• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2004

Ganoderma lucidum 균사체의 액체 배양을 통하여 균체 내 sphingolipid를 분리 정제하여 그 구조를 규명하였으며, 피부보습을 비롯한 각종의 기능성을 탐색하여 화장품 소재 및 새로운 생물 산업소재의 이용가능성을 검토한 결과 배양한 Ganoderma lucidum로부터 일련의 과정을 통하여 crude sphingolipids를 얻고, methanol침전, Dowex AG $50W-X8(H^+\;form)$ cation exchange chromatography 및 preparative thin layer chromatography를 행하여 sphingolipids를 분리하였다. 생산량은 0.4g/L였으며, 수율은 1%였다. UV/VIS spectrum, FT-IR 및 1H-NMR 분석을 행하여 구조를 해석한 결과 phytosphingosine 유도체로 판명되었다. 이 phytosphingosine 유도체의 피부에 대한 보습효과는 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 이상의 농도에서 약 20% 정도 skinmate 값이 증가하였으며, $100{\mu}/mL$ 이상의 농도에서 거칠기 감소에 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 Ganoderma lucidum이 생산하는 sphingolipids는 피부보습 및 거칠기 개선에 유의성이 확인되어 화장품 소재 및 새로운 생물 산업소재로서의 이용가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.420-429
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 식용 어류로부터 얻은 콜라겐을 효소 처리하여 글라이신-프롤린-하이드록시프롤린(Gly-Pro-Hyp, GPH)과 같은 트리펩타이드의 함량이 높은 콜라겐 가수분해물을 얻었고, 이 저분자 콜라겐 가수분해물(이하 콜라겐 트리펩타이드)의 피부 보습효과를 생체 외 실험(in vitro)과 생체 내 실험(in vivo)을 설계하여 증명하고자 하였다. 사람의 피부 섬유아세포 HDF 세포를 자외선 조사를 통해 인위적으로 손상된 세포를 만든 후, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 이를 회복시키는 정도를 몇 가지 보습인자의 활성과 발현량으로 확인하였다. Ceramide kinase의 효소활성은 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 농도에 의존적으로 증가하였고, hyaluronic acid의 농도 역시 유의적으로 증가하였다. 더불어 히알루론산을 합성하는 유전자인 HAS2의 mRNA와 단백질 발현량이 시료의 처리양에 비례하여 증가하였고, 히알루론산을 분해하는 효소인 HYAL1의 수준은 콜라겐 트리펩다이드의 농도에 의존적으로 감소하였다. 상기의 효과는 1형 콜라겐을 합성하는 Collagen 1A 유전자의 단백질 발현량과 피부염증과 종양발생 시 증가한다고 알려진 CD44의 발현량의 확인으로 증명되었다. 유기용매의 도포로 피부건조를 유도한 동물모델을 사용하여 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 피부에의 유효성을 평가하기 위해 경피수분손실량(TEWL)와 수분함유량을 직접적으로 측정한 바, 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 34 mg/kg bw의 고용량 처리군에서 가장 긍정적인 변화가 확인되었으나 17 mg/kg bw의 콜라겐 트리펩타이드 처리군에서도 수분함량에서 유의적인 변화가 관찰되었다. 이는 피부 건조로 유도된 가려움증에 대하여 동물이 자신의 몸을 긁는 행위를 계수한 결과와 같은 양상을 보였다. 또한 피부가 건조할 시 유도될 수 있는 염증인자인 $TNF-{\alpha}$와 IL-6의 단백질 발현량을 동물 피부 조직을 적출하여 확인하였고, 염색법을 통하여 피부 진피 내 탄력섬유의 변화를 가시적으로 제시하였다. 이 피부 조직에서의 Collagen 1A와 AQP3의 단백질 발현량 및 세라마이드 키나이제, HAS2, 그리고 HYAL1 효소활성 결과는 상기의 누적된 콜라겐 트리펩타이드의 보습 효과를 더불어 증명하여 주었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 연구의 저자는 콜라겐 트리펩타이드가 피부 보습에 효능을 갖는 소재로서 활용가치가 높음을 알 수 있었으며, 현재 시장에서 유통되고 있는 분자량 1000 Da 이상의 콜라겐 가수분해물보다도 저분자화 되며 트리펩타이드를 다량 함유하는 상기의 소재가 증명된 유효성과 증가된 체내 흡수도에 근거하여 보다 확장된 가능성을 보여줄 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.542-548
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• 2020

