• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2016

최근에 해상 풍력발전기의 기초구조물로 석션 버켓기초가 적용되고 있다. 그런데, 석션기초는 보통 해양 연약지반에 설치되므로 장기 반복하중에 의해 누적변위가 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 1-g 모형실험을 수행하여 장기 수평 반복하중을 받는 석션 버켓기초의 누적 회전각을 분석하였다. 지반조건은 2가지 밀도의 건조 사질토 지반에 대하여 실험하였다. 모형석션 버켓기초의 근입깊이, 모형지반의 밀도, 반복하중의 크기를 변화시키며 실험을 수행하였다. 수평 반복하중은 일방향 재하로 최대 $10^4$번까지 재하하였다. 실험결과, 석션 버켓기초의 누적회전각은 재하횟수와 재하진폭이 증가에 비례하여 증가하였다. 실험결과를 이용하여 건조 사질토 지반에 근입된 석션 버켓기초의 장기 누적회전각을 산정할 수 있는 경험식을 제안하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2016

It was found that the lateral stiffness changes obvious at the transfer position of the section configuration from SRC to RC. This particular behavior leads to that the transfer columns become as the important elements in SRC-RC hybrid structures. A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of SRC-RC transfer columns based on a low cyclic loading test of 16 transfer columns compared with 1 RC column. Test results shows three failure modes for transfer columns, which are shear failure, bond failure and bend failure. Its seismic behavior was completely analyzed about the failure mode, hysteretic and skeleton curves, bearing capacity deformation ability, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation. It is further determined that displacement ductility coefficient of transfer columns changes from 1.97 to 5.99. The stiffness of transfer columns are at the interval of SRC and RC, and hence transfer columns can play the role of transition from SRC to RC. All specimens show similar discipline of stiffness degradation and the process can be divided into three parts. Some specimens of transfer column lose bearing capacity swiftly after shear cracking and showed weak energy dissipation ability, but the others show better ability of energy dissipation than RC column.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.235-255
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• 2016

This paper experimentally investigated the behavior of steel frame structures of traditional-style buildings subjected to combined constant axial load and reversed lateral cyclic loading conditions. The low cyclic reversed loading test was carried out on a 1/2 model of a traditional-style steel frame. The failure process and failure mode of the structure were observed. The mechanical behaviors of the steel frame, including hysteretic behaviors, order of plastic hinges, load-displacement curve, characteristic loads and corresponding displacements, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, and stiffness degradation were analyzed. Test results showed that the Dou-Gong component (a special construct in traditional-style buildings) in steel frame structures acted as the first seismic line under the action of horizontal loads, the plastic hinges at the beam end developed sufficiently and satisfied the Chinese Seismic Design Principle of "strong columns-weak beams, strong joints-weak members". The pinching phenomenon of hysteretic loops occurred and it changed into Z-shape, indicating shear-slip property. The stiffness degradation of the structure was significant at the early stage of the loading. When failure, the ultimate elastic-plastic interlayer displacement angle was 1/20, which indicated high collapse resistance capacity of the steel frame. Furthermore, the finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the behavior of traditional-style frame structure. Test results agreed well with the results of the finite element analysis.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.286-289
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• 2004

This paper presents the fatigue characteristics of LIPCA (LIghtweight Piezo-Composite Actuator) device system. The LIPCA device system is composed of a piezoelectric ceramic layer and fiber reinforced lightweight composite layers. Typically a PZT ceramic layer is sandwiched by a top fiber layer with low CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) and base layers with high CTE. The advantages of the LIPCA design are weight reduction by using the lightweight fiber reinforced plastic layers without compromising the generation of high force and large displacement and design flexibility by selecting the fiber direction and the size of prepreg layers. To predict the degradation of actuation performance of LIPCA due to fatigue, the cyclic electric loading tests using PZT specimens were performed and the strain for a given excitation voltage was measured during the test. The results from the PZT fatigue test were implemented into CLPT (Classical Laminated Plate Theory) model to predict the degradation of LIPCA's actuation displacement. The fatigue characteristic of PZT was measured using a test system composed of a supporting jig, a high voltage power supplier, data acquisition board, PC, and evaluated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.165-173
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• 2019

Plate anchors are generally used for structures like transmission towers, mooring systems etc. where the uplift and lateral forces are expected to be predominant. The capacity of anchor plate can be increased by the use of geosynthetics without altering the size of plates. Numerical simulations have been carried out on three different sizes of square anchor plates. A single layer geosynthetic has been used as reinforcement in the analysis and placed at three different positions from the plate. The effects of various parameters like embedment ratio, position of reinforcement, width of reinforcement, frequency and loading amplitude on the pull out capacity have been presented in this study. The load-displacement behaviour of anchors for various embedment ratios with and without reinforcement has been also observed. The pull out load, corresponding to a displacement equal to each of the considered maximum amplitudes of a given frequency, has been expressed in terms of a dimensionless breakout factor. The pull out load for all anchors has been found to increase by more than 100% with embedment ratio varying from 1 to 6. Finally a semi empirical formulation for breakout factor for square anchors in reinforced soil has also been proposed by carrying out regression analysis on the data obtained from numerical simulations.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2024

