• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.707-714
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• 2004

How to improve the cell culture method on scaffolds is important in the tissue engineering fileld. In this study, we optimized seeding and culture methods to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) on biodegradable polymer scaffold. The primary culture of VSMCs obtained from canine external jugular vein was accomplished by applying the explant-derived method. The primary cultured VSMCs were seeded into scaffolds and then cultured by using various different methods; static or dynamic seeding, static or dynamic culture. The difference in proliferative response of VSMCs was analyzed with an alamar blue assay. Cell-polymer construct was examined by histochemical method and scanning electron microscopy. Mesh type scaffold ($10 \times 10 \times0.4 mm$) was made of polyglycolic acid (PGA) suture thread. The PGA mesh type scaffold was 45% in porosity, and 0.03 g in weight. The primary cultured VSMCs were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal anti-$\alpha$-smooth muscle actin. The density and distribution of proliferated VSMCs within the scaffold and cellular adherence on the surface of the scaffold showed better results in the static seeding condition than in the dynamic condition. Under the same condition of seeding method as the static condition, the dynamic culture condition showed enhanced proliferation rates of the VSMCs when compared to the static culture condition. In conclusion, to improve the VSMCs proliferation in vitro, static seeding is better than the dynamic condition. In the culture condition, however, culture under the dynamic status is better than the static condition. This was a pilot study to manufacture artificial vascular vessel by tissue engineering.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.266-269
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• 2006

For the purpose of application for biomass of Tricholoma matsutake, the optimum culture condition were determined. It was found that the optimum culture condition for spot culture of Tricholoma matsutake were pH 5.5 and 3% brown rice meal at $24^{\circ}C$ for 35 days with MMN medium. And the optimum culture condition of bioreactor for biomass were $18^{\circ}C$ and 60 days with PDMP broth.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.286-292
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• 1997

We studied the screening condition for immune regulatory responsor. We focused on the T-lymphocytes leer this purpose. Mouse fetal thymic organ culture (FTOC) system and flow cytometric analysis were mainly used in this experiment. Even if FTOC is carried out in vivo condition, the pattern of thymic development in the condition of FTOC is similar to that of in vivo condition. In this regard, FTOC system might be very powerful tool to screen the immune regulator, especially concerning on T cells. To establish the optimum condition of FTOC to screen the Immune regulator, we focused on the optimum amount of dose and culture period. The cell number and surface antigens on T cells were also analysed by using hemacytometer and flow cytometer. To monitor the differentiation event, anti-CD3, anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies were used. Alkoxyglycerol and Phellodendri Cortex were used fur positive and negative control, respectively. Astragalus membranceus was used as test sample. From our analysis, we reached to conclusions that the best dose of extract is $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ of culture medium, the best culture period is for 9 days, and ethanol used as solvent has no toxicity to FTOC.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

For the purpose of application for biomass of Pleurotus eryngii, the optimum culture condition were tested. It was found that the optimum culture condition for spot culture of pleurotus eryngii were 24$^{\circ}C$ for 18 days with PDA medium. And the optimum culture condition of bioreactor for biomass were pH 5.5, 18$^{\circ}C$ and 27 days with PDMP broth. It was possible to artificial cultivation of mycelial from Pleurotus eryngii using bioreactor for biomass under the optimum conditions, and it was also possible for Pleurotus eryngii biomass because the forming of fruiting body when Pleurotus eryngii was cultivated using mass artificial cultivated mycelial in the bioreactor.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.343-347
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• 1997

Effect of culture conditions on the fermentation of wheat flour solution by mixed lactic acid bacteria of Lactobacillus brevis, L. fermentum and L. plantarum was investigated. The optimum temperature for the fermentation of wheat flour solution was $35^{\circ}C$ because pH decreased the lowest value and TTA (total titrable acidity) increased the highest value at this temperature. In aerobic condition, fermentor was purged with air at 1.0 vvm and was purged with nitrogen gas at 1.0 vvm in anaerobic condition. The decrease of pH and the increase of TTA in aerobic condition were higher than those in anaerobic condition. In aerobic condition, the optimum condition of oxygen supply was found to be oxygen transfer rate coefficient of $60\;hr^{-1}$ which corresponded to agitation speed of 250 rpm in a 5 L fermentor. Repeated fed-batch cultures were performed using pH-stat in order to increase the productivity of fermented wheat flour. With increasing the repeated fraction of culture volume, mean cycle time increased but maximum operation time decreased. However, the volume of produced broth per culture volume per time and total volume of produced broth per culture volume were maximum at the repeated fraction of culture volume of 20%. In a repeated fed-batch fermentation of wheat flour solution using mixed lactic acid bacteria, the culture condition was optimum at temerature of $35^{\circ}C$, aeration rate of 1.0 vvm, oxygen transfer rate coefficient of $60\;hr^{-1}$, and repeated fraction of culture volume of 20%.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 2001

