• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.4
• /
• pp.432-437
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to select regional distinctive Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) in Gangwon Inland Mountains Area. It was considered as NTFP Pine mushroom, Raw Oak Mushroom, Chestnut, Pinenut, Acorn, Resin, Cultivated Mountain Ginseng, Fernbrake, Chinese bellflower, Lance asiabell, Angelica, Aster scaber, Sap, Wood Vinegar. Regional weight, item weight and forest products quotient were used for the selection of NTFP. Forest products quotient was an application of Location Quotient that is used Input-Output analysis. As a result, Chestnut was selected in Chuncheon. Raw Oak Mushroom was selected in Wonju and Pyeongchang. It was selected Pinenut in Hongcheon, Lance asiabell in Hoengseong and Hwacheon, Acorn in Cheorwon, Aster scaber in Yanggu and Sap in Inje.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.458-466
• /
• 2015

Oak tree death caused by symbiosis of an ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, and an ophiostomatoid filamentous fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, has been a nationwide problem in Korea since 2004. In this study, we surveyed the yeast species associated with P. koryoensis to better understand the diversity of fungal associates of the beetle pest. In 2009, a total of 195 yeast isolates were sampled from larvae and adult beetles (female and male) of P. koryoensis in Cheonan, Goyang, and Paju; 8 species were identified by based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida kashinagacola were found to be the two dominant species. Among the 8 species, Candida homilentoma was a newly recorded yeast species in Korea, and thus, its mycological characteristics were described. The P. koryoensis symbiont R. quercusmongolicae did not show extracelluar CM-cellulase, xylanase and avicelase activity that are responsible for degradation of wood structure; however, C. kashinagacola and M. guilliermondii did show the three extracellular enzymatic activities. Extracelluar CM-cellulase activity was also found in Ambrosiozyma sp., C. homilentoma, C. kashinagacola, and Candida sp. Extracelluar pectinase activity was detected in Ambrosiozyma sp., C. homilentoma, Candida sp., and M. guilliermondii. All the 8 yeast species displayed compatible relationships with R. quercus-mongolicae when they were co-cultivated on yeast extract-malt extract plates. Overall, our results demonstrated that P. koryoensis carries the yeast species as a symbiotic fungal associate. This is first report of yeast diversity associated with P. koryoensis.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1988.08a
• /
• pp.129-132
• /
• 1988

Ginseng is cultivated in Korea. Japan. China. the Soviet Union and North America. Studies of the macroclimate of each of these producing areas shows that ginseng has certain requirements for production. In each producing area the microclimate is modified in different ways. Comparisons of recent research data from North America. Korea and China is presented in order to define. more precisely. the various microclimate requirements for ginseng production. These include studies of light interception as influenced by different shade materials. In North America. wood. woven black polypropylene and knitted polyethylene shade are used. whereas in China. dried grasses are bound together in layers with wire and polyvinylchloride is inserted between the layers. The influence of these various shade materials in terms of crop grow1h and root yield are presented. The major effect of temperature seems to be on root growth. During much of the growing season optimum temperatures for root grow1h are not reached. Growth analysis data for different age plants are being used to show the effects of different soil temperature regimes on distribution of dry matter between the shoot and root.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.311-317
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to identify chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic extract of fruiting bodies of an artificially cultivated Hankyong Sanghwang mushroom, Phellinus linteus KACC 93057P (PLHS). The total phenolic content of 60% ethanolic extract of fruiting bodies of two-year-old PLHS grown on Oak wood logs was $19.05{\pm}0.32mg$ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, which was 4-10 times high compared to the other species of mushrooms. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbisthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value of PLHS were 2-10 and 5 times higher, respectively, than those of the other species of mushrooms. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of 70% methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of PLHS revealed the presence of styrylpyrone-class compounds, davallialactone, hispidin, hypholomine B, and caffeic acid, a compound of the phenylpropanoid pathway.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate an effects on ago-chemical alternative materials such as the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan used for amount and qualities of fruits and to examine the pest protection efficiency for their uses in the apple and pear orchard farms. An apple yields in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the fertilizer and pesticides were decreased at 56% relative to the conventional farming practice method. Also, it was indicated that there was difficult to produce the fruits with marketability because the small sizes of fruits were produced. For the quality of fruits, the brix of apple produced in the orchard cultivated with using the ago-chemical alternative materials was similar, but Vitamin C content was greater than that of the conventional farming practice method. As a results of treating with the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan instead of applying pesticides, the fruit disease in the Chitosan treatment was a little decreased, but was great occurred in the other treatments compared with the conventional farming practice mehod. However, it observed that brix and Vitamin C content of apple produced in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, fermented plan juice and fish amino acid treatments and in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, charcoal power and peat moss treatments were greater than those of the conventional farming practice method, respectively. Over all, it considered that there was very difficult to manage the orchard depended on the ago-chemical alternative materials without appling the chemical fertilizer and pesticides in the apple orchard, but it might be proper to use the ago-chemical alternative materials as an auxiliary means to decrease the appling amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Furthermore, the general effects on the ago-chemical alternative materials to the perennial fruits should be investigated with considering the changes of soil fertility, soil microbial status and natural enemy creatures after treating them for a long time.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.231-235
• /
• 2018