Naturally derived diosmetin and its glycoside diosmin are known to be effective in treating inflammatory disease. This study was performed to determine whether diosmin and diosmetin have the effect of improving atopic dermatitis in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) model. DNCB was used to establish AD model in hairless mice. Skin moisture, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and histological analysis were performed to measure the effectiveness of diosmin and diosmetine to improve AD. IL-4 levels were also measured in RBL-2H3 cells. Administration of diosmetin or diosmin orally inhibited the progress of DNCB-induced AD-like lesions in murine models by inhibiting transdermal water loss (TEWL) and increasing skin hydration. Diosmetin or diosmin treatment also reduced IgE and IL-4 levels in AD-induced hairless mouse serum samples. However, in the in vitro assay, only diosmetin, not diosmin, reduced the expression level of IL-4 mRNA in RBL-2H3 cells. Diosmin and diosmetine alleviated the altered epidermal thickness and immune cell infiltration in AD. Diosmin is considered effective in the cure of AD and skin inflammatory diseases by being converted into diosmetin in the body by pharmacokinetic metabolism. Thus, oral administration of diosmetin and diosmin might be a useful agent for the treatment of AD and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

Objectives : To investigate aggravating and mitigating factors of atopic dermatitis and to utilize the outcome in treatment planning. Methods : The research has a cross-sectional study design. Patients' SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index, demographic, physical characteristics, social history, serologic index and skin related instrumental measurements were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis method. Results : 48 patients in total were enrolled in the study. Skin Surface Hydration (SSH) and sex were found to be statistically significant aggravating and mitigating factors. As SSH increased, Total SCORAD (tSCORAD) and Objective SCORAD (oSCORAD) increased as well. As SSH decreased, tSCORAD and oSCORAD decreased as well. Female patient had a higher probability of suffering from severer subjective symptoms than that of male. Age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption and smoking, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ were found not to be statistically significant. There was no correlation between Subjective SCORAD (sSCORAD) and oSCORAD neither with Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Conclusions : Increasing cutaneous moisture should be included in the treatment plan of atopic dermatitis. More emphasis should be put on alleviating subjective discomforts of female patients than that of male. Establishing separate strategies of managing objective eczema status and subjective discomforts respectively should be considered.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 1999

Diaper dermatitis, or commonly called 'diaper rash', is among the most prevalent cutaneous disorders of infancy and early childhood and important issue in nursing. The term itself is not diagnostic since it encompasses a variety of acute inflammatory reactions which are best regarded as a family of disorders arising from a combination of factors specifically attributable to the use of diapers Intensive study of the rash Process has shown that skin wetness and fecal enzyme activity are damaging to skin and lead to the development of diaper rash. This suggests that it is important to keep urine away from babies' skin, so that the skin remains as dry as Possible and maintains its barrier function abilities. Controlling the urine will also minimize the mixing of urine and feces within the diaper. which helps prevent the increased activity of enzymes that attack the skin and cause irritation. Therefore, a diaper that keeps the skin drier and limits the mixing of urine and feces will help Prevent the conditions that lead to diaper rash. Since their introduction about 35 years ago, disposable baby diapers have undergone many design and performance changes. In Particular. the Performance of diapers was advanced by the introduction of absorbent gel materials (AGMs) to Provide advantages in skin care. dryness, and leakage Protection Especially, important was the introduction of AGM which increased the absorbent capacity of the diaper several fold and Yielded marked reductions in the degree of skin hydration occurring under the diaper Studies show not only drier skin but more stable skin pH and less dermatitis with AGM diapers than with home-laundered cloth diapers or single-use diapers without AGM Minimizing diaper area skin wetness is important for managing and Preventing diaper rash. To minimize wetness, parents should use super absorbent diapers.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.553-561
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• 2019

