• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 1999

For the purpose of investigate the inhibition effects of Injinchunggantang on Hepatitis and C Virus. The inhibition experiments were as follows : 1. The inhibition effects of Hepatitis B surface antigen production was remarkably increased in the pretreated group of Injinchunggantang compared with control group. 2. Amplified PCR products of HBV-DNA in culture media was considerably decreased in the pretreated group of Injinchunggantang compared with control group. 3. Results of ATP quantitation and ATPase inhibition percent was increased pretreated group of Injinchunggantang. Also ATPase activity of HCV helicase inhibition assay was increased with a dose dependent manner. These results may suggest that Injinchunggantang will have the inhibition effects of Hepatitis B and C Virus.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.14 no.3 s.38
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• pp.349-361
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• 2006

New directions on rural policy have been discussed due to the domestic and international environmental changes such as the price degradation of agricultural products, maintenance of rural landscape, and so on. Development of amenity in rural areas has been come out as the one of new policy directions. Amenity defines as, in a very broad way, the public benefits accruing from the condition of a place, such as aesthetic beauty, clean air and water, or good street lighting. Amenity in rural area is referred as a resource with a potential possibility for development. Among them rural landscape is regarded as the one of major resources. In Jeju, particularly, stone wall retains the most esthetic landscape in rural regions. In addition, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism appointed stone wall as the one of important components in rural landscape and one of the 100 national historic symbols. Stone wall in Jeju has its intrinsic and real value and is widespread in rural regions. However, in spite of it's popularity, the landscape of stone wall has been degraded without any concerns and has been partly destroyed. Landscape of stonewall should be maintained and the depth of concerns and systematic management measures for protection should be discussed. In this sense, the purpose of this paper, first of all, is to examine the status of stone wall and to evaluate the landscape of stone wall in Jeju. GIS is used as an analysis tool. Several areas such as Hankyung, Namyeup, and so on in Jeju are selected as the case areas for this study.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine nutritional status and similarities of diets between Vietnamese female immigrants and Korean spouses and dietary changes of Vietnamese females after immigration. Subjects were 608 couples visiting 13 medical centers for the Cohort of Intermarried Women in Korea from November 2006 to November 2007. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained and dietary intakes were assessed using one-day 24-hour recall. Sixty-eight percent of wives answered there have been changes in their diets and consumptions of meats, fish, dairy products, vegetables, and fruits increased after immigration. Energy intakes of wives and spouses were 1491.7 kcal and 1788.8 kcal, respectively, showing most couples (80.1%) consumed less than the Korean estimated energy requirements. More than half of the couples were below the Korean estimated average requirements of zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folate. The correlation coefficients between couples ranged 0.15-0.38 for unadjusted, 0.22-0.35 for per 1000 kcal, and 0.21-0.40 for energy-adjusted, respectively. The proportions of couples in the same quartiles of each nutrient intake and in the same answers of each question of Mini Dietary Assessment were about 30% across nutrients and around 50% across questions. The length of residence is related to similarities of nutrient intakes between couples: similarities decreased after 3 years of residence in Korea. In conclusion, nutritional intakes of inter-married couples were inadequate although wives reported that their dietary intakes increased after immigration. Inadequate nutrient intakes of wives were partly explained by similar diets between couples because these wives without enough adjustment to Korean culture were more likely to follow what their spouses ate. Findings from this study may be helpful to improve the nutritional status of inter-married couples and make policies and programs for them. A follow-up study should identify factors affecting inadequate nutritional status of intermarried couples and similarities of their diets.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 1997

The prcx.iuction of extracellular 1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase by Cellulomonas sp. CS1-1 on microcrystalline cellulose, sigmacell was maximal after 5-day cultivation as 280 units/mL, which was three times higher than the level produced on carboxymethyl cellulose. A carboxymethyl cellulase containing the carbohydrate of 8.2% was purified from the culture filtrate by successive procedures of column chromatographies. Purification factor was calculated as 22-folds with the specific carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 31.9 units/mg. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the purified enzyme were 54,000 and pI 5.4, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, and the enzyme was stable between pH 6.5 and 7.5 and below $50^{\circ}C$. The estimated Km and Vmax were 10 mg/mL and $6.25{\mu}mol/min$ for carboxymethyl cellulose and 30.3 mg/mL and $2.85{\mu}mol/min$ for sigmacell, respectively. The enzyme was partially inhibited by $Ag^+$, $Zn^{+{+}}$, $Fe^{+{+}}$ and EDTA, while completely inhibited by $Cd^{+{+}}$ and $Hg^{+{+}}$ at 1 mM concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.121-128
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• 2003

