• 보건행정학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.49-65
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• 2008

The single-item question of self-assessed health status has consistently been reported to be associated with mortality in some developed countries, even after controlling for a wide range of health measurements and known risk factors for. mortality. It was intended in this study to find out whether or not such a relationship would also be valid in Korea. This study examined the effect of point of reference year on. the, predictive validity of self-assessed health for mortality in 6-year follow-up period. we need to test the validity of the self-assessed health, as an indicator for assessing health status using Cox's proportional hazard model. For the analysis, we used the data from the 2nd (1999) to the 7th survey of "Korean Labor and Income Panel Study," and assessed relative risk of death based on subjective health state by tracing 11,366 people who replied to the question of self-assessed health state in the 2nd year. According to the result, those who reported poor self assessed health state in the 2nd year showed a relatively high death rate, and their relative risk of death was significantly higher. Such a relationship was accentuated if the predictive value of the 2nd survey result would be replaced by the average of the cumulative data on the past six years. Thus, it can be concluded that self-assessed health state is valid as an index for assessing Korean people's health status.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: The disease resistant (OsCK1) rice was generated by inserting choline kinase (CK1) and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) genes isolated from Oryza sativa and Streptomyces hygroscopicus into the genome of the rice, Nakdongbyeo. With the potential problems of safeties, the evaluations on non-target organisms are essentially required for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. In the present study, we conducted the evaluation of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna that commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies for non-target organism evaluation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effect of acute toxicity to Daphnia magna by each concentration were investigated in the disease resistant (OsCK1) rice and non-genetically modified (non-GM) rice, Nakdongbyeo, as concentration (0, 1,000, 1,800, 3,240, 5,830, 10,500 and 20,000 mg/L). The OsCK1 rice used for the test was confirmed to express the OsCK1/PAT gene by the PCR(Polymerase chain reaction) and western blot analysis. Feeding test showed that no significant differences in cumulative immobility and abnormal response of Daphnia magna fed on OsCK1 rice or non-GM rice. The 48hr-$EC_{50}$ values showed no difference between OsCK1 rice (3,147.18 mg/L) and non-GM rice (3,596.27 mg/L). CONCLUSION: This result suggested that there was no significant difference in toxicity to Daphnia magna between OsCK1 rice and non-GM counterpart.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2000

The therapeutic effect of AS2-006A, a derivative of asiaticoside, has been studied and is being developed as a new wound-healing agent. In the present study, the general pharmacological effects on 1) central nervous system, 2) autonomic nervous system, 3) respiratory system, 4) gastrointestinal system. 5) cardiovascular system. and 6) urinary system were assessed in experimental animals and in in vitro models. 1. In vivo animal study: External applications of the 1 % gel ointment of AS2-006A to rats at the doses of 200. 600 or 2000 mg/kg body weight showed no observable pharmacological effects. The effects on the central nervous system were assessed by observation of behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, pentetrazole-induced convulsion assay, body temperature measurements, and observations on spontaneous activity and catalepsy. The gel ointment exhibited no effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e. blood pressure and heart rate), renal physiology (i.e. urine volume and electrolytes excretion) and gas-trointestinal physiology (i.e. intestinal charcoal propulsion and gastric mucosal irritation). 2. In vitro experiments: The effects of AS2-006A on the physiology of smooth and cardiac muscles were assessed. Muscle contractions were isotonically and isometrically measured in organ chambers using a physiograph. Cumulative additions of AS2-006A (10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-5}$ M) induced no changes in the tension of isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal muscles. AS2-006A only slightly increased contractility of rat atrial and papillary muscles at 10$^{-2}$ M, which was not statistically different from control. These data showed that the gel ointment of AS2-006A could be externally applied as a wound-healing agent with no potential side effects.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2008

This study assessed the incidence of embryo and fetal loss following early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography in dairy cows. A positive pregnancy was a recognition of the vesicle, embryo or fetus by ultrasonography. Seven hundreds and two pregnancies determined by ultrasonography following artificial insemination were divided into three groups according to the number of days diagnosed pregnant: early A group (27 to 40 days, n = 143), early B group (41 to 50 days, n = 172), or standard group (51 to 70 days, n = 387). Following a positive pregnancy diagnosis, embryo or fetal loss included all cows with observed abortions and cows found open after the positive pregnancy diagnosis. The incidence rate of embryo or fetal loss within 7 days after pregnancy diagnosis was 1.4, 0.6 and 0.3% for the early A, early B, and standard groups, respectively (P>0.05). The incidence of the embryo or fetal loss during 8 to 30 days after pregnancy diagnosis did not differ (P>0.05) among the early A (0%), early B (1.2%), and standard groups (1.0%). Furthermore, the cumulative incidence of the embryo or fetal loss before calving did not differ (P>0.05) among the early A (9.8%), early B (9.3%), and standard groups (5.9%). These results indicate that early pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasonography does not increase the risk of embryo and fetal loss compared with that of routine pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cows.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.194-203
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• 2018