Ratcheting is the cyclic buildup of inelastic strain on a structure resulting from a combination of primary and secondary cyclic stress. It can lead to excessive plastic deformation, incremental collapse, or fatigue. Ratcheting has been numerically investigated on a cantilever beam, considering the current study's primary and secondary bending loads. In addition, the effect of input frequency on the onset of ratcheting has been investigated. The non-linear dynamic elastic-plastic approach has been utilized. Analogous to Yamashita's bending-bending ratchet diagram, a non-dimensional ratchet diagram with a frequency effect is proposed. The result presents that the secondary stress values fall sequentially with the increase of primary stress values. Moreover, a displacement amplification factor graph is also established to explain the effect of frequency on ratchet occurrence conditions. In terms of frequency effect, it has been observed that the lower frequency (0.25 times the natural frequency) was more detrimental for ratchet occurrence conditions than the higher frequency (2 times the natural frequency) due to the effect of dynamic displacement. Finally, the effect of material modeling of ratcheting behavior on a beam is shown using different hardening coefficients of kinematic hardening material modeling.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 주문진 표준사를 대상으로 개량된 반복삼축압축 시험장치를 이용하여 탄성계수와 감쇠비에 대한 변형특성을 분석하였다. 기존의 낮은 정밀도를 갖는 LVDT를 사용한 반복삼축시험기를 개량하여 정밀하고 넓은 영역의 동적변형특성을 얻기 위해서 전단변형률(${\gamma}$) $10^{-4}-10^{-1}%$ 범위의 측정을 제어하는 셀 외부 LDT와 내부의 시료에 LDT를 설치하여 사용하였다. 이러한 미소변형제어를 통하여 5가지의 재하속도 변화와 간극비를 구분하고 4가지의 구속응력 조건을 달리하여 반복삼축시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과를 바탕으로 전단탄성계수와 감쇠비를 여러 조건에 대하여 반복하중 및 변형률 크기의 영향을 비교하고 분석한 결과, 주문진 표준사의 기존(공진주 시험)의 동적변형특성 보다 넓은 구간에서 시험값들을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한, 공진주 시험에서 0.02% 이하의 미소변형률 구간에서 얻은 결과를 토대로 중간변형률 구간을 비선형 모델로 예측한 값들은 반복삼축시험으로 얻은 실험값들과 다른 변형특성을 나타내고 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2013

In recent years steel-concrete composite shear walls have been widely used in enormous high-rise buildings. Due to high strength and ductility, enhanced stiffness, stable cycle characteristics and large energy absorption, such walls can be adopted in the auxiliary building; surrounding the reactor containment structure of nuclear power plants to resist lateral forces induced by heavy winds and severe earthquakes. This paper demonstrates a set of nonlinear numerical studies on I-shaped composite steel-concrete shear walls of the nuclear power plants subjected to reverse cyclic loading. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed using ABAQUS by emphasizing on constitutive material modeling and element type to represent the real physical behavior of complex shear wall structures. The analysis escalates with parametric variation in steel thickness sandwiching the stipulated amount of concrete panels. Modeling details of structural components, contact conditions between steel and concrete, associated boundary conditions and constitutive relationships for the cyclic loading are explained. Later, the load versus displacement curves, peak load and ultimate strength values, hysteretic characteristics and deflection profiles are verified with experimental data. The convergence of the numerical outcomes has been discussed to conclude the remarks.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.313-328
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• 2015

In the present study, a CPT-based p-y analysis method was proposed for offshore mono-piles embedded in sands. Static and cyclic loading conditions were both taken into account for the proposed method. The continuous soil profiling capability of CPT was an important consideration for the proposed method, where detailed soil profile condition with depth can be readily incorporated into the analysis. The hyperbolic function was adopted to describe the non-linear p-y curves. For the proposed hyperbolic p-y relationship, the ultimate lateral soil resistance $p_u$ was given as a function of the cone resistance, which is directly introduced into the analysis as an input data. For cyclic loading condition, two different cyclic modification factors were considered and compared. Case examples were selected to check the validity of the proposed CPT-based method. Calculated lateral displacements and bending moments from the proposed method were in good agreement with measured results for lateral displacement and bending moment profiles. It was observed the accuracy of calculated results for the conventional approach was largely dependent on the selection of friction angle that is to be adopted into the analysis.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2021

풍력발전기 기초의 누적 회전각과 침하량을 예측하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 반복하중에 따른 버킷기초의 장기거동을 분석하는 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 사질토 지반에 설치된 버킷기초의 다양한 3차원 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 반복 삼축압축시험으로부터 도출된 강성감소 경험식을 수치모델에 사용자 서브루틴으로 적용하여 해석을 수행하였다. 강성감소 모델을 사용하여 버킷기초의 누적 회전각을 산정하였으며, 반복하중 작용 시 거동에 영향을 주는 주요인자에 대한 분석이 이루어졌다.