• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2010

A cyanobacteria species, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, was tested to assess its biotransformation ability on two widely used insecticides, aldrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in the culture medium. The blue-green alga metabolized aldrin mainly to dieldrin by an epoxidation reaction with the participation of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in the cyanobacteria. The blue-green alga also produced chlorpyrifosmethyl oxon as a primary metabolite from chlorpyrifos-methyl via a desulfuration reaction, presumably conducted by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Therefore, two insecticides might be possibly dissipated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the blue-green algae in the contaminated environments.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 1989

Chronic adminstraction of morphine to adult male rats has long been known to lower hepatic cytochrome p-450 content and its dependent mixed-function oxidase activity. Following the treatment of adult male rats with morphine, pethidine pentazocine and codeine and also by concomitant adminstration of naloxone activities of microsomal electron transfer in the adult male rats were examined. In present study, the acute treatment of mature male rats with a dose of narcotic drugs higher than that used chronically also reduces their hepatic cytochrome p-450.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of organic solvents on xenobiotic metabollzing enzyme system in vivo by meaas of experimental conditions i.e. (1) single group which was treated by benzene (B), toluene (T) and xylene (X), respectively, (2) combination group which was treated by mixture of benzene+toluene (BT), benzene+xylene (BX), and toluene+xylene (TX), respectively, (3) mixture group which was treated by benzene+ toluene+xylene mixture (M), and to interpreat the interaction between the organic solvents metabolizing enzymes. 1. The contents of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes were increased (p < 0.01) in organic solvents treated groups, and the contents of cytochrome P-450 were increased by following order of B < T < M < BT=BX < X < TX. 2. The activity of cytochrome P-450 dependent AHHase was significantly higher in organic solvents treated groups than in control group (p < 0.01), and the activity of AHHase was increased by following order of B < T < BT=BX=TX=xylene < M. 3. The activity of NADPH P-450 reductase was significantly higher in organic solvents treated groups than in control group (p < 0.01), and the order of M < combinated group < X < T

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.2076-2086
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• 2016

Fungal cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyze versatile monooxygenase reactions and play a major role in fungal adaptations owing to their essential roles in the production avoid metabolites critical for pathogenesis, detoxification of xenobiotics, and exploitation avoid substrates. Although fungal CYP-dependent biotransformation for the selective oxidation avoid organic compounds in yeast system is advantageous, it often suffers from a shortage avoid intracellular NADPH. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of bacterial glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) for the intracellular electron regeneration of fungal CYP monooxygenase in a yeast reconstituted system. The benzoate hydroxylase FoCYP53A19 and its homologous redox partner FoCPR from Fusarium oxysporum were co-expressed with the BsGDH from Bacillus subtilis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for heterologous expression and biotransformations. We attempted to optimize several bottlenecks concerning the efficiency of fungal CYP-mediated whole-cell-biotransformation to enhance the conversion. The catalytic performance of the intracellular NADPH regeneration system facilitated the hydroxylation of benzoic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with high conversion in the resting-cell reaction. The FoCYP53A19+FoCPR+BsGDH reconstituted system produced 0.47 mM 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (94% conversion) in the resting-cell biotransformations performed in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) containing 0.5 mM benzoic acid and 0.25% glucose for 24 h at $30^{\circ}C$. The "coupled-enzyme" system can certainly improve the overall performance of NADPH-dependent whole-cell biotransformations in a yeast system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1993

Incubation of $S(-)-^3H$-nicotine with rabbit lung microsomes in the presence of dioxygen and NADPH results in the formation of metabolities that bind covalently to microsomal macro-molecules. The addition of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitors, $\alpha$-methylbenzyl ami-nobenzotriazole and aroclor 1260, inhibited both (S)-nicotine metabolism and covalent binding. The relative rates of oxidation of nicotine $\Delta^{1',5'}$ iminium ion to continine indicates that lung $100,000\times{g}$ supematant catalyzed this oxidation approximately 18 times slower than that of liver system based on mg of protein, and increased covalent interactions. Since than that of liver system based on mg of protein, nd increased covalent interactions. Since the activity of lung iminium oxidase appears much lowr than the liver, it is tempting to speculate that localized concentrations of nicotine $\Delta^{1',5'}$ iminium ion in the lung will survive for a longer period of time. These results support that cytochrome P-450 catalyzed oxidation of nicotine leads to the formation of reactive nad electrophilic intemediates capable of chemical interactions with biomacromolecules.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 1996

