• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968-2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the "athymic nude" strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, $0.80{\pm}0.60mL$ of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2011

Studies have been carried out in order to reduce fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI) behavior of metallic fuel in sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFR) using an electroplating technique. A $20{\mu}m$ thick Cr layer has been plated by the electrochemical method in the Sargent bath over the HT9 (12Cr-1Mo) clad material and diffusion couple tests of the U-10Zr metallic fuel as well as the rare earth alloy (70Ce-29La) have been conducted. The results show that the Cr plating can prevent FCCI behavior along the fuel-clad interface. However, cracks developed through the thickness during plating, which resulted in the migration of some fuel constituents. Variation of bath temperature, application of pulse current, and post heat treatment have been conducted to control such cracks. We found out that some conditions like the pulse current and the post heat treatment enhanced the layer property by reducing the internal cracks and improving the diffusion couple test.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.630-635
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Naeso-san in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in murine small intestine. First, we isolated ICCs from murine small intestine. After that, we cultured these cells for 1 days. The patch-clamp technique was applied on ICCs that formed network-like structures in culture (1 days). Spontaneous rhythms were routinely recorded from cultured ICCs under current-clamp conditions, and the ICCs within networks displayed more robust electrical rhythms (pacemaker potentials). To understand the relationship between Naeso-san and pacemaker activity in ICCs, we examined the effects of Naeso-san on pacemaker potentials of ICCs. In current clamp mode (I = 0), the addition of Naeso-san (10 mg/ml - 50 mg/ml) decreased the amplitude and frequency of the pacemaker potentials of ICCs in a dose dependent manner. However, these effects were blocked by intracellular $GDP{\beta}S$, a G-protein inhibitor, and glibenclamide, a specific ATP-sensitive K+ channels blocker. Pretreatment with SQ-22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, did not block the Naeso-san induced effects, whereas pretreatment with ODQ, a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, or L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase blocked the Naeso-san induced effects. Our findings provide insight into unraveling the modulation of Naeso-san in pacemaker potentials of ICCs and developing therapeutic agents against gastrointestinal motility disorders.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2019

We report development of a frequency-stabilized mid-infrared continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on a fan-out grating MgO:PPLN crystal pumped at 1064 nm. The OPO resonator was designed as a pump-enhanced standing-wave cavity that resonates to the pump and signal beams. To realize stable operation of the OPO, we applied a modified Pound-Drever-Hall technique, which is a well-known method for powerful laser frequency stabilization. Tuning a poling period of the fan-out grating of the crystal allows wavelength-tunable OPO outputs from 1510 nm to 1852 nm and from 2500 nm to 3600 nm for signal and idler beams, respectively. At the idler wavelengths of 2500 nm, 3000 nm and 3500 nm, we achieved more than 50 mW of output powers at a pumping power of 1.1 W. The long-term stability of the OPO was confirmed by recording the power and wavelength variations of the idler for an hour.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2014

접촉식 동작인식기반 사용자 인터페이스 기술(touch user interface)의 발전은 새로운 사용자 경험(UX)인 아이폰의 등장과 성공에 있다고 할 수 있다. 특히 애플 아이폰이 출시된 이후, 기존에 많이 쓰였던 전통적인 사용자 경험인 키보드와 마우스라는 큰 틀에서 벗어나게 된다. 현재는 4세대 기술인 비접촉식 동작인식 기반 사용자 인터페이스 기술이 접촉식 인터페이스 기술을 대체하는 방향으로 발전하고 있으며, 3세대에서 4세대로 이동한다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 비접촉식 인터액션 기술에 대한 선도기업을 중심으로 소개할 예정이며, 현재 선보이고 있는 최신 기술과 향후 선보일 기술에 대해 분석하고 비교해 본다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2013

