• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2021

Prevalence of tan spot of wheat caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has become more prevalent in Oklahoma as no-till cultivation in wheat has increased. Hence, developing wheat varieties resistant to tan spot has been emphasized, and selecting pathogen isolates to screen for resistance to this disease is critical. Twelve isolates of P. tritici-repentis were used to inoculate 11 wheat cultivars in a greenhouse study in splitplot experiments. Virulence of isolates and cultivar resistance were measured in percent leaf area infection for all possible isolate x cultivar interactions. Isolates differed significantly (P < 0.01) in virulence on wheat cultivars, and cultivars differed significantly in disease reaction to isolates. Increased virulence of isolates detected increased variability in cultivar response (percent leaf area infection) (r = 0.56, P < 0.05) while increased susceptibility in cultivars detected increased variance in virulence of the isolates (r = 0.76, P < 0.01). A significant isolate × cultivar interaction indicated specificity between isolates and cultivars, however, cluster analysis indicated low to moderate physiological specialization. Similarity in wheat cultivars in response to pathogen isolates also was determined by cluster analysis. The use of diverse isolates of the fungus would facilitate evaluation of resistance in wheat cultivars to tan spot.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

무제초제 친환경 작물 재배 시 봄 리빙멀치용 맥류의 사용을 위해 품종 및 파종기에 따른 출수반응 및 잎의 생산량을 2007년, 2008년 및 2009년 3년에 걸쳐 조사하였는데, 조사된 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 호밀은 품종간 출수반응이 뚜렷이 나타나 리빙멀치용품종의 선택이 중요하였는데, 파성이 높은 Frima 및 윈트그린 품종은 지온이 낮은 3월 파종에도 출수되는 개체가 없어 리빙멀치 용으로 가능하였고, 파성이 낮은 Koolgrazer, 곡우 등 조생품종은 지온이 높은 5월 상순파종까지 출수가 되어 리빙멀치 용으로 부적합하였다. 2. 보리와 밀은 지온이 낮은 3월 파종에서 모두 출수하였지만 4월 초중순 이후에는 대부분 출수하지 않는 뚜렷한 출수반응을 나타내었으며, 엽중에서는 밀보다 보리가, 보리 품종에서는 미락이 올보다 많았다. 3. 4월 초 중순 파종에서는 엽중이 품종간 차이를 보이지 않았지만 엽중이 감소하는 4월하순 이후 파종에서는 품종간 엽중의 차이가 나타나, 맥류의 파성이 크게 문제되지 않는 4월 하순 이후 파종에서는 출수반응보다는 엽중의 확보가 더욱 중요하였다. 4. 호밀 품종 두루는 4월 초순부터 리빙멀치 용으로 파종이 가능하였고 다른 품종보다 엽중이 많아 리빙멀치용으로 유망한 품종으로 생각되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2020

Recently, abnormal weather conditions, such as extreme high temperatures and droughts, have increased in frequency due to climate change, there has accordingly been growing concern regarding the detrimental effects on field crop, including soybean. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effects of increased temperatures on soybean growth and yield using a temperature gradient chamber (TGC). Two major types of soybean cultivar, a medium- seed cultivar such as Daepung-2 and a large-seed cultivar such as Daechan, were used and four temperature treatments, aT+1℃ (ambient temperature+1℃), aT+2℃ (ambient temperature+2℃), aT+3℃ (ambient temperature+3℃) and aT+4℃ (ambient temperature+4℃) were established to examine the growth response and seed yield of each cultivar. Seed yield showed a higher correlation with seed weight (r=0.713***) and an increase in temperature affected seed yield by reducing the single seed weight. In particular, the seed growth rate of the large-seed cultivar (Daechan) increased at high temperature, resulting in a reduction in the number of days for full maturity. Our results accordingly indicate that large-seed cultivar, such as Daechan, is potentially vulnerable to high temperature stress. The results of this study can be used as basic data in the development of cultivation technology to reduce the damage caused by elevated temperatures. Also, further research is required to evaluate the response of each process contributing to seed yield production under high temperatures.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.512-517
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• 1990