Arthrographis cuboidea is a wood rot fungus found in soil. It causes disease in repeated cultivation areas of Ganoderma lucidum, which damage the mushroom logs and causes considerable loss of income to mushroom farmers. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of soil and characteristics of the growth environment such as the temperature of the Ganoderma lucidum cultivated land. The time required for primordia initiation was 12-13 days. In the chromaticity survey, the degree of redness (a) was 19.5 for vinyl, 20.2 for control, and 19.5 for nonwoven. The yellowness index (b) was 12.7 for vinyl, 13.3 for control, and 12.4 for nonwoven. In the study of growth characteristics, in case of no treatment (control), the length and thickness of the pileus were measured as 145.7 mm and 23.6 mm and those of the stipe were 73.9 mm and 11.5 mm, respectively, and the weight was 130 g. Treatment with non-woven fabric resulted in 157 mm and 93.3 mm long and 22.3 mm and 11.9 mm thick pileus and stipe, respectively, and the weight was 164 g. This result indicates that treatment with non-woven fabric is better than no treatment with respect to Ganoderma lucidum growth.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to survey the levels of heavy metals in perennial root vegetables and to assess dietary exposure and risk to the Korean population health.METHODS AND RESULTS: Perennial root vegetables (n=214) including Panax ginseng C.A mayer, Woodcultivated ginseng, Codonopsis lanceolata, and Platycodon granditloum were collected from markets or harvested from farmhouse in Korea. Lead(Pb), cadmium(Cd) and arsenic (As) analysis were performed with microwave device and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Limit of detection for heavy metals were 0.010~0.050 μg/kg, while limit of quantitation were 0.035~0.175 μg/kg. The recovery results were in the range of 76~102%. The average contents of heavy metals in perennial root vegetables were in the range of Pb 0.013(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.070 (Wood-cultivated ginseng) mg/kg, Cd 0.009(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.034(Codonopsis lanceolata) mg/kg, and As 0.002(Panax ginseng C.A Mayer)~0.004(Plafycodon grandiflorum) mg/kg, respectively. For risk assessment, daily intakes of heave metals were estimated and risk indices were calculated in comparison with reference dose. The dietary exposures of heavy metals through usual intake were Pb 0.070 μg/day, Cd 0.041 μg/day and As 0.008 μg/day, taking 0.03%, 0.08% and 0.0003% as risk indices, respectively.CONCLUSION: The risk level for Korean population exposed to heavy metals through intake of perennial root vegetables was far low, indicating of little possibility of concern.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2010

Sparassis crispa(Cauliflower mushroom) was an edible mushroom that shows remarkably high contents of 1.3-${\beta}$-Dglucan compared to other edible mushroom. The mushroom was known to give high antitumor and immunology activated, and then this mushroom was recently cultivated in Japan and Korea. However, cultivation methods ware becoming kept in secret or patents by some companies with complicated procedures. And it was not established cultivation methods of Sparassis crispa up to now. This study was conducted to solve the problem by short-log cultivation method of Sparassis crispa. Some factors effecting on the mycelial growth and primordial formation of Sparassis crispa were investigated. We could produce the mushroom using short-woods of Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida and Quercus acutissima. We get to high yield fruit-body on short-log cultivaiton of Pinus rigida. And soaking for 8hours in water solution containing 5% uncooked yeast with short-wood of Pinus rigida. The optimal moisture content and temperature were 90~95% and $23{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.107-116
• /
• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.557-563
• /
• 2017

Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae) is a perennial parasitic plant that has a unique lifestyle of being in a symbiotic interaction with fungi. The underground root of Gastrodia is used for medicinal treatment to cure high blood pressure, stroke, leukemia, headaches, and especially neurasthenia. This study is intended to investigate the effect of the global warming on the ecological responses of Gastrodia. We cultivated the small tuber of Gastrodia with the oak wood lot and mulberry fungus under control (ambient $CO_2$ concentration + ambient temperature, ACAT), temperature treatment (ambient $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature, ACET), and $CO_2$+temperature treatment (elevated $CO_2$ concentration+elevated temperature, ECET). The elevated $CO_2$ concentration was about twice in the ambient air while the elevated temperature was about $2^{\circ}C$ higher than the control group. And then we observed the growth and production of reproductive organs and the underground root. The observation showed that the number of flower stalk was highest at ACET and lowest at ECET. The flower stalk was longest at ACET and shortest at ECET. The inflorescence was longest at ACAT and shortest at ECET. The seed capsule was heaviest at ACET and lightest at ECET. The aboveground biomass was highest at ACET and lowest at ECET. The number of rhizomes was highest at ACET and lowest at ECET. The total rhizome biomass was highest at ACET and lowest at ECET. The average rhizome biomass was highest at ACET and lowest at ECET. The results showed that the growth of Gastrodia increased because of more active growth of Gastrodia elata when only the temperature increased and decreased when both $CO_2$ concentration and temperature increased, indicating the poor growth of Gastrodia elata under the global warming condition. Therefore, the Gastrodia elata plantation should be maintained at the temperature of $20-25^{\circ}C$ and not be exposed to a high $CO_2$ concentration.