• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.749-757
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• 2016

본 연구는 미토콘드리아 DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome B (CYTB)와 NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) 유전자 서열의 다형성을 근거로 제주도 큰발윗수염박쥐 집단의 유전적 집단 구조와 계통 유연관계를 조사하는 데 목적이 있다. 동아시아 박쥐에서 CYTB 유전자 haplotype은 14개의 haplotype들이 발견되었고, ND1은 9개의 haplotype 들이 발견되었다. 집단별 haplotype의 분포는 지역-특이적인 양상을 보였다. ND1 haplotype 분석결과에서 제주도 집단은 4개의 haplotype을 나타내고, 한라산 소집단과 서부지역 소집단은 3개 haplotype을 나타내었으나, 동부지역 소집단에서는 제주도 전체에서 공통으로 발견되는 1개(Nd03)의 haplotype만 출현하였다. NJ tree에서 제주도 집단은 강원도 집단보다 일본 집단과 더 근연으로 확인되었다. 중국과 일본의 모계선조 계보 사이의 분화 시점은 0.789±0.063 MYBP으로 추정되었고, 제주도와 일본의 모계선조는 약 17만 년(0.168±0.013 MYBP) 전에 분리된 것 으로 판단된다. 제주도 집단은 적어도 5만 년 이전에 이주한 것으로 보인다. 또한 ND1 haplotype 분석결과는 제주도 집단이 이주 후에도 지역 내에서의 적어도 2회 이상의 유전적 분화를 겪었다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구 결과는 동아시아 큰발윗수염박쥐의 계통 유연관계를 이해하는 데 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이며, 향후 한반도의 남부와 중국, 러시아 등에서 시료 확보를 통해 집단 간 진화적 상관관계를 이해하는 데 필요한 설득력 있는 자료가 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1154-1162
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• 2021

The transcriptional capacities of target genes are strongly influenced by promoters, whereas few studies have focused on the development of robust, high-performance and cross-species promoters for wide application in different bacteria. In this work, four novel promoters (P_k.rtufB, P_k.r1, P_k.r2, and P_k.r3) were predicted from Ketogulonicigenium robustum and their inconsistency in the -10 and -35 region nucleotide sequences indicated they were different promoters. Their activities were evaluated by using green fluorescent protein (gfp) as a reporter in different species of bacteria, including K. vulgare SPU B805, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Paracoccus denitrificans PD1222, Bacillus licheniformis and Raoultella ornithinolytica, due to their importance in metabolic engineering. Our results showed that the four promoters had different activities, with P_k.r1 showing the strongest activity in almost all of the experimental bacteria. By comparison with the commonly used promoters of E. coli (tufB, lac, lacUV5), K. vulgare (Psdh, Psndh) and P. putida KT2440 (JE111411), the four promoters showed significant differences due to only 12.62% nucleotide similarities, and relatively higher ability in regulating target gene expression. Further validation experiments confirmed their ability in initiating the target minCD cassette because of the shape changes under the promoter regulation. The overexpression of sorbose dehydrogenase and cytochrome c551 by P_k.r1 and P_k.r2 resulted in a 22.75% enhancement of 2-KGA yield, indicating their potential for practical application in metabolic engineering. This study demonstrates an example of applying bioinformatics to find new biological components for gene operation and provides four novel promoters with broad suitability, which enriches the usable range of promoters to realize accurate regulation in different genetic backgrounds.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of high concentrations of glucose on porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. Addition of 55 mM glucose to the culture medium of embryos at the four-cell-stage significantly inhibited blastocyst formation, resulting in fewer cells in blastocyst-stage embryos and increased levels of apoptosis and autophagy compared to control. Quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR analysis revealed that the expression of pro-apoptotic genes (Caspase 3, Bax and Bak) and autophagy genes (Atg6 and Atg8/Lc3) were increased significantly by the addition of 55 mM glucose to the culture medium compared to control. MitoTracker Green fluorescence revealed a decrease in the overall mitochondrial mass compared to control. However, the addition of 55 mM glucose had no effect on mRNA expression of the nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1. These results suggest that hyperglycemia reduced the mitochondrial content of porcine embryos developing in vitro and that this may hinder embryonic development to the blastocyst stage and embryo quality by increasing apoptosis and autophagy in these embryos.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2016