This study was carried out to identify the phylogenetic relationship of Phellinus species and to know its distribution by comparing the DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS1 and IST2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat unit. The Phellinus species had their specific sequences in IST1 and 2 regions depending on suedes. The comparison of the ITS sequences of standard strains indicated that the sequences of ITS1 were more variable than those of ITS2. Nine strains of the commercial products of Phellinus species used in this study were identified as P. lintues, P. baumii, P. igniarius, and P. pini. Most of commercial species were P. pini and P. baumii, and P. gilvus was not found. Also, P. linteus was only found in form of mycelial culture rather than fruiting body. Moreover, the species-specific primers were designed based on ITS sequence data. Each species-specific primers were bound in P. lintues(ITSF-PL2R), P. baumii(PB1F-ITS4R), P. igniarius(IF1-IR3), P. pini(PF1-PR3), and P. gilvus(GF2-GR4), respectively. These primer sets would be useful fer the detection of specific-species among unidentified Phellinus species rapidly.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2010

Yuza (Citrus junos Sieb ex TANAKA) is a citrus fruit that is cultivated in northeast Asia. Citron is known for containing abundant antioxidants such as vitamin C, flavonoids, for example hesperidin and hesperetin, and terpenoids such as limononin. When mature citron is processed for tea or other beverage food products in Korea, massive amounts of seeds and pericarp are remained as waste. This study aimed to exploit the processed remnant of Citron for developing functional cosmetic applications. Ethanol extracts of Yuza seed and pericarp did not show significant radical scavenging activities measured by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. But they contained significantly high phenolic compounds. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes were irradiated with 25 mJ UVB and the citron extracts were added to the medium of each culture. Cellular damages caused by UVB irradiation were prevented by the addition of the Yuza extract. In addition, the reduction of the enhanced MMP-1 expression after irradiation of UVB in human dermal fibroblasts was observed. Also the increased level of pro-inflammtory TNF-$\alpha$ in the UVB irradiated HaCaT cells was decreased. The collagen expression was enhanced by the extract. Yuza extract markedly inhibited melanin production from $\alpha$-MSH treated B16F1 melanoma cells. Melanin assay, tyrosinase zymography results indicated that Yuza extract had strong depigmenting activity. In conclusion, Yuza ethanol extracts have good anti-photoaging and strong anti-melanogenic efficacies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.391-399
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• 2015

There has been little research on the harvesting time-dependent changes in the antioxidant activities of new varieties of highland cultures of Gomchwi (Ligularia fischeri) crossed with Turcs (Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.)) and Nakai (Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis), namely Sammany (S), Gommany (G) and Damogy (D). This study was conducted to assess the effect of different harvesting times on nutritional and health-related properties such as total phenolic contents, flavonoids, DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl) free radical scavenging activities and reducing power. From these harvests, extracts were prepared using methanol. Total phenolic content in Jul 14-G (Gommany harvested on July 14, 0.172 ㎎·GAE/ml) was higher than that in other products harvested after the same period (S, 0.154; D, 0.141 ㎎·GAE/ml). Flavonoid content was higher in Jul 3-G (0.114 ㎎·QE/ml), compared to Jul 3-S (0.113 ㎎·QE/ml) and Jul 14-D (0.089 ㎎·QE/ml). Antioxidant activities were higher in samples harvested after June 12 in all cases. On July 14, the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activities among all harvest dates were seen (92.875~94.595%). The reducing power was also dependent on harvest day (Abs 0.5~0.6 on July 14), showing a pattern similar to that of DPPH free radical-scavenging activities. Antioxidant activity and harvesting times seem to correlate with total polyphenol and flavonoid contents.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2015

