• 제목/요약/키워드: culling

검색결과 107건 처리시간 0.028초

Successful treatment of recurrent subclinical mastitis in cows caused by enrofloxacin resistant bacteria by means of the sequential intramammary infusion of enrofloxacin HCl-2H2O and ceftiofur HCl: a clinical trial

  • Alfonseca-Silva, Edgar;Cruz-Villa, Juan Carlos;Gutierrez, Lilia;Sumano, Hector
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.78.1-78.10
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    • 2021
  • Background: Recurrent subclinical mastitis (RScM) due to resistant bacteria has low clinical and bacteriological cure rates, often requiring the culling of cows. The sequential intramammary administration of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C) followed by ceftiofur HCl may be useful for treating these cases. Objectives: This study assessed the bacteriological and clinical cure-efficacies of the sequentially intramammary administration of enro-C, followed by ceftiofur HCl to treat RScM in Holstein/Friesian cows. Methods: This trial was conducted in a herd with a high prevalence of RScM, and 20 Holstein/Friesian cows were included: 45% suffering subclinical mastitis and 38.9% of the mammary quarters affected. Twenty-nine bacterial isolates in vitro resistant to enro-C were obtained (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, 55.2%; Staphylococcus aureus, 27.6%; Escherichia coli, 6.9%; Streptococcus uberis, 6.9%; Corynebacterium bovis, 3.4%). Polymerase chain reaction-isolated the following genes linked to enro-C resistance: chromosomal (gyrA) and plasmid (aac(6')-lb-cr). The treatments were as follows: twice-daily intramammary infusions of enro-C (300 mg/10 mL) for 5 days. Cows clinically considered treatment failures were also treated with intramammary ceftiofur (125 mg/10 mL, twice daily for 5 days. The clinical and bacteriological cure rates were carried out when completing each treatment phase and at 14 and 21 days, aided by a California mastitis test, somatic cell count, and failure to identify the initially causative bacteria. Results: Enro-C achieved 65% clinical and bacteriological cure rates, and 100% cure rates were obtained after the rescue treatment with ceftiofur HCl. Conclusions: Outstanding clinical and bacteriological cure rates in cows affected by RScM were achieved with the consecutive intramammary infusions of enro-C, followed by ceftiofur HCl.

Risk Factors for Displacement of the Abomasum in Dairy Cows and its Relationship with Postpartum Disorders, Milk Yield, and Reproductive Performance

  • Kang, Hyun-Gu;Jeong, Jae-Kwan;Kim, Ill-Hwa
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제36권1호
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    • pp.68-73
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    • 2019
  • We determined the risk factors for displacement of the abomasum (DA), and the relationships between DA and postpartum disorders, milk yield, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Initially, we identified the risk factors for DA using data regarding cow health and calving season from 2,208 lactations. Then, we compared the incidence of postpartum disorders, culling, death, and reproductive performance between cows with DA and their control herdmates (each n = 57). In addition, serum metabolites concentrations and milk yield were compared between cows with DA and controls (each n = 33). Ketosis (odds ratio [OR] = 9.27, p < 0.0001) and twin calves (p = 0.06) increased the risk of DA. Cows with a parity of three had a higher risk (OR = 5.23, p < 0.01) of DA than primiparous cows. Serum total cholesterol concentration was lower but non-esterified fatty acid, ${\beta}-hydroxybutyrate$, and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were higher after calving in cows with DA than in controls (p < 0.05). The removal rate from the herd by 2 months after calving was higher (p < 0.05) but milk yield 1 and 2 months after calving (p < 0.01) and the rate of first insemination by 150 days postpartum were lower (hazard ratio = 0.49, p < 0.05) in cows with DA than controls. In conclusion, higher parity, twin calves, and ketosis are risk factors for DA in dairy cows, which is associated with a higher removal rate from the herd, lower milk yield, a longer calving to first insemination interval, and unfavorable levels of metabolites related to energy and liver function.

Risk factors limiting first service conception rate in dairy cows and their economic impact

  • Kim, Ill Hwa;Jeong, Jae Kwan
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제32권4호
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    • pp.519-526
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    • 2019
  • Objective: We determined the risk factors limiting first service conception (FSC) rate in dairy cows and their economic impact. Methods: Data were collected from 790 lactations regarding cow parity, peri- and postpartum disorders, body condition score (BCS), reproductive performance, and expenses associated with reproductive management (treatment, culling, and others). Initially, we identified the risk factors limiting FSC rate in dairy cows. Various biological and environmental factors, such as herd, cow parity, BCS at 1 month postpartum and first artificial insemination (AI), resumption of cyclicity within 1 month of calving, year, AI season, insemination at detected estrus or timed AI, peri- and postpartum disorders, and calving to first AI interval, were evaluated. Next, we evaluated the economic impact of the success or failure of FSC by comparing the expense associated with reproductive management until conception between cows that did or did not conceive at their first service. Results: Cows with BCS <3.0 had a lower probability of conceiving at first insemination (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, p<0.05) than cows with $BCS{\geq}3.0$. Cows inseminated during summer were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.44, p<0.001) than cows inseminated during spring. Cows with peri- or postpartum disorders were less likely to conceive (OR = 0.55, p<0.001) than cows without disorders. Survival curves generated using MedCalc showed an 81 day extension in the mean interval between calving and conception in cows that failed to conceive over those that did conceive at first insemination. Cows failing conceive required additional expenditure on reproductive treatment ($55.40) and other management ($567.00) than cows that conceived at first insemination. Conclusion: Lower BCS, hot weather at first insemination, and peri- and postpartum disorders are risk factors limiting FSC, which result in an economic loss of $622.40 per dairy cow.