톱상어과는 톱상어목에 속하며 지금까지 2속 8종이 보고되었다. 우리나라에 서식하는 톱상어과 어류는 톱상어 1종으로 알려져 있다. 톱상어과는 주둥이 양쪽에 작고 큰 이빨이 나있으며 납작하고 긴 것이 특징이다. 톱상어의 집단구조를 알기 위해서 4개의 지역(한국, 개체수=6; 미야기현, 개체수=1; 고치현, 개체수=1; 오키나와, 개체수=8)에서 채집된 16개체를 대상으로 형태와 분자분석을 실시하였다. 형태분석결과 3가지의 유형으로 구분되었으며, 그 중 톱상어 A 유형은 한국과 일본에 서식하며 짧은 주둥이(전장의 26.8%), 폭넓은 주둥이(주둥이 길이는 주둥이 폭의 4.5배)를 가지며, 톱상어 모식표본과 유사한 점에서 톱상어(Pristiophorus japonicus)로 추정된다. 톱상어 B 유형은 오키나와에 서식하며 긴 주둥이(전장의 31.7%), 폭넓은 주둥이(5.2배)를 가져 Pristiophorus sp.1로 제안한다. 톱상어 C 유형은 오키나와에 서식하며 긴 주둥이(전장의 31.7%), 폭좁은 주둥이(6.3배)를 가져 Pristiophorus sp. 2로 제안한다. 나아가 톱상어 A 유형과 C 유형의 mtDNA cytb 영역을 비교한 결과 2.1~2.7% 차이를 보여 형태결과를 지지해 주었다. 향후 Pristiophorus sp. 1 및 Pristiophorus sp. 2의 분류학적 위치를 구명하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2563-2569
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• 2012

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of Moringa oleifera as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced hepatocellular damage. Single oral administration of DMBA (15 mg/kg) to mice resulted in significantly (p<0.001) depleted levels of xenobiotic enzymes like, cytochrome P450 and b5. DMBA induced oxidative stress was confirmed by decreased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver tissue. The status of hepatic aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) which is indicative of hepatocellular damage were also found to be decreased in DMBA administered mice. Pretreatment with the Moringa oleifera (200 and 400 mg/kg) orally for 14 days significantly reversed the DMBA induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that Moringa oleifera exhibits good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against DMBA induced hepatocellular damage in mice that might be due to decreased free radical generation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2003

목적 : 허혈시 발생되는 저산소중 상태에서는 세포독성을 유발한다고 알려져 있으나 정확한 기전은 아직 규명되지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 뇌허혈로 인한 세포독성의 기전을 유전자 발현을 통하여 살펴보고자 하였다. 방법 : 본 실험에서는 BV-2 microglia 세포주에 12시간 동안의 저산소 상태에서의 유전자 발현을 분석하기 위하여 마이크로에레이를 시행하였다. 결과 : 저산소 상태에서는 정상에 비하여 cathepsin F, growth factor independent 1, calcitonin/calcitonin-related poly, leucine-rich repeat LGI family membrane, dublecortin, cyclohydrolase 1, Ia-associated invariant chain, carbohydrate kinase-like과 erythrocyte protein band 4.1-like 3 등의 유전자 발현이 3배 이상 증가하였다. 한편 neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor, Bcl-2-related ovarian killer protein, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, RNA binding motif protein 3, interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain, crystallin zeta, cytochrome P450 subfamily IV B, asparagine synthetase과 moesin 등의 유전자 발현은 0.2배 이하로 감소하였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 저산소중에 관여하는 유전자 및 저산소중과 관련된 뇌경색 등의 질환의 기전을 밝히는데 기초적 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.182-189
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• 2004

To find the action mechanism of the MeOH extract (LFS) of Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis herbs (Compositae) and its active component, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (DCQA) on antihepatotoxicity, the effect was investigated on hepatic lipid perxodation and drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in acetaminophen-treated rat. Pretreatment with 250 mg/kg LFS (p.o.) and 10 mg/kg DCQA (p.o.) significantly decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation caused by acetaminophen injection. Further, LFS and DCQA inhibited hepatic microsomal enzyme activation such as hepatic P-450 cytochrome $b_5$, aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase, suggesting that the two substances might effectively prevent the metabolic activation or scavenge electrophilic intermediates capable of causing hepatotoxicity. Both LFS and DCQA increased hepatic glutathione content and glutathione reductase activity, indicating that both resultantly prevented hepatotoxicity via antioxidative mechanism. Therefore, it was found that LFS had antihepatotoxicity based on the antioxidative action of DCQA.

