• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

To investigate the capacity of anti-inflammatory cytokines and biological response modifiers (BRMs) to induce IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene overexpression from mouse macrophages, we isolated the resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mouse (8 week old) and incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and Moschus moschiferus (MOMS) extracts. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR amplification. Amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.2% agarose gel, and the analysis (Ht) was used to 1D-density program. 1. LPS and MOMS extract treatments resulted in a significant decrease in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression level compared with the LPS treatment. 2. Among four sample of MOMS, Inhibitory effects of MOMS-A and MOMS-D for inflammatory cytokines gene expression were to be fine compared with the MOMS-Band MOMS-C. According to the above data, Because the anti- tumoral and anti-inflammatory response activities of macrophage are known to be dependent on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) by macrophages, we suggest that evaluations of BRM for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages are important for clinical application.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.825-831
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• 2013

본 연구를 통하여 streptozotocin 주사에 의한 당뇨 유발이 일반식이와 고지방식이로 키운 C57BL/6 수컷생쥐의 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 네 그룹의 당뇨생쥐(일반식이 또는 고지방식이로 키운 16주령 또는 26주령 생쥐)와 네 그룹의 비당뇨 대조군을 포함한 모두 73마리의 생쥐가 이 실험에 사용되었다. Real-time PCR을 이용하여 지방조직에서의 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)와 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)의 유전자 발현량을 측정한 결과, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA는 당뇨 유발에 의해 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 특히, 16주령의 일반식이 생쥐의 경우 비당뇨 대조군에 비해 당뇨가 유발된 실험군에서 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. MCP-1 mRNA 발현은 STZ처리에 따른 당뇨유발에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히, 16주령 고지방식이의 당뇨 실험군에서의 발현이 비당뇨 대조군에서의 발현량의 26%에 해당할 정도로 큰 감소를 나타내었다. 또한, MCP-1의 발현은 인슐린 농도와 유의한 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 이들 실험결과는 당뇨 모델 생쥐에서 지방조직의 염증성 사이토카인이 이상발현되고 있음을 나타내며, 비만, 인슐린저항성, 및 당뇨에서의 저준위 염증상태와 지방조직에서의 염증성 사이토카인 발현 조절의 기작을 밝히는데 유용한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the inflammation mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced stimulation of A549 human epithelial cells. In the present study, A549 cells were stimulated with TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4 and IL-$1{\beta}$ to induce expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules involved in eosinophil chemotaxis. The effects of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-4 and IL-$1{\beta}$ on gene expression profiles in A549 cells were evaluated by oligonucleotide microarray and Real time RT-PCR. The gene expression profiles for the A549 cells varied depending on the cytokines. Also, the results of the microarray and Real time RT-PCR revealed that inflammatory-related genes were up-regulated in cytokine stimulated A549 cells. Cytokines can affect inflammation in A549 cells. A microarray-based genomic survey is a high-throughput approach that enables evaluation of gene expression in cytokine stimulated cell lines.

• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.771-779
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• 2018

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into several cell types. In addition, many studies have shown that MSCs modulate the immune response. However, little information is currently available regarding the maintenance of immunomodulatory characteristics of MSCs through passages. Therefore, we investigated and compared cytokine and gene expression levels from adipose (AD) and bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs relevant to immune modulation from early to late passages. METHODS: MSC immunophenotype, growth characteristics, cytokine expressions, and gene expressions were analyzed. RESULTS: AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs had similar cell morphologies and surface marker expressions from passage 4 to passage 10. Cytokines secreted by AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were similar from early to late passages. AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs showed similar immunomodulatory properties in terms of cytokine secretion levels. However, the gene expressions of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene (TSG)-6 and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G were decreased and gene expressions of galectin-1 and -3 were increased in both AD- and BM-MSCs with repeated passages. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the immunophenotype and expression of immunomodulation-related cytokines of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs immunomodulation through the passages were not significantly different, even though the gene expressions of both MSCs were different.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 1996