Microstructure of abaxial leaf surface and carbohydrate content of propagules grown in different culture conditions such as heterotrophic, mixotrophic and autotrophic carbon source were investigated. In the leaves of propagules which were grown in the green house, autotrophic and mixotrophic conditions, wax layer was observed, but in the leaves of the heterotrophic propagules, it was not observed. Size and number of stomata of the leaves in the heterotrophic condition was larger and more numerous than that of autotrophic propagules. Especially, stomata of the leaves in the autotrophic condition was similar to the leaves of plant grown in green house. Carbohydrate content was higher in photoautotrophic condition than that in mixotrophic and heterotrophic culture. Also, Free sugar content showed higher in photoautotrophic propagules than that in mixotrophic and heterotrophic culture. In all the culture conditions, content of glucose were higher than that of other free sugars.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.115-118
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• 2006

Cyclin B1 is known to reflect the M-phase promoting factor (MPF), a universal regulator of G2/M-phase transition, activity during the process of oocytes maturation. To investigate whether culture condition affects the maturation rate and the expression of cyclin B1 protein, bovine immature oocytes are stimulated and cultured according to the following protocols: Experiment 1: denuded oocytes (denude) only, COC only, denuded oocytes+granulosa cells (denude+GCs) and COC+GCs; Experiment 2: no-activation (control), 7% ethanol for 5 min and $10{\mu}l/ml$ ionomycin for 5 min at immediately before maturation. The maturation rates of denude and no-activation group were significantly lower in both experiments (P<0.05), respectively. Co-culture or stimulation method in bovine immature oocytes culture increases the cyclin B1 expression significantly in both experiments (P<0.05). Based on these results, culture condition affects the maturation rate and the expression of cyclin B1 protein during the first meiotic maturation in bovine immature oocytes.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

With regard to urban culture this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The "2012 Seoul Survey" report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place 'satisfaction of cultural condition' was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling the third factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was previously done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 2 variables of very significant correlations(p-value<0.01) and (2) - the other 6 variables of significant correlations(p-value<0.05). Then hierarchical regression was adopted to these 2 groups to analyse statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). Additionally to OLS robust and bootstrapping regressions were done to confirm the validity of this model specification. At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are 'community spirit caring for women, the disabled, the poor and the old,' 'satisfaction of bicycle riding condition' shows that the variables have statistically significant and substantially strong effect on 'satisfaction of cultural condition.' This finding implies the following understanding; (1) urban festivals are regarded as the main of the urban culture as of now and this results from the low level of today's culture, (2) culture is telling and hearing stories but the influential relationship between urban culture and community spirit on the weak is negative, which says that the cultural perception among citizen is somewhat selfish and far from the essential understanding of the urban culture. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.241-245
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• 2005

Porcine oviduct epithelial cells (POEC) are widely used in co-culture experiments to improve early embryonic development, in vitro fertilization in embryo transfer programs for domestic animals and in vitro maturation of immature germ cells. POEC were mechanically isolated and cultured in tissue culture medium 199. Cells grew continuously, and confluent monolayers were formed after 7 days. After forming confluent monolayer of epithelial cells, supernatant was collected as the condition medium for maturing round spermatids in vitro. Round spermatids were also separated mechanically and cultured in the POEC condition medium. In this study we observed that $20\%$ of round spermatid cultured were matured into elongating spermatid after 24 h, and about $10\%$ of round spermatid cultured showed complete elongation (elongated spermatid) within $24\~48$ h of in vitro culture. No further development was observed within $50\~72$ h and transformed cells lost their viability after 72 h. These preliminary findings suggest that the condition medium from POEC may be possible to overcome the round spermatid block by improving the milieu of culture system.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1991

The present study has been carried out to investigate the optimal condition on lymphocyte blastogenesis of rabbit lymphocytes, whole blood culture and microculture system in conjunction with a semiautomatic multiple sample harvester(SAMSH) was used to study the In vitro optimal condition of rabbit lymphocytes. Data were presented to show many variables that are involved in studying the phytohemagglutinin(PHA) and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) response of rabbit lymphocyte in a microculture system. Analysis indicated that the conditions for optimal PHA as measured by incorporation of $^3H$-TdR include: (1) use of RPMI-1640 as culture medium. (2) use of $6{\mu}g$ of PHA, per culture. (3) 48-hours culture period. Conditions for optimal stimulation with LPS mitogen were similar to those used for PHA.