본 시험은 수도 소벽성과 다벽성 품종의 분벽 습성의 차이를 구명하고, 재식밀도에 대한 소ㆍ다벽성 품종의 수량 반응 및 밀식 적응성을 조사하기 위하여 국제미작연구소(IRRI)에서 실시하였다. 공시품종은 다벽ㆍ수수형인 IR58과 소벽ㆍ수중형인 IR25588을 비교하였던 바 이들은 분벽능력과 이삭의 크기는 현저히 달랐으나 다른 특성은 비슷하였다. 1. 소벽성인 IR25588(19.1 개/주)은 다벽성인 IR58(32.5 개/주)에 비하여 약 60%의 분벽능력을 지니고 있었으며, 총 분벽수에 대한 주기여분벽은 두품종 모두 2차 분벽로서 50-55%를 차지하였다. 2. 다벽성(IR58)은 소벽성(IR25588)에 비하여 첫 분벽이 일찍 발생되었고, 분벽속도가 빨랐으며, 분벽발생기간이 길었다. 3. 분벽 종류에 따라서 분벽발생기간이 달랐는데 1차, 2차, 3차분벽의 발생기간이 IR25588은 26, 17, 5일이고 IR58은 30, 28, 8일로서 다벽성의 분벽발생 기간이 소벽성보다 길었다. 4. 유효경비율은 IR25588(85.3%)이 IR58(67.4%)보다 높았다. 1차분벽의 유효경비율은 두 품종이 비슷하였으나 2ㆍ3차분벽의 유효경비비율은 소벽성이 다벽성보다 현저히 높았다. 5. 수량에 대한 밀식적응성은 소벽성품종이 다성품종보다 컷는데, 이는 밀식재배 또는 직파재배시에 소벽성품종이 다벽성품종보다 수량면에서 유리할 수 있다는 것을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1988

기히 선발(選拔)된 oxyfluorfen에의 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 품종(品種)(군(群))에 대한 생리적차이(生理的差異)를 확인(確認)하기 위하여 $^{14}C$-제초제(除草劑)를 이용(利用)한 일련의 흡수(吸收) 이행(移行) 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였으며, 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 시험(試驗) 1. 선발품종군간(選拔品種群間)의 흡수(吸收) 및 이행차이(移行差異) -감수성품종군(感受性品種群)은 단위건물중당(單位乾物重當)의 근부(根部) 흡수량(吸收量), 하위경부흡수량(下位莖部吸收量), 상위경부흡수량(上位莖部吸收量) 및 전체흡수량(全體吸收量)에서 각각 내성품종군(耐性品種群)의 209%, 193%, 344% 및 204%에 이르렀고, 지상부(地上部)로의 이행율(移行率)도 152%에 달(達)하는 정도로 높았다. 시험(試驗) 2. 선발품종간(選拔品種間)의 약제침지부위(藥劑沈漬部位) 및 시간(時間)에 따른 흡수(吸收) 및 이행차이(移行差異) -품종(品種)에 관계(關係)없이 뿌리흡수(吸收)는 되었으나 이행(移行)은 극히 제한(制限)되었다. -하단경부(下端莖部)에서도 흡수(吸收)는 하였으나 상위경부(上位莖部)로의 이행(移行)은 품종(品種)에 관계(關係)없이 제한적(制限的)이었다. -침지시간(沈漬時間)이 길어지면 근부흡수량(根部吸收量)도 증가(增加)되었으며, 흡수(吸收)의 지속성(持續性)은 내성품종(耐性品種)보다 감수성품종(感受性品種)에서 유의적(有意的)으로 컸다. -경엽(莖葉)에서 흡수(吸收)된 oxyfluorfen이 근부(根部)로는 쉽게 이행(移行)되는 경향(傾向)이었다. 그러나 침지시간경과(沈漬時間經過)에 따라 경엽흡수(莖葉吸收) 및 잔류량(殘留量)은 내성(耐性)보다 감수성품종(感受性品種)에서 지속적(持續的)으로 증대(增大)되는 경향(傾向)이었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2007

Typical susceptible symptoms of the bacterial pustule disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines are pustule and chlorotic haloes that usually occur in leaves of Glycine max plants. The soybean genotype 'PI96188' showed an atypical response to all tested races X. axonopodis pv. glycines, accompanied with necrosis without chlorotic haloes on the underside of the necrotic symptoms. X. axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra grew to levels from 10 to 100 fold lower on PI96188 than on susceptible cultivar Jinjoo1, but 10-fold higher than on the resistant cultivar CNS. The chlorophyll content in PI96188 leaves remained unchanged until 12 days after bacterial infection. Ultrastructural observation showed that the infected leaf cells of PI96188 had intact normal chloroplasts compared to those of the susceptible cultivar Jinjoo1. Chloroplast degradation or the absence of chloroplasts in cells of the infected tissues was observed in Jinjoo1. Senescence-related ACS7 gene was significantly induced in PI96188 compared to those in Jinjoo1 at 2 days after inoculation. While photosynthesis-related rbcS gene showed the dramatic change in Jinjoo1, this gene was constitutively expressed in PI96188. However, expression of the defense-related genes, such as peroxidase and isoflavone synthase in the infected PI96188 leaves was similar to that in Jinjoo1. Together, these results suggest that the novel necrotic symptom in PI96188 is a kind of resistant response different from a typical hypersensitive response in the resistant genotypes.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 1998

