• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.3-19
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• 2002

The problems and needs of families in Hong Kong are becoming more complex. Traditional family structures and functions are rapidly eroding. Moreover, family problems are further exacerbated by a growing number of socio-economic issues including rising divorce rates and extra-marital affairs. continuous family reunion migration from Mainland China, emotional and financial cost of caring for the older people and the changing economy which has pushed more families into hardship. In effect, more and more families are becoming vulnerable to risk. Traditional family services in Hong Kong are varied in mode, operation and provision, often overlapping in service boundaries with other family-oriented programs. In many instances, family service centers are stretched far beyond their capacity. As a consequence, they become too reactive, remedial and casework dominated. The University of Hong Kong Consultant Team recommended that family service programs have to protect vulnerable families and strengthen family capacities to promote maximum independence. The direction of family services is summarized as: strengthening families; child-centered, family-focused and community-based. New integrative family service centers aim at attaining the principles of promoting accessibility to users with minimum physical, psychological and administrative barriers; early identification of needs and intervention before the further deterioration of problems; integration of services cutting across program boundaries, and partnership between service providers to achieve efficient and effective use of scarce resources. Under the new model, multi-skilled teams can respond more proactively to a wide range of social needs, rather than addressing needs in isolation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the new model, the consultant team has been commissioned by the government to evaluate the performance of these two-year pilot projects. More importantly, a coherent and family-friendly social policy should be formulated to strengthen family capacity against family-related problems.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.16-21
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• 2004

This paper has investigated influences of pollutants in air-breathing on the respirators and it by year of disused air respirators that fire fighter is using in domestic cutting done air respirators after collection observed state of cylinder material through instrumental analysis, and cut open pipe to confirm pollution degree of pipe from cylinder of air respirators to airline mask and confirm pollution availability. The metal surface inside the air respirators was corroded by moisture included in the compressed air. The material generated by corrosion is white powder of less then 100㎛, which is analyzed as aluminum hydroxide corroded by moisture. This aluminum hydroxide powder may get into the lung while one breathes in, and it is easy to be attached to the lung so it will cause a serious influences to human health. This study suggests that Korea should set out the standards for components and composition of breathing air as soon as possible.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1997

Knowledge and attitudes on current selection of fats and oils were surveyed among college students and USDA extension off campus faculties. The objective of this survey was to obtain information about the nutrition knowledge and attitudes toward fats and to assess relationships between the nutrition knowledge, general attitudes toward dietary fats, and specific attitudes toward the eating of certain foods. The attitudes toward and nutrition knowledge of dietary fat sections consisted of 22 and 39 statements respectively. Avoiding red meat and eggs and avoiding fats as a flavoring were attitudes whose maintenance may require special, long-term intervention strategies. Replacing high-fat foods with low-fat foods, modification(cutting fat off any meat) and substitution were easily adopted and maintained low-fat habit. The responses to wanting to lose some weight and feeling better if increasing exercise were favorable. The attitudes toward the possible relationships between fat consumption and health were favorable. Respondents on the nutrition knowledge test attained a mean score of 129.69 and a median score of 127 our of the highest possible score of 200. Extension off campus faculties, nutrition majoring/majored subjects, and over 41-year-olds tended to have more favorable general attitudes and specific attitudes toward the consumption of certain foods and higher knowledge. Senior students had more negative general attitudes and specific attitudes, and college graduates and graduate students had more nutrition knowledge. Nutrition know-ledge was related to general attitudes toward dietary fats, but not to more specific attitudes toward the eating of certain foods. Nutrition education will not be effective in modifying the intake of dietary fats in the population because nutrition knowledge related to general attitudes toward dietary fats and general nutrition practice but not the eating of certain foods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.591-596
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• 1994

Chemical composition and nutritive values of napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) silages subjected to two cutting intervals were studies; 1st harvest in July (A), and 2nd (B) and 1st (C) harvests in November. Each forage was ensiled with 4% molasses in plastic bags and stored for 5 or 9 months. A feeding experiment with castrated goats was conducted from April to June of the following year. Dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) content of the harvests varied from 9.5 to 22.8% and 6.6 to 13.6% of DM, respectively. The dry matter content of the silages fed to the goats were 13.0 to 24.4%, because some effluent was removed from each silage before the feeding trial. The pH values of the silages were between 4.03 and 4.29. Goats were given sufficient silage to meet maintenance nitrogen requirements from napier grass silage. Silage C was not completely consumed, and the silage had low digestibilities of DM, CP, hemicellulose and cellulose. Nitrogen balance was slightly positive for goats consuming silage B and was negative for goats consuming silages A and C. Nitrogen utilization was discussed in terms of ruminal $NH_3-N$ and volatile fatty acid concentration in the rumen fluids. It is concluded that goats could not maintain N-equilibrium not only when a younger forage was consumed at a level of N requirement by a restricted feeding, but also when an older forage could not be consumed enough for N requirement because of feed intake limitation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.3 s.131
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

This research studied the utilization of the bed log wastes as a papermaking grade pulp. Five different bed log samples from shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing) cultivation were collected by the cultivating periods of 1 to 5 years. The wood chemical composition and the characteristics of kraft pulping of each sample were investigated. The results of chemical composition showed that the rate of carbohydrate (glucose and xylose) content in sapwood was decreased as the cultivation period was increased. In heartwood, there was no significant difference. The screening yield of non-cultivated bed log from kraft pulping was higher than that of cultivated one, but the reject of cultivated one, especially for 5 year-cultivated, was lower than non-cultivated bed log. The fiber length and width was continuously decreased as the cultivation period was increased. Therefore, the freeness of the pulp from the cultivated bed log was sharply decreased comparing to non-cultivated due to the fiber cutting and the increased fine content. The dry strengths were increased according to the increasing addition level of bed log kraft pulp to KOCC and non-cultivated wood pulp. From the overall results, the pulp from 5 years cultivated bed log can be reasonably used if it is mixed with long fiber pulp for advantages such as reducing beating time.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 2014

