• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 Proceedings of the Korea Automatic Control Conference, 11th (KACC); Pohang, Korea; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.107-110
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• 1996

Continuing advances in the formulation and solution of risk-sensitive control problems have reached a point at which this topic is becoming one of the more intriguing modern paradigms of feedback thought. Despite a prevailing atmosphere of close scrutiny of theoretical studies, the risk-sensitive body of knowledge is growing. Moreover, from the point of view of applications, the detailed properties of risk-sensitive design are only now beginning to be worked out. Accordingly, the time seems to be right for a survey of the historical underpinnings of the subject. This paper addresses the beginnings and the evolution, over the first quarter-century or so, and points out the close relationship of the topic with the notion of optimal cost cumulates, in particular the cost variance. It is to be expected that, in due course, some duality will appear between these notions and those in estimation and filtering. The purpose of this document is to help to lay a framework for that eventuality.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.460-463
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• 2008

This study tries to apply standard cost accounting model to evaluate the cost of workflow instances. Previous studies mainly focus on matching workflow activities into the elements of Activity based costing in order to assign cost drivers, but rarely examine how to evaluate their instance cost. In this study, we estimate unrealized standard cost from workflow model, and realized cost from accomplished instances. On running, workflow engine cumulates cost of finished activities and it enables to monitor the difference between the target cost and the actual cost dynamically at each step of workflow processes. We implemented a prototype which shows that the proposed work can evaluate effectively the cost of various workflow patterns.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

제주도 알칼리 현무암내에 다양하게 산출되는 단사휘석에 대한 지화학, 조직, 산출상태에 의해 세 종류로 구별되어진다. Ⅰ형의 단사휘석은 상부맨틀을 구성하고 있는 첨정석 페리도타이트의 구성광물로 크롬이 풍부한 투휘석이다. Ⅱ형은 세립의 단사휘석집합체(단사휘석이 거의 85∼90%)로 산출되는 휘석암의 구성광물로서, 모암인 현무암질 마그마의 형성 이전에 상부맨틀에서 형성된 암맥이거나 변성기원의 맨틀물질의 일부가 포획되어진 것으로 Ti함량이 비교적 적은 편이며, Ca, Mg성분이 높은 augite이다. Ⅲ형은 모암인 현무암에서 형성된 큐뮬레이트의 일부이거나 조립의 반정으로 산출되는 휘석이다. 산출상태의 차이에 의해 Ⅲ형은 거정(>1 cm)의 단결정으로 산출되는 단사휘석(Ⅲa), 거정의 사장석 내에 조립의 사방휘석과 함께 오피틱(ophitic)조직을 형성하며 산출되는 단사휘석(Ⅲb), 반정(<1 cm)으로 산출되는 단사휘석(Ⅲc)으로 다시 구분되어진다. Ⅰ형의 단사휘석은 높은 Mg#와 Si, 가장 낮은 Ti 성분을, Ⅱ형은 Ⅰ형과 Ⅲ형의 중간조성을 보이며, 반면에 Ⅲ형의 높은 Ti성분, 낮은 Si와 Mg#를 나타내고 있다. 이는 Ⅰ형에서 Ⅲ형으로 갈수록(Ti+Al/sup Ⅵ/)/Si과 Al/sup Ⅵ//Al/sup Ⅵ/의 비율이 높아진 것으로, 이 세 종류의 단사휘석은 모두 높은 압력환경 하에서 형성되었으며, Ⅰ형이 가장 높은 압력에서 형성되었고, Ⅲ형이 상대적으로 가장 낮은 압력에서 형성되었음을 의미한다. 모암인 현무암이 고압의 환경에서 분별결정작용을 통해 단사휘석(Ⅲ형)을 정출함으로 SiO₂의 결핍과 상대적인 알칼리성분의 부화를 가져오게 되어 알칼리 현무암의 화학조성을 보이는 특성에 기여한 것으로 해석된다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.317-328
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• 2020

The board of directors play an important role in corporate climate strategy-making and decisions but might also compromise environmental policies to minimize agency cost. This study critically investigates the relationship between the attributes of the board of directors and the degree of sustainability performance for the energy sector as discussed in the literature. Our study cumulates existing knowledge offering important characteristics for a balanced board structure to increase the board's effectiveness in adopting sustainable initiatives that could reduce the adverse impact of an energy corporation's operation on the environment. Crucial attributes of the board of directors deemed to be positively associated with the commitment to reduce carbon footprint in the environment have been identified. Based on our extensive analysis of the literature we propose a conceptual framework that measures the influence of the board of directors' attributes on corporate environmental and social sustainability performance. The proposed framework will be useful as an initial step for top management and regulators to gain a better understanding of the balanced board structure required to achieve the social and environmental sustainability performance of corporations. Further, this paper contributes to a body of knowledge about how the board of directors could play a crucial role in monitoring social and environmental threats.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystallization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the valley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in the dyeing of levelling dyes. In nylon fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in the dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Acid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. In wool fabrics, the salt samples had little color difference in dyeing with C.I. Acid Yellow 23 and C.I. Arid Blue 158. All salt samples' gray scale was 5 grade. Generally, the dyeing of levelling dyes using recovered salts from farm drainage had little color difference than the dyeing of levelling dyes using commercial sodium sulfate.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2001