Background: Bone fractures are high in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hyperglycemia and chronic kidney disease may increase the risk of fracture prevalence via altered bone metabolism, but whether glycemic control and kidney function are associated with the risk of fracture prevalence remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between glycemic control and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and risk of fracture prevalence in older and middle-aged patients with T2DM. Methods: Patients who underwent a general medical check-up between 2009 and 2013 were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Sharing Service records. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between glycemic control and eGFR and risk of fracture prevalence. Results: Cumulative fracture prevalence were higher in patients with T2DM, irrespective of whether they had tight or less stringent glycemic control (fasting blood glucose [FBG] ${\geq}110mg/dL$). After adjustment for baseline age and FBG, tight and less stringent glycemic control was significantly associated with increased adjusted risk of fracture prevalence in middle-aged patients with T2DM (OR=1.13, 95% CI, 1.05-1.21, p=0.0005 vs OR=1.13, 95% CI, 1.06-1.20, p=0.0001), but not in older patients. Baseline eGFR was not significantly related to fracture prevalence in either older or middle-aged patients. Conclusion: Less stringent glycemic control significantly increased the adjusted risk of fracture prevalence in middle-aged patients with T2DM. Further studies are needed to confirm the effect of tight glycemic control on fracture prevalence.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the safety under extreme environmental conditions and the dynamic safety under service environment conditions, of oceanographic buoy mooring systems consisting of a variety of materials, including chain, wire rope, nylon rope, and polypropylene rope. For the static safety assessment of a mooring system, after the calculation of external forces and the division of a mooring system into finite elements, the numerical integral was conducted to yield the elemental static tension until satisfying the geometrical convergence condition. To evaluate the dynamic safety, various processes were considered, including data collection about the anticipated areas for mooring, a determination of the parameters for the interpretation, the interpretation of the dynamic characteristics based on an analytic equation that takes into account the heave motion effect of a buoy hull and a mooring system, and a fatigue analysis of the linear cumulative damage. Based on the analysis results, a supplementary proposal for a wire rope that has a fracture in an actual mooring area was established.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.428-436
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• 2013

Attrition characteristics of $CO_2$ absorbents for pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture were investigated to check attrition loss of those absorbents and to determine solid circulation direction and the better $CO_2$ absorbent. The cumulative attrition losses of two absorbents increased with increasing time. However, attrition loss under a humidified condition was lower than that under a non-humidified condition case. Between two absorbents, attrition loss of PKM1-SU absorbent was higher than that of P4-600 absorbent. The average particle sizes of the attrited particles were less than $2.5{\mu}m$ for two absorbents under a non-humidified condition case, and therefore, we could conclude that the main mechanism of attrition for two absorbents is not fragmentation but abrasion. Based on the results from the test for the effect of humidity on the attrition loss, we selected solid circulation direction from SEWGS reactor to regeneration reactor because the SEWGS reactor contains more water vapor than regeneration reactor. Attrition loss and make-up rate of two absorbents were compared based on the results from $CO_2$ sorption capacity tests and attrition tests. Required make-up rate of P4-600 absorbent was lower than that of PKM1-SU absorbent. However, more detail investigation on the optimum regeneration temperature, manufacturing cost, solid circulation rate, regeneration rate, and long-term sorption capacity should be considered to select the best $CO_2$ absorbent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3183-3188
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• 2015

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of skin lesions, which is a health effect of chronic arsenic (As) exposure, and determine the hair/blood arsenic concentrations of people living in Kutahya villages who are using and drinking tap water with a high concentration of arsenic. Materials and Methods: A total of 303 people were included in the present cross-sectional study. A prepared questionnaire form was used to collect the participants' information and environmental history. Skin examination was performed on all participants. Hair, blood and water samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The cumulative arsenic index (CAI) was calculated for all participants. Results: Villages were divided into two groups according to the arsenic level (<$20{\mu}g/L$, Group I; >$20{\mu}g/L$, Group II) in their water. The prevalence of skin lesions, hair and blood arsenic level, and CAI were found to be higher in the Group II participants. There was a positive association between body arsenic levels and CAI in the participants of each group. Conclusions: The number of skin lesions and arsenic concentrations in body samples were found to increase with the water arsenic level and exposure time. We hope that sharing this study's results with local administrators will help accelerate the rehabilitation of water sources in Kutahya.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

Objective : To investigate documented surveys about adverse events of acupuncture therapy. Methods: We searched Medline with the terms of 'acupuncture/adverse event(s)', 'acupuncture/side effect(s)' and 'CAM/adverse event(s)' using Pubmed and set the limits to human study. Results: There were 5 prospective studies, 3 reviews and 3 surveys in our searching. There were 3 reports about acupuncture related adverse events in UK ranging from 10.7% to 15% of which the rate of significant events were from 0.13% to 0.14%. In Germany, there were 11% of acupuncture related adverse events in one report and 7.5%(significant events were 45 in 190,924 patients) in another report. In Australia, one study reported that every adverse event associated with acupuncture occurred in 8-9 month per one practitioner. In Japan, 0.14% of acupuncture related adverse events in 48 practitioners were reported in one systemic review. A cumulative review about significant adverse events associated with acupuncture reported 715 adverse events of which most frequent accidents were pneumothorax and central nervous system injury. Conclusion : The risk of adverse event associated with acupuncture is far lower than that associated with other general medical interventions. However, some safety guidelines about the acupuncture performance are needed.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.594-598
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• 2012

고분자 전해질막 연료전지는 연료극의 연료와 공기극의 공기에 각각 $H_2S$와 $SO_2$이 포함되어 있을 때 그 성능이 심각하게 감소한다. 본 연구는 고분자전해질막 연료전지의 공기극과 연료극에 1 ppm에서 10 ppm의 불순물 가스를 공급하여 전기적 성능측정을 통해 복합적인 황불순물이 단위전지에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 최적의 운전조건에서 불순물가스를 피독하였을 때 $SO_2$와 $H_2S$의 농도가 증가할수록 성능이 급격히 감소하였다(단위전지 온도 $65^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 100%). 그리고 황의 흡착은 MEA의 백금 촉매층 표면서 일어나며, 불순물 가스가 MEA에 누적되는 것을 확인하였다. 1, 3, 5, 및 10 ppm 4회의 연속적인 피독 후 연료전지의 성능이 0.71 V에서 0.54 V(76 %)로 감소하였다.