Concerning $CO_2$ reduction from International Societies, lots of laboratories and relevant societies suggest many reports on how to reduce fuel consumption from their specific ways. Undoubtedly, cutting costs is the final desired destination for owner outcome, but many questions there are on the way yet: how is this measure working? how efficient is it? On what size of ship would it work best and be the most effective? etc. Fuel cost is one of the major cost elements for ship owners and/or operators. And by reducing fuel consumption owners and/or operators will reduce both their costs and the environmental impact from their ship. This paper is aim to address how the measures work for saving fuel consumption through improve propulsion efficiency, installation cost and benefit can be calculated easily in the return on investment for estimated one year operation, and finally their compatibility with other fuel saving measure devices.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.38-56
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• 1998

We are faced with the crisis of the R&D investment because of the effects of the IMF conditions. Most of the laboratories are going to restructure by the cutting off of money, man power and the reduction of R&D thema. Therefore it is necessary to allocate the R&D resources effectively to the R&D projects. The evaluation and the selection of the R&D projects have been recognized as the most important process for the allocation of the R&D resources. The result of the KITA(1997) shows that the commercial success rate of the R&D from new-product brain storming is only 5.8%. This study aims to analyze the actual conditions of the cost benefit analysis(CBA) of R&D projects of selected laboratories and to study measure methods of the R&D benefits. The research method of this study reviews the CBA of R&D firstly, and surveys 200 selected high ranking labs of the R&D expenditures. For the comparison of the results between '87 and '97, this survey used the same questionaries for each year. As the result of the survey only 27 labs(response rate 13.5%) responded. The result of the '97 survey is as follows : The CBA is used by 44% of responding labs. The economic evaluation method for the R&D project selection is used by 48% of labs and this numbers increased by over 10 percents points compared with the result of '87. The CBA is used for about 40% about each of the budget preparing and the budget analysis, and by 30% of labs to analyze sales and expenditures of the overall period of the project. As the measurement of benefits of R&D projects, 30% of labs responded that it is impossible to measure the benefits, and 20% of labs measured the benefits between sales and expenditures of the R&D project.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.208-237
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• 1998

We are faced with the crisis of the R&D investment because of the effects of the IMF conditions. Most of the laboratories are going to restructure by the cutting off of money, man power and the reduction of R&D theme. Therefore it is necessary to allocate the R&D resources effectively to R&D projects. The evaluation and the selection of R&D projects have been recognized as the most important process for the allocation of the R&D resources. The result of the KITA(1997) shows that the commercial success rate of the R&D from new-product brain storming is only 5.8%. This study aims to analyze the actual conditions of the cost benefit analysis(CBA) of R&D projects of selected laboratories and to study measure methods of the R&D benefits. The research method of this study reviews the CBA of R&D firstly, and surveys 200 selected high ranking labs of R＆D expenditures. For the comparison of the results between '87 and '97, this survey used the same questionary for each year. As the result of the survey only 27 labs(response rate 13.5%) responded. The result of the '97 survey is as follows : The CBA is used by 44% of responding labs. The economic evaluation method for the R&D project selection is used by 48% of labs and this numbers increased by over 10 percents points compared with the result of '87. The CBA is used for about 40% about each of the budget preparing and the budget analysis, and by 30% of labs to analyze sales and expenditures of the overall period of the project. As the measurement of benefits of R&D projects, 30% of labs responded that it is impossible to measure the benefits, and 20% of labs measured the benefits between sales and expenditures of R&D projects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2017

Objectives: Six cases of non-oral occupational methanol poisoning were found in mobile phone parts manufacturers in South Korea during the period from 22 January 2016 to 5 October 2016. We conducted this study to determine the cause of the accident including social environment factor. Methods: We interviewed the cases. Based on that, we described this poisoning accident narratively and arranged the evolution of the accident in chronological order. We used the Haddon matrix method to investigate the cause of the accident. Results: It was found that six cases were all dispatched workers who were under poor working condition including working time exceeded 12 hours a day, not given basic occupational health and safety information etc. Occupational disease associated with dispatched work was difficult to be reported. 2 cases were not able to identify the cause of the disease within one year. Conclusions: In short, the direct cause of the poisoning accident was that workers were exposed to high concentration of methanol(over 1,000 ppm). One of the main fundamental cause is that dispatched worker is rampant in the supply chain of mobile phone production. To protect dispatched workers, appropriate occupational safety health measures are needed urgently.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.879-890
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• 2017

The US Pavement Design method (AASHTO) and HDM-4, a road pavement maintenance decision system, are not suitable for domestic pavement design, construction and maintenance. KPRP(Korea Pavement Research Program) has been developed to reflect Korea's environmental conditions and vehicle characteristics, thereby, extending pavement life. The main objective of this study is to select the best alternative through Life Cycle Cost $CO_2$ (LCCC) calculations among three representative maintenance strategies using KPRP design software since the environment cost resulting from the extended pavement life will also differ. The analysis of this study illustrates that cumulative carbon emissions for 40 years in alternative 2 (Cutting and Overlaying at Year 30) is the lowest option among them, and the basic cost of $CO_2$ emission by various road maintenance and repair work can be used for suggesting an optimal maintenance strategy for highway agency.