이스라엘 잉어에 있어서 carbamate계 살충제 carbofuran의 독성에 미치는 phenobarbital sodium(PB) 또는 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)의 영향과 작용기작을 효소적 측면에서 구명할 목적으로 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 이스라엘 잉어에 각 조합으로 처리하여 독성경감 효과를 조사하였고, 공시한 농약과 PB나 MC가 acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glutathione S-transferase(GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase(UDPGT) 및 cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase(monooxygenase)의 효소활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 각각 조합으로 처리한 후 경시적으로 이스라엘 잉어의 각 효소들의 상대활성도를 조사하였다. PB와 3-MC만 투여한 실험군에서 이스라엘 잉어의 생존수는 무처리군과 동일하였고 살충제만 처리한 실험군의 이스라엘 잉어 생존수는 처리농도가 증가하면서 감소되었으나, PB나 3-MC와 살충제를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 살충제만 처리한 실힘군에 비하여 매우 높은 생존율을 나타낸 것으로 보아 해독효과가 인정 되었다. 효소활성(in vivo)은 AChE의 경우 carbofuran 0.95 ppm만을 처리한 실험군에서는 24시간내내 각 조사시기마다 무처리군에 비해 40% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB 및 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 효소활성이 초기에 감소하다가 서서히 증가하여 24시간후에는 무처리군과 비슷한 수준을 나타냈고, GST의 경우 carbofuran만을 처리한 실험군에서는 초기에 약 20% 이상의 활성저해를 보였으나 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험군에서는 약제처리 1시간 후 부터 무처리군에 비해 효소활성이 20% 이상 증가하였다. UDPGT와 monooxygenase의 효소활성은 carbofuran과 PB나 3-MC를 조합처리한 실험에서 처리 $6{\sim}12$시간 후에는 carbofuran 처리군에 비해 효소활성이 $4{\sim}8$배 이상 급격히 높아졌다. 이상의 결과에서 PB 및 3-MC처리가 이들 효소의 활성을 유도함으로써 carbofuran의 독성으로 부터 이스라엘 잉어를 보호 하는데 관여한 것으로 보인다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.247-254
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• 2010

2000년 12월 경북 칠곡의 장미재배지에서 점박이응애를 채집하여 10년 동안 bifenazate로 도태시켜 855.9배의 저항성 계통을 얻었다. 이 계통의 성충에 대한 8종 살비제의 교차저항성 유무를 조사한 결과, acequinocyl에 614.0배의 높은 교차저항성을 나타내었고, chlorfenapyr는 9.1배의 낮은 교차저항성을 나타내었다. 한편 fenazaquin(0.3배)와 fenpyroximate(0.1배)는 역상관 교차저항성을 나타내었다. 청주, 강진, 충주에서 채집한 점박이응애의 bifienazate 저항성을 확인해 본 결과, 청주와 충주의 개체군은 각각 5.5배, 21.8배의 낮은 저항성을 보였고 강진 개체군은 964.5배의 높은 저항성을 나타내었다. 또한 esterases(EST), glutathione S-transferase(GST)과 cytochrome $P_{450}$-dependent monooxygenase($P_{450}$)의 효소활성을 조사한 결과, bifenazate 저항성 점박이응애의 $P_{450}$의 활성이 감수성계통에 비해 1.6배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 감수성계통과 저항성계통의 미토콘드리아 cytochrome b의 DNA염기서열과 아미노산을 비교한 결과, G126S의 점 돌연변이(point mutation)를 확인하였고 bifenazate 약제에 높은 저항성을 보이는 강진 개체군에서도 G126S의 점 돌연변이를 확인하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2007

홍삼의 물추출물을 장기간 흰쥐에 급여했을 때 흰쥐 간의 이물질대사효소 활성도 유도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 홍삼 물추출물의 급여농도는 25 mg/kg body weight이었으며, 간의 이물질대사효소 유도제는 항경련제 PB (80 mg/kg)와 발암제 3-MC (20 mg/kg)을 사용하였다. 간에서 이물질대사에 관여하는 cytochrome P-450의 함량, cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase인 ECOD와 BPDM, cytochrome P-450 reductase와 GST의 활성도는 PB와 3-MC 투여에 의해서 대조군과 홍삼투여군 모두 크게 증가되었다. 흰쥐의 나이가 3개월에서는 두 유도제를 투여했을 때 이물질대사효소의 활성은 대조군이 인삼투여군에 비해 상대적으로 더 많이 유도되었다. 그러나 12개월에서는 두 시험군 모두 유도정도가 감소하였으나 홍삼투여군은 그 활성도 감소정도가 대조군에 비해 상대적으로 크지 않았다. 한편 두 그룹 모두 이물질대사 효소 중 cytochrome $B_5$ 함량과 cytochrome $b_5$ reductase의 활성도는 PB와 3-MC 투여에 의해서 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 흰쥐에 홍삼의 장기간 급여는 간에서 효소유도제의 이물질대사효소유도 정도를 조절하여 무독화에 기여할 수 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2009

The human cytochrome P450 4A11 is the major monooxygenase to oxidize the fatty acids and arachidonic acid. The production of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by P450 4A11 has been implicated in the regulation of vascular tone and blood pressure. Oxidation reaction by P450 4A11 requires its reduction partners, NADPH-P450 reductase (NPR). We report the functional expression in Escherichia coli of bicistronic constructs consisting of P450 4A11 encoded by the first cistron and the electron donor protein, NPR by the second. Typical P450 expression levels of wild type and several N-terminal modified mutants was observed in culture media and prepared membrane fractions. The expression of functional NPR in the constructed P450 4A11: NPR bicistronic system was clearly verified by reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Membrane preparation containing P450 4A11 and NPR efficiently oxidized lauric acid mainly to $\omega$-hydroxylauric acid. Bicistronic coexpression of P450 4A11 and NPR in E. coli cells can be extended toward identification of novel drug metabolites or therapeutic agents involved in P450 4A11 dependent signal pathways.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.376.2-377
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• 2002

Some of the dammarane-type saponins. ginsenosides of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae) are now well established as a potent chemotherapeutic agent against a wide variety of aliments. Its various pharmacological and biological activities have been thoroughly reviewed (S. Shibata, 2001). The limited supply of the drug from the original source. the hairy root of the Panax ginseng promoted intense efforts to develop alternate sources and means of production. (omitted)