• 약학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

The present study was to investigate the effect of naringin, a flavonoid, on the pharmacokinetics of losartan in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan in rats were determined after an oral administration of losartan (9 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of naringin (0.5, 2.5 and 10 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic parameters of losartan were significantly altered by the presence of naringin compared with the control group (given losartan alone). Presence of naringin significantly (p<0.05, 2.5 mg/kg; p<0.01, 10 mg/kg) increased the area under the plasma concentration?time curve (AUC) of losartan by 43.7~63.0% and peak plasma concentration ($C_{max}$) of losartan by 31.7~45.5%. Consequently, the absolute bioavailability (AB) of losartan in the presence of naringin was 43.8~62.9%, which was enhanced significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) compared to that in the oral control group (22.4%). The relative bioavailability (R.B.) of losartan increased by 1.44- to 1.63-fold in the presence of naringin. However, there was no significant change in the peak plasma concentration ($T_{max}$) and terminal half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of losartan in the presence of naringin. In conclusion, the presence of naringin significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of losartan, implying that presence of naringin might be mainly effective to inhibit the cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A-mediated metabolism, resulting in reducing gastrointestinal and hepatic first-pass metabilism and Pglycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of losartan in small intestine. Concurrent use of naringin or naringin-containing dietary supplement with losartan should require close monitoring for potential drug interactions.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2007

자리돔과(Teleostei: Pomacentridae) 어류는 열대 및 아열대 해역에 널리 분포하고 있으며 특히 산호해역의 해양생물 군락을 이루는 주요구성 어류이다. 현재 우리나라에는 본과에 5종이 분포하는 것으로 알려져 있는데 본 논문에서는 genus Chromis와 Dascyllus 2속을 대상으로 분자계통학적 위치를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 분자계통분석에서 일본산 D. aruanus는 계통도상에서 폴리네시아산 D. aruanus와 함께 유집되었고, 우리나라의 Chromis fumea는 호주의 C. nitida와 함께 유집되었으며, 두 종간의 유전적 거리를 표시하는 P 값은 0.047로 상대적으로 매우 낮았다. 우리나라의 C. notatus는 뉴칼레도니아산 C. flavomaculata와 함께 유집되었는데, 특히 제주의 D. melanurus와 인도-태평양의 D. melanurus 사이에는 유전자 염기서열의 차이가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 이 두 지역의 D. melanurs와 인도네시아의 D. melanurus간에는 한개의 염기서열 차이가 있었다. 일본산 Dascyllus aruanus의 염기서열은 폴리네시아산 Dascyllus aruanus와 2개의 염기서열 차이가 있었고, 한국산 Chromis fumea와 C. notatus 사이에는 다소 많은 수의 염기서열 차이가 있었다. 본 논문에서 도입한 미토콘드리아 cytochrome DNA의 염기서열 정보 및 분석은 이 유전자가 종 수준에서 뿐만 아니라 지역집단의 구분 및 확인을 위한 DNA 바코드로서 이용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ticlopidine on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after oral or intravenous administration of carvedilol in rats. Carvedilol was administered orally (3 mg/kg) or intravenously (1 mg/kg) without or with oral administration of ticlopidine (4, 12 mg/kg) to rats. The effects of ticlopidine on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 activity were also evaluated. Ticlopidine inhibited CYP2C9 activity in a concentration-dependent manner with 50% inhibition concentration ($IC_{50}$) of $25.2\;{\mu}M$. In addition, ticlopidine could not significantly enhance the cellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared with the control group (given carvedilol alone), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was significantly (12 mg/kg, p<0.05) increased by 14-41%, and the peak concentration ($C_{max}$) was significantly (12 mg/kg, p<0.05) increased by 10.7-73.3% in the presence of ticlopidine after oral administration of carvedilol. Consequently, the relative bioavailability (R.B.) of carvedilol was increased by 1.14- to 1.41-fold and the absolute bioavailability (A.B.) of carvedilol in the presence of ticlopidine was increased by 36.2-38.5%. Compared to the i.v. control, ticlopidine could not significantly change the pharmacokinetic parameters of i.v. administered carvedilol. The enhanced oral bioavailability of carvedilol may result from inhibition of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism rather than P-gpmediated efflux of carvedilol in the intestinal and/or in liver and renal eliminatin of carvedilol by ticlopidine.