To determine whether the enhanced UV-B causes oxidative stress, and to test the relationship between plant growth response and biochemical defense response to UV-B, two soybean plants, Keunolkong, a highly UV-B susceptible cultivar, and Danyeubkong, a less UV-B susceptible cultivar, were subjected to the enhanced UV-B [daily dose : 0.06 (control) and 11.32 (enhanced UV-B) kJ $m^{-2}$ ; $UV-B_{BE}$] for 3 weeks. Contents of malondialdehyde and total carotenold were increased in Keunolkong compared with Danyeubkong by UV-B. In control plants, ascorbate level of Danyeubkong was 3 times higher than that of Keunolkong. The ratio of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate was highly increased in Keunolkong by UV-B . The activities of antioxidative enzyme such as superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase were increased in both cultivars by UV-B. This results indicate that enhanced UV-B caused oxidative stress in both two cultivars, especially in Keunolkong. Susceptibility of two soybean cultivars to UV-B is closely related to the levels of antioxidants such as carotenoid and ascorbate.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2023

국내에서 많이 재배되는 버섯 품목 중 하나인 느타리는 병재배 자동생산 시스템이 개발되면서 대량생산이 가능해졌다. 그러나, 생산량이 과잉되며 소비가 줄어들면서 농가에서는 다양한 품목과 품종의 버섯을 요구하고 있다. 이에 갓이 백색이면서 수량이 높고 품질이 우수한 느타리 품종 '세나'를 개발하였다. 국립원예특작과학원 버섯과에서 보유중인 유전자원 중 기존 백색느타리 품종인 '고니'와 '미소'를 선발하여 포자 간 교잡을 통해 계통을 육성하고 재배시험과 특성평가를 통해 최종 우량계통을 선발하였다. '세나' 품종의 균사생장 적온은 25~30℃이고, 버섯생육 적온은 14~18℃이며 다발 형태로 생육하고 갓은 백색이며 얕은 깔때기 형태이다. 균사 생장은 맥아한천배지(MEA)에서 가장 우수하고 30℃ 이상의 고온에서는 생장하지 않았다. 1,100cc 병재배 시 유효경수는 약 35개로 대조품종 '고니' 16개보다 많았으며, 수량도 약 157 g으로 24% 증수됨을 확인하였다. 수확된 버섯 300 g을 간이 포장하여 4℃ 저온저장고에서 28일 간 저장했을 때, 중량 감모율은 약 4.22%로 대조품종보다 낮았으며, 백색도 변화값도 갓, 대가 각각 6.99, 8.33으로 대조품종보다 낮았다. 갓이 백색으로 육안으로 보이는 품질 또한 중요하기 때문에, 대조품종 '고니'에 비해 '세나' 품종이 저온 저장을 거쳤을 때 중량과 품질 측면에서 모두 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

The differential response of soybean cultivars with or without sulfur (S) application was observed under fold conditions. Plant biomass decreased by sulfur deficiency but the reduction was less in Bragg variety about 26 % relative to the control than other ones over 45%, probably due to less reduction in loaves and pods. The photosynthetic rate of Bragg cultivar was also unaffected by the absence of sulfur application while it depressed in other lines. Soybean cultivars were compared in terms of storage protein, protein quality and biomass production by application of sulfur nutrition. The storage protein concentration tended to decrease without sulfur application in all the cultivars, however the differential response of protein quality only by 11S/7S ratio to sulfur nutrition status was observed: For instance, Bragg cultivar had higher biomass and protein production but protein quality decreased at sulfur deficiency. On the other hand, biomass and protein production in other cultivars remained louver at sulfur deficiency but protein quality differed genetically in spite of sulfur nutrition status. These results suggest that the response of soybean to sulfur nutrition is controlled by genotypic difference and sulfur supply status.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.282-287
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• 2000

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] crops, grown in a rice soybean rotation, can suffer when grown in soil with excessive moisture. The objective of this work were to determine the reduction in growth and yield, responses of vegetative and reproductive growth of soybean to excessive soil moisture achieved by prolonged irrigation. Responses of different cultivars were determined at growth stages from V6 to R8 to clarify the sensitive growth stages or characteristics to excessive soil moisture. Cultivar differences in response to excessive soil moisture condition were conspicuous in seed dry weight and harvest index (HI) but not in the response of seed number or pod number per plant. The timing of irrigation causing the condition of excessive soil moisture influenced the vegetative or reproductive traits. Soybean plants were more affected by irrigation commencing at the pre-flowering than at the post-flowering stage. Post-flowering irrigation did not reduce growth of vegetative organs significantly; in fact the growth of stems and leaves was facilitated by the prolonged irrigation commencing at flowering. Differences between cultivar response to prolonged irrigation were assumed to relate to the reduced amount of assimilates translocated to the reproductive organ.