In order to investigate the Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng, we have studied the effects of ginseng saponin on the proliferation and cytosine gene expression of human pheripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). In the PBMC proliferation assay, total saponin exhibited proliferation inhibition on the PBMC or phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion. Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng were further investigated using the cytokine gene expression as the indicators. In the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor genes were expressed in the PHA-stimulated PBMC 48 hrs after cell culture. Among expressed cytokines, total saponin could increase the expression of IL-1 and TNF of PBMC without stimulation of PHA. All of ginsenosides, $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rg_1$, Rc, Re, incresed TNF gene expression. Especially, Rb2 (20 g/ml) showed most prominent effect on TNF gene expression and it also slightly increased IL-1 gene expression of PBMC.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) is a megalocytivirus widely infected in various fish species in Korea, causing symptoms of acute inflammation and enlargement of spleen. In our previous study, RBIV induced the initial upregulation but later down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and IFN1 gene expression. Signal transducers and activators of transcriptions (STAT) are transcription factors involved in the regulation of immune genes including IFNs. This study was conducted to analyse the expression of STAT2. The expressional study of STAT2 gene was performed in head kidney and spleen upon RBIV infection and immune stimulants like LPS or poly I:C in vitro. Consequently, STAT2 gene expression pattern was different in head kidney and spleen as it was significantly up-regulated by LPS from 4 h to 8 h but down-regulated at 24 h while up-regulated by poly I:C at 8 h in head kidney while, in spleen, STAT2 gene expression was down regulated by LPS but significantly up-regulated by poly I:C. Upon RBIV stimulation, STAT2 gene expression was significantly down-regulated by high dose RBIV at 4 h but up-regulated at 8 h and 24 h in head kidney. In spleen cells, it was up-regulated by medium dose RBIV at 4 h and by high dose RBIV at 4 h and 8 h but down regulated later then. In vivo, STAT2 gene expression was not significantly affected by RBIV infection while significant up-regulated by vaccination at day 7 post-vaccination, indicating STAT2 gene can be involved in adaptive immune response in rock bream.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

Plant flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Although the action mechanisms are not fully understood, recent studies have clearly shown that certain flavonoids, especially flavone derivatives, express their anti-inflammatory activity at least in part by modulation of proinflammatory gene expression such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase and various cytokines. This review summarizes the recent findings of flavonoids modulating expression of proinflammatory molecules.

• 생약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 1999

New lectins have been isolated and purified from mung bean (Phaseolus radiatus) through physiological saline extraction, ammonium sulfate salt fractionation and column chromatographies. Ion exchanger were eluted by linear salt gradient and then further purified through gel filtration. Thus obtained lectin named as MBL. The gene expressions of 5 cytokines (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, $TNF-{\aphpa}$ and $IFN-{\gamma}$) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with MBL were investigated by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PBMC ($1{\times}106$ cells/ml) isolated from healthy volunteers were stimulated with lectins (4 mg/ml) for various time intervals (1 to 96 hrs). After each of the various stimulated times, total RNA was isolated and assessed for different cytokines mRNA by RT-PCR. The mRNA encoding IL-1, IL-2 were detected continuously from 1 to 20 hrs, and IL-6 was detected up to 24 hrs. But the mRNA encoding $IFN-{\gamma}$ and $TNF-{\alpha}$ were detected to 8 hours only and showed short time response compared with other cytokines. The significant expression of all cytokines mRNA were observed at 4 hrs. These results suggested that MBL, as inducer of cytokines could elicit detectable cytokine mRNA from PBMC.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Background: Cordyceps militaris have been reported to modify the immune and inflammatory responses both in vivo and in vitro. Macrophages play important roles in the innate immunity through the phagocytosis of antigens. This study examined the effects of Cordyceps militaris on the activation of murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages. Methods: The components contained in culture broth of Cordyceps militaris were purified by propyl alcohol extraction and HP 20 column chromatography to CMDB, CMDBW, CMDB5P, and CMDB25P. The amounts of nitric oxide (NO) were determined by using ELISA, Griess reagent respectively. The amounts of some cytokines were determined by using ELISA, western blot, and RT-PCR The expression levels of cell surface molecules (ICAM-1, B7-1 and B7-2) were measured by flow cytometric analysis. Results: All the components of Cordyceps militaris produced significant amounts of NO. In particular, CMDB produced much more NO in RAW 264.7 cells and primary macrophages than other fractions of Cordyceps militaris. CMDB increased significantly the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-1${\beta}$, and IL-6 dose-dependently in RAW 264.7 cells. Examination of the gene expression level also showed that the enhanced production of cytokines was correlated with the up-regulation of i-NOS expression, cycloxygenase (COX)-2 expression, IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 expression, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression on the expression of mRNAs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR Western blot analysis also confirmed that CMDB enhances the expression level of these cytokines. Conclusion: These results show that CMDB stimulates the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines and can also up-regulate the gene expression levels in macrophages.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2005

In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of Mahwangpohang-tang on the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice. In order to investigate the effects of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) on the obesity-related genes and cytokines, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed for 13weeks. Body weight change, diet intake change, final increase of body weight, the ratio of the adipocyte in body weight, the expression of leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the expression of UCP-2 in primary adipocytes, the production change of $TNF-\alpha$ and leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of leptin in adipocytes tissue. The body weight of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) intake mice was significantly lower than high fat diet group. The amount of the adipocyte in body weight was decreased Significantly. In primary adipocytes, leptin gene expression and the expression of UCP-2 did not change significantly. In primary adipocytes, the amount of $TNF-\alpha$ was significantly decreased at dose of $100{\mu}/ml$ density. In adipocytes tissue, the expression of leptin did not change significantly. These results suggest that MHPH may inhibit the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice