• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1991

The purpose of this experiment was in order to detect the effect of cutting height on the growth and thatch accumulation in Zoysio japonica Cutting height treatments were 2.5, 3.8, 5.1cm and no cutting, respectively. The results were obtained as follows : 1.Cutting treatments great]y affected to the growth of Zoysia japonica and thatch accumulation. 2.The dry weight of Leaf and shoot had the highest at 5.1cm. So 5.1cm treatment was desirable level for the top growth of Zoysia japonica 3.The dry weight of leaf, shoot, root and coverage of control were obtained the higher than cutting treatments. 4.The dry weight of thatch of control were less than cutting treatments, and 5.1cm treatment were more than tow cutting height. 5.Retationships of dry weight of thatch with thatch depth and C/F ratio were positive significant differences at 5% level. 6. Relationship between dry weight of shoot and coverage showed a positive significant difference at 5% level.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.630-635
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• 2000

Previous research has not evaluated the effects of various rates and frequencies of manure application and frequencies of cutting on yield and stand persistence of cool-season grasses and alfalfa-grass mixtures. The primary objective of this study was to compare the effects of cutting management systems on herbage yield and stand persistence of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)-orchardgrass mixture from various rates and frequencies of dairy slurry application. A randomized complete block design with treatments in a sub-subplot arrangement with four replicates was used. The main plot consisted of 2 cutting management systems (4 and 5 annual cuttings). The subplots were 9 fertility treatments: 7 slurry rate and frequency of application treatments, one inorganic fertilizer treatment, and an unfertilized control. The split-split-plots were the two forage species: orchardgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass mixture. The study was initiated after 1st cutting in 1995. Cumulative yields of the 2nd and subsequent cuttings of both orchardgrass and alfalfa-orchardgrass in 1995 were higher for the 5-cutting system than the 4-cutting system. The 1995 growing season was abnormally dry. In 1996, an abnormally wet year, the reverse was true, total herbage yields being higher for the 4-cutting system than the 5-cutting system. Species response to fertility rate/frequency treatments was different in both years. Higher application rates early in the season and carryover of nutrients from late season applications the previous year appear to be responsible for the yield increases of those fertility treatments having significant yield differences between the cutting management systems. The stand ratings of orchardgrass were not affected by cutting management. In the spring of 1997, however, the stand ratings of alfalfa-orchardgrass in the 4-cutting management system were significantly greater than the 5-cutting management system. The very high manure application rate significantly reduced the stand ratings of alfalfa-orchardgrass in the 5-cutting system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 1994

The experiment was canied out to investigate the effects of cutting frequencies (3, 4 and 5 cuts per year) in relation to fertilization of mineral nitrogen on crude protein yield and the contents of crude protein and acid detergent fibre in orchardgms(Dacty1is glomerata L.). Tne results are as follows : 1. The content of crude protein increased according to the increase in cutting frequency and showed the highest in the 1st cut in all treatments. At 4 and 5 cutting frequencies per year, the content of crude protein increased in a large extent according to the increased fertilization of mineral nitrogen. However at 3 cutting frequency, the content of cmde protein appeared higher for no application of mineral nitrogen than for the treatments with fertilization. 2. 'Ihe content of acid detergent fibre(ADF) was considerably reduced at 4 and 5 cutting frequencies and in all treatments, the lowest were recorded in the 1st cut or in the last cut. At 3, 4 and 5 cutting frequencies, the highest ADF were shown in the 2nd cut, 3rd cut and 3rd cut respectively. However, the general trend was that the content of ADF was greatly reduced according to increased level of mineral nitrogen fertilization. 3. The yeild of cmde protein was the highest at 5 cutting frequency(l.2 ton DMIha) and it indicated that the yield of cmde protein increased in accordance to the increase in fertilization of mineral nitrogen and cutting frequency. 4. In all treatments, positive correlation(p<0.001) between the yeilds of crude protein and annual dry matter yield appeared. Negative correIation(p

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

This study was carried out to examine the effect of cutting condition on rooting and their subsequent growth of cut flower in plug cutting of 'Shinma', one of autumn-flowering chrysanthemums. According to the results, cutting with four or six leaves was effective in shoot growth and rooting than any other treatments, and also the length and thickness of cut flower were increased. In case of cutting with leafless, it showed the poorest shoot growth among all of the treatments and there was no root. The weight of shoot was heavier than any other treatments in case of the length of cutting (5~7 cm). And the weight of root and its number were better than any other treatments, in treatment of the length of cutting (5 cm). The growth of shoot and rooting were enhanced by increasing the thickness of cutting. In case of thickness of cutting, the cutting (3.2 mm tnickenss) showed more favorable shoot length of cut flower than any other treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that the 5 cm long and 3.2 mm thick cuttings with four leaves are used to improve their rooting and subsequent growth in plug cutting of Dendranthema grandiflorum 'Shinma'.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 1994

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of mixed application of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer on dry matter(DM) yield in orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerate L.). Experimental plot were designed by a randomized block design with 3 replications of six different treatments-Control(0:0), 100% earthworm cast(0:100), 3 levels of mixed application(25:75:, 50:50, 75:25) of earthworm cast and N-fertilizer, and 100% N-fertilizer(100:0)based on content (%) of nitrogen. The experiment was carried out from March to October, 1993, on the forage experimental field of Kon-Kuk Univ. in Seoul. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Annual dry matter yield was significantly increased according to increasing of N-fertilizer 2. Dry matter yield for each treatment as cutting time was passing was decreased. However, dry matter yield was slightly increased at 75%, 50%, and 25% mixed application of earthworm cast at the third cutting time than the second cutting time(p<0.05). 3. concerning each treatment per cutting time, dry matter yield was higher at 100% N fertilizer than the other treatments at the first, second, and fourth cutting time except the third cutting time only(p<0.05). And according to decreasing of mixing ratio of N fertilizer, dry matter yield was decreased, too. 4. Dry matter yield of 100% earthworm cast was significantly higher than control at the fourth cutting time(p<0.05).

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1986

The rootability of hardwood cutting of mulberry (Morus alba L.) depending upon the kinds of cutting beds, soil of cutting beds, effect of growth regulator (Rootone-F), pretreatments of cutting scion, parts of branches were investigated, The results were as follows ; 1. Rootability was the highest in cutting after callus formed on sand bed, whereas null in the treatment of rice seedling hot bed. 2. Optimum cutting season was around March 26, showed 100% rootability in all treatments except wooden box filled with sand. 3. The order of rootability related with cutting part of branch was upper$^{\circ}C$), and cutting after formation of callus increased rootability, whereas cuttings left in open air for 5 days showed null rootability.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Clearcutting has been the dominant harvesting method in British Columbia (representing 95% of the total area harvested annually). However forest managers are increasingly recommending the use of alternative silvicultural systems and harvest methods, including various types of partial cutting, to meet ecological and social objectives. In this study we compared harvesting productivity and harvesting costs between treatments through detailed and shift level time studies in 300-350 year-old Interior Cedar-Hemlock stands in British Columbia, Canada. Recommendations for improving operational planning/layout and the implementation of clearcut and partial cutting silvicultural systems were made. Harvesting costs varied in the ground-based clearcut treatments from $10.95/$m^3$ - $15.96/$m^3$ and $16.09/$m^3$ - $16.93/$m^3$ in the group selection treatments. The ground-based group retention treatment had a cost of $13.39/$m^3$, while the cable clearcut had a cost of $15.70/$m^3$. An understanding of the traditional and alternative wood products that could be derived from the harvested timber was imperative to increasing the amount of merchantable volume and reducing the corresponding harvesting costs. Stand damage was greatest in the group selection treatments; however, mechanized felling showed an increase in stand damage over manual felling while grapple skidding showed a decrease in skidding damage compared to line skidding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.237-242
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of cutting frequency on dry matter yield and nutritive value between heading and headless varieties of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid in 1998. Treatments were var. TE hay grazer(heading type) and Jumbo(headless type) as main plot, and 1, 2, and 3 cutting times per a year as sub plot. Although plant height of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was no significant difference among treatments, headless type was very slightly higher than that of heading type, and both of variety decreased with 1, 2, and 3 cutting times in order. Also, dry matter yield of sorghum~sudangrass hybrid was no significant difference between heading and headless type. Dry matter yield of first cutting plot in heading type and in headless type was the higher than those of second and third cutting plot. Acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber of headless type were slightly higher than that of heading type. Acid detergent fiber of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was highest at first cutting plot in both varieties. Neutral detergent fiber of second cutting plot in heading type and first cutting plot in headless type were the highest respectively. In vitro dry matter digestibility of headless type was very slightly higher than that of heading type. And in vitro dry matter digestibility of second cutting plot was the highest in both varieties. In vitro digestible dry matter of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid was no significant difference among treatments. The results demonstrated that although there was not significant difference, cultivation of headless type and first cutting plot per a year were very good for nutritive value and DM yield of sorghumxsudangrass hybrid as summer forage crops in Korea. (Key words : Heading, Headless type, Cutting frequency, Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrid)

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.919-929
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of organic materials (Bordeaux, Loess-sulfur) and the removal of apical shoot against downy mildew disease on cucumber cultivated in greenhouse. Five kinds of Bordeaux were made by adjusting mixing ratio of lime and copper sulfate in order to elucidate the optimal combination. The 4-6type Bordeaux was selected as the most effective combination for controlling cucumber downy mildew. Loess-sulfur showed inhibitory activity against cucumber downey mildew, but it was less effective than Bordeaux. It was confirmed that apical shoot cutting could reduce the incidence of cucumber downy mildew disease by 56.3%. When apical shoots of susceptible cucumber variety were cut at different leaf stages, disease incidence by early apical shoot cutting treatment was lower than that of late apical shoot cutting treatment. However in a resistant variety, 'Heukryungsamcheok', disease incidences of all cucumber apical shoot cutting treatments were lower than that of non-cutting treatment, but there was no differences between apical shoot cutting treatments due to low disease incidences. In addition, when organic materials and apical shoot cutting treatment were carried out in parallel, the combined treatments of organic materials and apical shoot cutting showed low disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew compared to untreated control. The lowest disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew was recorded in the combined treatment of 4-6type Bordeaux and apical shoot cutting. This study confirmed that apical shoot cutting can reduce the disease incidence of cucumber downy mildew and the combined treatment of apical shoot cutting and organic materials showed higher suppressive effect against cucumber downy mildew.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 1995

In order to find out optimum seed production date according to different defoliation and flooding period of Italian ryegrass, this studies with Tetrone were canied out on the experimental field of Honam Crop Experiment Station from 1986 to 1988. Treatments included cutting date of Nov. 20 and Apr. 10 and flooding period of 5-25 days. In soil after experiment, organic matter, phosphate and silicate content increased, but potassium content decreased 0.16% than that before experiment. Heading and maturing date of Nov. 20 cutting were same with those of non cutting, those of Apr. 10 cutting lates 6 days to heading date and 2 days to maturing date. Plant height and culm length of Nov. 20 cutting were sirniller to those of non cutting, those of Apr. 10 cutting were shorter and panicle length have no difference between non cutting and cutting. Lodging of cutting treatment was reduced than that of non cutting. Lodgin was increased as flooding period was long, also loding of all treatment occured at 30 days after heading. Two cutting times of Nov. 20 and Apr. 10 have the most fresh yield, while non cutting have the most dry matter yield. Optimun seed productin date was considered to suitable when 35 days after heading (Jun. 14), at this time, seed production was 1,640 to 2,640 kg/ha. Also if flooding j u r y have, seed production was good between 10 days and 15 days after flooding.