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value -added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystalization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the alley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in direct dyeing of cotton fabrics. The salt samples recovered from Mendata, California (〉98.8% sodium sulfate) cause little color difference in the dyeing with selected direct dyes, and the purified salt (Ⅲ) (99.91% sodium sulfate) is more applicable for direct dyeing of cotton fabrics if it has no other toxic effects. The recovered sodium sulfate from certain areas in the valley could not be employed in direct dyeing due to the high level of impurities in it.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.86-93
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• 2001

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. in searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The result indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced the salt and could be purified by a recrystalization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the valley. Re recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purifies ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compard with commercially available sodium sulfate in directive dyeing of cotton fabrics. Direct Yellow 27 and direct Blue 1 had similar exhaustions among Na₂So₄Ⅰ, Na₂So₄Ⅱ, Na₂So₄Ⅲ and V which had similar ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride in recovered salts. Na₂So₄Ⅳ had high exhaustion despite low ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. In direct Red 80, exhaustion depends more on the ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride than sodium chloride. Na₂SO₄Ⅳ and Na₂SO₄V with high ratios of sodium chloride had more exhaustion than Na₂So₄and Na₂So₄Ⅲ with low ratios of sodium chloride. Generally, directive dyeing using recovered salts from farm drainage has similar or more excellent exhaustion than directive dyeing using commercial sodium sulfate.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2014

건설공사에서 사전 환경조사는 시공 전 현장 조사 서비스뿐만 아니라, 계획 및 설계에서도 매우 중요한 요소이다. USN과 결합된 지형공간정보의 적용은 사전에 건설 현장의 진행 단계마다 조사 및 연구에 매우 경제적인 방법이기 때문에 건설 환경 계획 및 기본 설계의 건설을 위하여 매우 중요한 역할을 수행하여 불필요한 시행착오를 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 공간위치를 기반으로 환경 센서와 무선통신 기술을 융합하여 건설현장을 디지털 공간정보 환경으로 전환하고, 현장에 설치된 무선의 소형 환경 센서를 이용하여 각 유비쿼터스 센서에서 측정된 환경 데이터를 싱크 센서가 데이터 수집 처리하고 초소형 Tiny OS 기반의 PC 출력 이미지를 전송하는 방식으로 현재 진행되고 있는 건설 현장의 여러 환경정보를 3차원 지형공간에서 실시간으로 그 환경변화를 모니터링 할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2007

Stroke patients need regular medical treatments and rehabilitation training from their doctors. However, severe aftereffects caused by stroke allow them minimum activities, which make it difficult for them to visit doctor. Recently, electric brain stimulation treatment has been found to be better way compared to conventional ones and many are interested in using this method for the treatment of stroke. In this study, we have developed a remote medical treatment system using wireless electric brain stimulator that can help the stroke patients to get a treatment without visiting their doctors. The developed remote medical treatment system connects the doctors to the brain stimulator implanted in the patients via the internet and ZigBee communication built in the brain stimulator. Also, the system receives personal information of the connected patients and cumulates the total records of electric stimulation therapy in a database. Doctors can easily access the information for better treatment planning with the help of graphical visualization tools and management software. The developed remote medical treatment system can be applied to the electric stimulation treatments for other brain diseases with a minor change.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2003

Agricultural drainage salt generated during irrigation of crops in San Joaquin Valley, California, exceeds 600,000 tons annually and cumulates in the field in a rapid rate. As a result, the waste is taking out more farmlands for salt storage and disposal, imposing serious concerns to environment and local agricultural industry. In searching for a potential solution to reduce or eliminate the waste, this research explored feasibility of producing a value-added product, sodium sulfate, from the waste and utilizing the product in textile dyeing. The results indicated that sodium sulfate could be produced from the salt and could be purified by a recrystalization method in a temperature range within the highest and lowest daily temperatures in summer in the valley. The recovered sodium sulfate samples, with purities ranging from 67% to 99.91, were compared with commercially available sodium sulfate in the dyeing of levelling dyes with nylon/wool fabrics. In nylon/wool fabrics, C.I. Acid Yellow 23 had similar exhaustions among Na₂SO₄ I, Na₂SO₄ II, Na₂SO₄ III and Na₂SO₄ Ⅴ which had similar ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride in recovered salts. Na₂SO₄ Ⅳ had low exhaustion which had low ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. In nylon/wool fabrics, C.I. Acid Blue 158 had similar exhaustions among Na₂SO₄ I, Na₂SO₄ II, Na2₂SO₄ III, Na₂SO₄ IV and Na₂SO₄ Ⅴ despite of Na₂SO₄ Ⅳ had low ratios of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride Generally, the dyeing of levelling dyes using recovered salts from farm drainage has similar or low exhaustion than the dyeing of levelling dyes using commercial sodium sulfate.