Raman spectroscopy provides many advantages compared to other common analytical techniques due to its ability of rapid and accurate identification of unknown specimens as well as simple sample preparation. Here, we described potential of Raman spectroscopic technique as an efficient and high throughput method to detect plants infected by economically important viruses. To enhance the detection sensitivity of Raman measurement, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was employed. Spectra of extracts from healthy and Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) infected Chinese cabbage leaves were collected by mixing with gold (Au) nanoparticles. Our result showed that TYMV infected plants could be discriminated from non-infected healthy plants, suggesting the current method described here would be an alternative potential tool to screen virus-infection of plants in fields although it needs more studies to generalize the technique.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2005년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.6
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• pp.3-4
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• 2005

The Pseudo-MOSFET measurements technique has been used for the electrical characterization of the nano SOL Silicon islands for the Pseudo-MOS measurements were fabricated by selective etching of surface silicon film with dry or wet etching to examine the effects of the etching process on the device properties. The characteristics of the Pseudo-MOS was not changed greatly in the case of thick SOI film which was 205 nm. However the characteristics of the device was dependent on etching process in the case of less than 100 nm thick SOI film. The sub 100nm SOI was obtained by thinning the silicon film of standard thick SOI. The thickness of SOI film was varied from 88 nm to 44 nm by chemical etching. The etching process effects on the properties of pseudo-MOSFET characteristics, such as mobility, turn-on voltage, and drain current transient. The etching process dependency is greater in the thinner SOI and related to original SOI wafer quality.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제50권11호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2013

본 논문은 생체신호 측정을 위한 저전력/저면적 AFE(analog front-end)에 관한 것이다. 제안된 AFE는 계측증폭기(IA), 대역 통과 필터(BPF), 가변 이득 증폭기(VGA), SAR 타입 A/D 변환기로 구성된다. 전류 분할 기법을 이용한 작은 gm (LGM) 회로와 고 이득 증폭기로 구성된 Miller 커패시터 등가 기술을 이용하여, 외부 수동소자를 사용하지 않고 AC-coupling을 구현하였다. 응용에 따른 BPF의 고역 차단 주파수 변화는 전압 조절기(regulator)를 이용한 출력 전압 변화를 이용하여 $g_m$을 변화하여 구현 시켰다. 내장된 ADC는 커패시터 분할 기법을 적용한 이중 배열 커패시터 방식의 D/A변환기와 비동기 제어 방식을 이용하여 저 전력과 저 면적으로 구현하였다. 일반 CMOS 0.18um 공정을 이용하여 칩으로 제작하였고, 전체 칩 면적은 PAD등을 모두 포함하여 $650um{\times}350 um$이다. 제안된 AFE의 전류 소모는 1.8V에서 6.3uA이다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.102-105
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• 2016

This study explored the feasibility of using a carburization technique to enhance the ion intensity of isotopic analysis of ultra-trace levels of uranium using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Prior to fixing uranium samples on TIMS filaments, graphite powder suspended in nitric acid was deposited on rhenium filaments. We observed an enhancement of $^{238}U^+$ intensity by a factor of two when carburization was used, and were able to roughly optimize the amount of graphite powder necessary for carburization. The positive shift in heating current when evaporating filaments upon carburization implies that uranium was chemically altered by carburization, when compared to normal fixation processes. The good agreement between our method and known standards down to an ultra-trace level shows that the proposed technique can be applied to isotopic uranium analysis down to abundances of ~10 pg.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.477-483
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• 2010

This paper is studied on a novel buck-boost isolated converter for high efficiency and high power factor. The switching devices in the proposed converter are operated by soft switching technique using a new quasi-resonant circuit, and are driven with discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) according to pulse width modulation (PWM). The quasi-resonant circuit makes use of a step up-down inductor and a loss-less snubber capacitor. The proposed converter with DCM also simplifies the requirement of control circuit and reduces a number of control components. The input ac current waveform in the proposed converter becomes a quasi sinusoidal waveform in proportion to the magnitude of input ac voltage under constant switching frequency. As a result, it is obtained by the proposed converter that the switching power losses are low, the efficiency of the converter is high, and the input power factor is nearly unity. The validity of analytical results is confirmed by some simulation results on computer and experimental results.