Metagenomics is a powerful tool to isolate novel biocatalyst and biomolecules directly from the environmental DNA libraries. Since the metagenomics approach bypasses cultivation of microorganisms, un-cultured microorganisms that are majority of exists can be the richest reservoir for natural products discovery. To discover novel herbicidal substances from soil metagenome, we established three easy, simple and effective high throughput screening methods such as cucumber cotyledon leaf disc assay, microalgae assay and seed germination assay. Employing the methods, we isolated two active single clones (9-G1 and 9-G12) expressing herbicidal activity which whitened leaf discs, inhibited growth of microalgae and inhibited root growth of germinated Arabidopsis seeds. Spraying butanol fraction of the isolated active clones' culture broth led to growth retardation or desiccation of Digitalia sanguinalis (L) Scop. in vivo. These results represent that the screening methods established in this study are useful to screen herbicidal substances from metagenome libraries. Further identifying molecular structure of the herbicidal active substances and analyzing gene clusters encoding synthesis systems for the active substances are in progress.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate extract from mixed culture with Trichloloma matsutake mycelium in oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food for diabetes mellitus. To evaluate of hypoglycemic activity of OCM extracts, we examined the inhibitory activity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidasein OCM, blood glucose level and liver function of streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rat. Experimental group was divided into 6 groups: first, it was divided into normal control group(hereafter NC group) and diabetes-induced group, and diabetes-induced group was subdivided into diabetic control group(DC group), treated by hot water extracts group(HE), ultra sonic waves, micro waves, and micro bubble extracts g roup(UE), crude polysaccharide of HE group (HEE) and crude polysaccharide of UE group(UEE) at a dose of 300mg/kg/body weight, respectively. In diabetic-induced groups, after streptozotocin was melted in 0.01M citrate buffer at 50mg/kg/body weight, when the non-fasting blood glucose levelwas 300 mg/dl or more in blood collected from the tail vein, it was regarded as diabetic induction and then such diabetic-induced experimental animals were used in this experiment. At the end of the experiment, blood glucose level increased by 4.19% in DC group but significantly decreased by 32.34%, 19.19%, 17.81% and 17.64%, respectively in UEEE, UE, HE, and HEE groups. In the cases of AST, ALT, and ALP, the experiment group treated with extracts showed significantly lowerblood glucose level than DC group. The levels of BUN and uric acid were found to be lower in the UMPM extract group(UE) than HW extract group(HE), which implies that herb medicine medium extracts in which Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are effective in reducing impaired liver function as well as high blood glucose level caused by diabetes. In addition, the administration of low temperature UMPM extracts was found to produce better results than that of high temperature hot water extracts. In this regard, it is expected that extracts from herb medicine obtained by cultivating Tricholoma matsutake mycelia will be widely used as new ingredients for foods and medicines for prevention and treatment of diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.418-425
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between bone mineral density (BMD) and dietary and non-dietary factors in female college students. The BMD of the subjects (n = 38) was measured using DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) at lumbar spine and three femoral sites including femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter. Three-day 24-hour dietary recall data were collected from each subject to assess consumption levels of nutrients and food groups. The mean (${\pm}SD$) values of age, age of menarche, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fat mass, and % body fat of the subjects were 21.34 (${\pm}1.73$) years, 13.1 (${\pm}1.2$) years, 161.3 (${\pm}5.0$) cm, 53.7 (${\pm}7.2$) kg, 20.6 (${\pm}2.6$) $kg/m^2$, 0.80 (${\pm}0.04$), 15.4 (${\pm}4.4$) kg, and 28.2 (${\pm}4.7$), respectively. The BMD values of lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle, and femoral trochanter as T-value were $1.150{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, $0.932{\pm}0.11\;g/cm^2$, $0.850{\pm}0.13\;g/cm^2$, and $0.721{\pm}0.10\;g/cm^2$, respectively. The daily mean energy intake of the subjects was 1660.6 kcal. The intake levels of carbohydrate, calcium, iron, vitamin C, and folic acid were lower than the KDRIs, while those of fat, phosphorus, sodium, vitamin A, and vitamin $B_6$ were higher than the KDRIs. Significantly negative correlation were detected between consumption of fat and oils and the BMD of all sites measured (p < 0.05). Potato and starch intake was negatively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck and word's triangle (p < 0.05). The intake of cereals was found to be negatively correlated to the BMD of ward's triangle (p v 0.05). There was also negative correlation of intake of soybeans and products with the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Weight and muscle mass were positively correlated to the BMD of both lumbar spine and femurs (p < 0.01). Significantly positive correlations between BMI, and fat mass and the BMD of lumbar spine were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally fat mass was positively correlated to the BMD of femoral neck. WHR and % body fat were positively correlated to the BMD of lumbar spine (p < 0.05). Negative correlation was found between a serum calcium level and the BMD of femoral neck (p < 0.05). In summary non-dietary factors generally showed significant correlations with the BMD of lumbar spine, while several dietary factors showed significant correlations with the BMD of femurs.