This study investigates the mode identifiability of a multi-span cable-stayed bridge in terms of a benchmark study using stabilization diagrams of a system model identified using stochastic subspace identification (SSI). Cumulative contribution ratios (CCRs) estimated from singular values of system models under different wind conditions were also considered. Observations revealed that wind speed might influence the mode identifiability of a specific mode of a cable-stayed bridge. Moreover the cumulative contribution ratio showed that the time histories monitored during strong winds, such as those of a typhoon, can be modeled with less system order than under weak winds. The blind data Acc 1 and Acc 2 were categorized as data obtained under a typhoon. Blind data Acc 3 and Acc 4 were categorized as data obtained under wind conditions of critical wind speeds around 7.5 m/s. Finally, blind data Acc 5 and Acc 6 were categorized as data measured under weak wind conditions.
Younjhin Ahn;Lee, Ji-Eun;Paik, Hee-Young;Lee, Hong-Kyu;Inho Jo;Kim, Kuchan m
Nutritional Sciences
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v.6
no.3
/
pp.173-184
/
2003
Objective : This study was carried out to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) for estimating average dietary intake to determine the risk factor for lifestyle-related diseases in a conjoint cohort study. Design : We developed an SQFFQ for genomic epidemiological studies based on the data in the'98 Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A subset of data on informative food items was collected using the 24-hr recall method with 2,714 adults aged 40 or older living in middle-sized cities or in rural areas in Korea. The cumulative percent contribution and cumulative multiple regression coefficients of 17 nutrients (energy, fat, carbohydrate, protein, fiber, iron, potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, retinol, $\beta$-carotene, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin and vitamin C) of each food were computed. Results : Two hundred and forty-nine foods, which were selected based on their 0.9 cumulative percent contribution, and 254 foods, which were selected based on their 0.9 cumulative multiple regression coefficients, respectively, were grouped into 97 food groups according to their nutrient contents. Several popular Korean foods, which were missing from the list due to the seasonality of the survey, were included. The portion sizes were derived from the same data set. The SQFFQ covered 84.8 percent of the intake of 17 nutrients in the one day diet record data of our 326 cohort study subjects. Conclusions . The final list included 103 food items. The foods list in the SQFFQ described herein accounted for 84.8 percent of the average intake of 17 nutrients. Therefore, the list could be used for the assessment of the baseline dietary intakes of the conjoint cohort studies.
Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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1995.05a
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pp.893-898
/
1995
The cumulative deposition of Pu-238 and Pu-239,240 by the end of 1994 in undisturbed for the last 40 years, was determined at 9 sites in Korea. The cumulative deposition of Pu-238 and Pu-239 ranged from 0.76 to 3.77 and from 18.42 to 101.84 $Bqm^{-2}$, respectively. The mean values of the cumulative deposition of Pu-238 and Pu-239,240 were 2.16 and 54.75 $Bqm^{-2}$, respectively. These values are close to the value of worldwide fallout. No significant contribution to the cumulative deposition of Pu-238 and Pu-239,240 originating from the Chernobyl accident was found at my site.
Park, Jinhwan;Moon, Myungjin;Lee, Hyungjin;Kim, Kapsoon
Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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v.30
no.2
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pp.119-127
/
2014
The objective of this study is to evaluate and analyze Sumjin River Basin water environment system. It was necessary to improve the water quality. The data were collected from 2010 January to 2012 December including Water Temperature, pH, DO, EC, $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P. The data were used to study were required to; Correlation Analysis; Principle Component Analysis; Factor Analysis. The results were as followed. According to correlation analysis on $BOD_5$ against COD, TOC it revealed that the each value of correlation coefficient were 0.715 and 0.719; this means the strength of the relationship is strong. The same analysis on T-P against $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS has revealed that the range of the correlation coefficient value fell between 0.482 and 0.608 which means strength of the relationship between them remained normal. Through correlation analysis, it has been found that all elements except T-N have high correlation. The results of principal component analysis to target the overall water quality was extracted to three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 68.990%. In the case of seasonal water quality, Spring and Summer are extracted to each of four main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 81.515% and 73.550% respectively. Fall and Winter are extracted to each of three main components. The cumulative contribution rate is 65.072% and 72.721% respectively. There is no seasonality in the case of factor analysis. The first common factor is $BOD_5$, COD, TOC, SS, T-P, which were classified. Totally speaking, Sumjin River Basin water system gets highly affected by the nutrient salts, organic matter and suspended solid at the same time.
Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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v.24
no.6
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pp.81-90
/
2023
Climate change has resulted in increased frequency and intensity of heat waves, which poses a significant threat to the health and safety of construction workers, particularly those engaged in labor-intensive and heat-stress vulnerable working environments. To address this challenge, this study aimed to propose an interpretable machine learning approach for forecasting personal heat strain by considering the cumulative effect of heat exposure as a situational variable, which has not been taken into account in the existing approach. As a result, the proposed model, which incorporated the cumulative working time along with environmental and personal variables, was found to have superior forecast performance and explanatory power. Specifically, the proposed Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.034 (℃) and an R-squared of 99.3% (0.933). Feature importance analysis revealed that the cumulative working time, as a situational variable, had the most significant impact on personal heat strain. These findings highlight the importance of systematic management of personal heat strain at construction sites by comprehensively considering the cumulative working time as a situational variable as well as environmental and personal variables. This study provided a valuable contribution to the construction industry by offering a reliable and accurate heat strain forecasting model, enhancing the health and safety of construction workers.
Grain filling is a crucial factor that determines grain yield in crops since it is the final process directly associated with crops' yield performance. Grain filling process can be characterized by the interaction of rate and duration of grain filling. This study was conducted, using 16 temperate japonica rice genotypes, with aims to (1) seek variations in grain filling duration and rate on area basis, (2) compare the contribution of grain filling duration and rate to grain yield, and (3) examine the influence of temperature and solar radiation for effective grain filling on grain yield in relation to grain filling duration and rate. Grain filling rate and duration exhibited highly significant variations in the ranges of $20.7{\sim}46.3\;g\;m^{-2}d^{-1}\;and\;11.2{\sim}35.5$ days, respectively, depending on rice genotypes. Grain yield on unit area basis was associated positively with grain filling duration but negatively with grain filling rate. Grain filling rate and duration were negatively correlated with each other. Final grain weight increased linearly with the rise in both cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling. Higher cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling were the results of longer grain filling duration, but not necessarily higher daily mean temperature and daily solar radiation for effective grain filling. Grain filling rate demonstrated an increasing tendency with the rise in daily mean temperature for effective grain filling but their relationship was not obviously clear. It was concluded that grain filling duration, which influenced cumulative mean temperature and cumulative solar radiation for effective grain filling, was the main factor that determined grain yield on unit area basis in temperate Japonica rice.
Contributions of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variance in 13 nutrients were examined to develop a short food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the Korean elderly using dietary data collected by a semiquantitative FFQ with 96 food items. The contributions of specific foods to 90% absolute nutrient intake were measured by assessing their percentage to the total consumption of a nutrient by our samples(n=98). To assess the contribution of the foods to the between-person variance in intake of each specific nutrient, stepwise multiple regression was performed. Cumulative R2 served as the measure of contribution to variation in intake. The most important food source of absolute intake was rice for energy and protein. Important foods of between person variance contribution include bread for energy and pork for protein. Important foods of absolute and variance contribution of nutrient intake were similar for fat(noodles including jajangmyun and kalguksu), calcium(anchovy and milk) and vitamin A (carrot). The number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among older people in Korea differ considerably by nutrient: 18 - 43 and 8-26 foods were accounted for the respective 90 and 80% of absolute intake depending on nutrients. Carbohydrates and vitamin A and C had relatively a few major sources, thus may be assessed well by a small number of foods. Conversely, iron, potassium and B vitamins appear to need longer lists of foods. Fewer numbeer (6 - 12 and 4 - 9) of foods were required for the corresponding percentages of between-person variation for all nutrients. Depending on nutrients, 0.980-0.995 and 0.924-0.987 were respective correlation coefficients of nutrient intakes measured by 96 food items with those by lists of foods for 90% and 80% of absolute intake contribution. These findings suggest that an incomplete food list on the basis of its contribution to absolute and between person variation intakes may still be effective in discriminating among individuals. The results of this study may be useful in the design and use of dietary questionnaire.
To investigate main air temperature factors correlated to difference of fruit characteristics according to cultivating areas, fruit and air temperature characteristics of eight cultivating areas of 'Fuyu' persimmon were analyzed by principle components and multiple regression analysis. The first principal components extracted from 16 air temperature factors was annual mean temperature, mean temperature during October, annual mean minimum extreme temperature, mean temperature during growing period, and so forth. The second principal components was mean temperature during May and June and so forth. And cumulative contribution was 91.4%. The five of eight cultivating area had clearly the difference of main factors or the correlated direction among cultivating areas. In multiple regression analysis between the extracted main factors and fruit characteristics, fruit hight were highly correlated with mean temperature during growing period ($X_8$) and cumulative temperature ($X_6$), and the regression equation was $Y=150.55-5.375X_8+ 0.014X_6(r^2=0.843)$. Also this regression equation was affected by mean minimum temperature during growing period, cumulative temperature, and mean temperature during August. Fruit diameter was negatively correlated with mean temperature during growing period, flesh browning rate and Hunter a value of peel color were positively correlated with mean minimum temperature during growing period and annual minimum air temperature, respectively.
Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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v.41
no.3
/
pp.287-295
/
2015
Due to the latest agreement between the military authorities of the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US) of America, Korea's annual contribution to the budget of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) rose as high as close to 1 trillion won. This seemingly prohibitive amount has led to the questioning of military critics regarding determination criteria, wholesomeness of cost, alignment of incentives, and implementational transparency, etc. As these sources of mistrust can potentially undermine the congruence of alliance, we attempt to devise a scientific means to test the validity of Korea's budget contribution. Specifically, we use the real options approach (ROA) to estimating the interval of the fair prices of maintaining the USFK. We consider the USFK as an insurance against foreign incursions, and this enables us to assume their role as a put option. Upon a hypothetical war breakout, the daily cumulative size of the Korean economy is estimated by implementing the simulated loss ratios of assets and population. As a result, the strategic value (put premium) of the USFK is exponentially higher the sooner the US forces are augmented following an intrusion. Also, Korea's payments toward the USFK in 2011 and 2012 appear theoretically fairly valued.
The purpose of the present study was aimed to identify dish items applicable in developing dish?based food frequency questionnaire (DFFQ) for a hypertension study of Koreans. The 24-hour recall data of 4,401 subjects aged $20{\sim}65$ years from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used for the analysis. Logistic regression model was used to identify the nutrient related with hypertension. Energy, fiber, sodium, calcium, carotene, vitamin B1 and vitamin C were associated with hypertension. Selection the top 30 dish items for these seven nutrients was performed based on their degree of contribution in supplying nutrients in terms of the cumulative percent contribution (cPC), as well as on their degree of explanation for between?person variation, in terms of the cumulative regression coefficient (cMRC). Rice supplied 43% of total energy consumption. Korean cabbage and radish kimchi were two major sources of sodium and it also covered the 27% of between person variation of sodium intake. Soybean paste soup and single item of orange?colored fruits supplied 43% of total vitamin C intake for Koreans and it covered the almost 79% of between person variation among the Korean population. Korean cabbage kimchi was the major source of fiber, calcium, sodium, carotene, and vitamin C for Koreans. In summary, the top 30 selected dish items supplying the 78% to 89% of the 7 nutrients. Those items also covered the 79% to 94% of between person variation of the 7 nutrients consumption. Therefore, the selected 30 dish items in each categories of nutrient could be applicable in developing dish based food frequency questionnaire for hypertension study.
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