Rab25, a member of the Rab11 small GTPase family, is central to achieving cellular polarity in epithelial tissues. Rab25 is highly expressed in epithelial cells of various tissues including breast, vagina, cervix, the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Rab25 plays key roles in tumorigenesis, mainly by regulating epithelial differentiation and proliferation. However, its role in skin physiology is relatively unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Rab25 knock-out (KO) mice show a skin barrier dysfunction with high trans-epidermal water loss and low cutaneous hydration. To examine this observation, we investigated the histology and epidermal differentiation markers of the skin in Rab25 KO mice. Rab25 KO increased cell proliferation at the basal layer of epidermis, whereas the supra-basal layer remained unaffected. Ceramide, which is a critical lipid component for skin barrier function, was not altered by Rab25 KO in its distribution or amount, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Notably, levels of epidermal differentiation markers, including loricrin, involucrin, and keratins (5, 14, 1, and 10) increased prominently in Rab25 KO mice. In line with this, depletion of Rab25 with single hairpin RNA increased the expression of differentiation markers in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Transcriptomic analysis of the skin revealed increased expression of genes associated with skin development, epidermal development, and keratinocyte differentiation in Rab25 KO mice. Collectively, these results suggested that Rab25 is involved in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and proliferation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2019

In this study, we carried out extensive in vitro studies on various concentrations of tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride and their niosomal forms against Leishmania tropica. Niosomes were prepared by the hydration method and were evaluated for morphology, size, release study, and encapsulation efficiency. This study measured leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and amastigote, apoptosis and gene expression levels of free solution and niosomal-encapsulated tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride. Span/Tween 60 niosome had good physical stability and high encapsulation efficiency (more than 97%). The release profile of the entrapped compound showed that a gradual release rate. The combination of niosomal forms on promastigote and amastigote were more effective than glucantime. Also, the niosomal form of this compound was significantly less toxic than glucantime ($P{\leq}0.05$). The flowcytometric analysis on niosomal form of drugs showed that higher number of early apoptotic event as the principal mode of action (89.13% in $200{\mu}g/ml$). Also, the niosomal compound increased the expression level of IL-12 and metacaspase genes and decreased the expression level of the IL-10 gene, which further confirming the immunomodulatory role as the mechanism of action. We observed the synergistic effects of these 2 drugs that induced the apoptotic pathways and also up regulation of an immunomodulatory role against as the main mode of action. Also, niosomal form of this combination was safe and demonstrated strong anti-leishmaniasis effects highlights further therapeutic approaches against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in future planning.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.10-27
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• 2005

Objectives: To study the effectiveness of Sanpunggosamhwan(SGH) against Allergic Contact Dermatitis(ACD), the contact hypersensitivity assay, change of cutaneous shape, anti-allergic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, and the effect on skin barrier were observed. Methods: The 200g rats were divided into three groups of 15 rats. The first group is the Normal group which was applied Acetone olive oil only. The second group is the ACD group which has intentionally activated Allergic Contact Dermatitis by DNCB. The third group is the SGH group which was given medication of Sanpunggosamhwan extract after the induction of Allergic Contact Dermatitis by DNCB. Each group of rats was observed after 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: I. With the result of contact hypersensitivity assay, at 24hours SGH group showed appreciably less ear swelling than ACD group. 2. Regarding general change of skin, SGH group showed less hyperplasia of epidermis, less damage of epidermis than ACD group. 3. Regarding the number of WBC, ACD group showed significantly less than normal and SGH group at 72 hours. 4. Regarding the number of RBC in blood, ACD and SGH group showed significantly more RBC than normal group at 24, 48, 72 hours. 5. Regarding the ratio of neutrophil in WBC, ACD and SGH group showed significantly high percentage than normal group at 24, 48 hours. 6. Regarding the ratio of lymphocyte in WBC, ACD and SGH group showed significantly high percentage than normal group at 48 hours. 7. Regarding the erythema, SGH group showed significantly more erythema than normal and ACD group at 48 hours. 8. Regarding the melanin, SGH group showed significantly less melanin than normal group at 24 hours.9. Regarding the skin hydration, SGH group showed significantly high value than and ACD group at 72 hours. 10. Regarding the skin pH, ACD group showed significantly high value than normal and SGH group af 24 hours. 11. Regarding the number of Total IgE, ACD and SGH group showed more Total IgE than normal. g개up at 24 hours. 12. At Electro microscope-morphologic changes of skin, the damage of epithelium was decreased and regeneration power of skin was increased in the SGH group. Conclusions: The Sanpunggosamhwan extract administration was effective on the mitigation of skin damage in rats with allergic contact dermatitis.