strain A에 감염된 수수 (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) 품종 HOK와 strain B에 감염된 Pioneer 8680의 엽세포를 미세구조적으로 비교연구한 결과 종단면과 횡단면으로 초박절편된 표본에서 다양한 원통형 봉입체의 형성이 관찰되었다. MDMV strain A와 B는 세포질 내에 존재하는 특별한 봉입체의 유무에 따라 뚜렷이 구별되었다. MDMV-B에 감염된 Pioneer 8680 수수 엽세포는 pinwheels, bundles, scrolls, 그리고 laminated aggregates 형태의 원통형 봉입체가 관찰된 반면, MDMV-A에 감염된 HOK 수수 엽세포에서는 laminated aggregates가 결여되어 있다. 특히 laminated aggregates의 유무와 관련하여 MDMV 두 strain간에 원통형 봉입체의 미세구조적 차이점은 potyvirus군을 아군으로 분류하는 형태학적 지표가 되어왔다. laminated aggregates가 존재하면 아군 III으로, 존재하지 않을 경우 아군 I로 분류될 수 있다. 이런 원통형 봉입체의 이형화는 바이러스 특이적 유도체로서, 아마도 감염의 발전에 따른 형태 발생을 발현하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and biological properties of fast-set white mineral trioxide aggregate (FS WMTA), which was WMTA combined with calcium chloride dihydrate ($CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$), compared to that of WMTA. Materials and Methods: Surface morphology, elemental, and phase analysis were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The cytotoxicity and cell attachment properties were evaluated on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs) using methyl-thiazoldiphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay and under SEM after 24 and 72 hours, respectively. Results: Results showed that the addition of $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ to WMTA affected the surface morphology and chemical composition. Although FS WMTA exhibited a non-cytotoxic profile, the cell viability values of this combination were lesser than WMTA, and the difference was significant in 7 out of 10 concentrations at the 2 time intervals (p < 0.05). HPLFs adhered over the surface of WMTA and at the interface, after 24 hours of incubation. After 72 hours, there were increased numbers of HPLFs with prominent cytoplasmic processes. Similar findings were observed with FS WMTA, but the cells were not as confluent as with WMTA. Conclusions: The addition of $CaCl_2{\cdot}2H_2O$ to WMTA affected its chemical properties. The favorable biological profile of FS WMTA towards HPLFs may have a potential impact on its clinical application for repair of perforation defects.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.818-829
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• 2018

Significant research efforts are ongoing to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms underlying amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which may in turn pinpoint potential therapeutic targets for treatment. The ALS research field has evolved with recent discoveries of numerous genetic mutations in ALS patients, many of which are in genes encoding RNA binding proteins (RBPs), including TDP-43, FUS, ATXN2, TAF15, EWSR1, hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2/B1, MATR3 and TIA1. Accumulating evidence from studies on these ALS-linked RBPs suggests that dysregulation of RNA metabolism, cytoplasmic mislocalization of RBPs, dysfunction in stress granule dynamics of RBPs and increased propensity of mutant RBPs to aggregate may lead to ALS pathogenesis. Here, we review current knowledge of the biological function of these RBPs and the contributions of ALS-linked mutations to disease pathogenesis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 1975

The poxvirus group is considered to be a typical cytoplasmic inclusion forming virus. Every poxvirus has been reported to produce only one kind of inclusion in the infected tissues. A vague concept that inclusions of poxviruses are eosinophilic or acidophilic has prevailed. Although many papers and theories about the nature of the inclusion have been presented, most of them are not quite convincing on the point of the relations with virus multiplication, and an analysis of papers published showed that there seem to be many discrepancies in the descriptions of the nature of the poxvirus inclusions. Comparative studies on host-virus interaction with cowpox, orf, swinepox and fowlpox viruses which selected from each Group (I-IV) of poxviruses were performed from the morphological and virological standpoints. At first, in cowpox virus-FL cell system, as a comparative model, cytoplasmic inclusion, nucleic acid metabolism by autoradiography and detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence were studied and obtained the results as follows: 1. The focus-like cytopathic effect (CPE) at early stage developed to entire culture at terminal stage of infection, and also the developing status of CPE was correlated to viral doses for inoculation. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions which named A and B type were easily observed by Giemsa, hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and May-Greenwald Giemsa (MGG) stainings in the infected cells. The B type inclusions were formed at early stage of infection and the A type inclusions were produced subsequently the B type formation. The B type which common type inclusion in poxviruses was a small compact or aggregate at early stage and developed to a large diffuse body at terminal stage of infection. On the other hand, the A type inclusion which depend upon the kind of virus was appeared as round and discrete shape, and its size and number was increased gradually during the culture period. It was characteristic to form distinct halos around the both types of inclusions in acid fixed, H & E stained preparations of infected cultures. The B type inclusion was always positive in Feulgen reaction and showed as DNA containing body but the A type inclusion was not. 2. In the relationship between inclusion and DNA metabolism of infected cells by the qualitative autoradiography using 3H-thymidine, the appearance of silver grains was coincided with B type inclusion but not with A type inclusion. This showed that the DNA synthesis was proceeded in all B type inclusions except those in the terminal stage with a diffuse form. This suggested that the B type inclusions are only sites of DNA synthesis and this was proceeded after the cell infection independently. The activity of DNA synthesis of the inclusions was nearly the same as that of the nucleic of normal cells and non-inclusion bearing cells. and non-inclusion bearing cells. Regardless of the size of the degree of DNA synthesis of the B type inclusion, inclusion bearing cells all showed remarkable suppression of nuclear DNA synthesis. 3. By the direct fluorescent antibody technique viral antigen in infected cells was detected. The B type inclusions have been proved to contain a great deal of viral antigen, whereas the basic substance of A type inclusion did not show antigenicity except the round edge. It was suggested that the round edge fluorescence might be caused by the glare of cytoplasmic viral antigen which pushed out and concentrated by the A type inclusion development. 4. Hemorrhagic red pock formations on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated chicken egg had proved the characteristic of used viral strain. 5. By the above studies on the nature of two types of inclusions and the role they play in virus multiplication, it was concluded that the B type inclusion must be the site of the synthesis of viral DNA and protein as well as the site of the virus.