구제역 진단법 연구개발 현황 (총설) (Status of Research and Development of Foot and Mouth Disease Diagnosis (Review))

  • 곽경록;최소영;김은영;황춘홍;이성진
    • 동물자원연구
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.78-96
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    • 2017
  • 구제역은 발생 시 전염이 쉽게 일어나며 심각한 경제적 피해를 일으키는 질병이다. 구제역의 방역정책은 발견 직후 빠른 살처분이 최선책이나, 전파 속도나 상황 등에 따라 타지역 백신 접종 등의 방법을 시행할 수도 있다. 이러한 방법을 적용하기 위해서는 구제역을 빠르고 정확하게 진단할 필요성이 있다. 개발된 진단법들은 구제역의 확진, 혈청형의 동정, 백신 접종 후 항체의 생성 확인 등에 사용된다. 많은 진단법들이 개발되었지만 아직은 빠른 시간 내에 검출이 가능하며 동시에 정확성도 가진 방법이 드물다. 그렇기에 기존의 방법들을 개선시킨 새로운 진단법이 필요하다. 현재는 대부분 혈청학적 진단법인 ELISA에 의존하거나 분자 유전학적 기술인 PCR을 사용한다. 가장 최근 기술은 그 둘을 합치는 방법으로, 어떻게 하면 더 신속하고 저비용이면서, 민감하고 정확한 방법이 될 수 있을지 연구가 진행되고 있다.

육계에서 발생한 흡수불량증후군 증례 (A case report of runting-stunting syndrome in a broiler farm)

  • 추금숙;정우리;문보미
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제47권2호
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2024
  • A broiler farm in Jeonbuk province experienced high mortality due to decreased feed intake and poor growth, and pathological evaluation of 11- and 17-day-old broilers was performed, which led to the diagnosis of runting-stunting syndrome. From the start of the rearing period to shipment, 18.4% of the chickens in the three barns experiencing continuous culling and mortality were affected, compared to 7.7% in the other five barns. Gross findings on the 11-day-old broiler chicken revealed proventricular dilatation and hemorrhage, intestinal hemorrhage, urate deposition in the pericardium and renal tubule, nephropathy, and mild hepatic capsulitis. Similar proventricular dilatation and hemorrhage were observed in the 17-day-old broiler chickens. In addition, hepatitis and pericarditis were observed with the progression of secondary bacterial infection, and pathogenic Escherichia coli was isolated from these lesions. As a result of PCR, Newcastle disease virus, fowl adenovirus, chicken anemia virus and Marek's disease virus were not detected in the all tissue samples. In contrast, infectious bronchitis virus was detected in the proventriculus, kidney and cecal tonsil. chicken astrovirus was detected in the intestine, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius, and chicken parvovirus was detected in proventriculus, intestine, cecal tonsil and bursa of Fabricius. By sharing the diagnostic process of a case of malabsorption syndrome through this case report, we hope that it can be widely utilized in the diagnostic process of livestock disease pathognomonic institutions.

젖소의 분만 후 생식기의 회복 및 질병 발생 조사 (Postpartum Reproductive Tract Recovery and Prevalence of Health Problems in Dairy Cows)

  • 정재관;최인수;강현구;정영훈;허태영;김일화
    • 한국임상수의학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.168-173
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구는 젖소에서 산후 자궁염증 및 난소주기 회복 정도를 평가하였으며, 또한 분만 사고 및 산후 기간 질병 발생에 대한 조사를 위하여 실시하였다. 충청 지역 4개 젖소 목장의 사육 젖소 224두를 이용하였다. 자궁의 염증상태를 평가하기 위하여, 분만 후 8주까지 매주 메트리체크 기구를 이용하여 자궁분비물 중 농의 비율에 따른 성상을 점수화(메트리체크 점수; 0-5점) 하였으며, 분만 후 4, 6, 8주에는 백혈구 비율 산정을 위한 자궁세포 검사를 실시 하였다. 분만 후 난소주기 재개 여부 확인을 위하여 4, 6, 8주에 프로게스테론 농도(${\geq}1ng/mL$)를 분석하였다. 분만 후 메트리체크 점수는 1주($3.4{\pm}0.1$)부터 4주($2.0{\pm}0.1$)까지 연속적으로 감소하였으며(p < 0.0001), 이 후 8주까지 비슷한 점수를 유지하였다(p > 0.05). 자궁세포 검사를 이용한 호중구 비율은 분만 후 4주($22.3{\pm}1.8%$)에서 6주($12.1{\pm}1.4%$)까지 감소하였으며(p < 0.0001), 이 후 8주($9.2{\pm}1.4%$)까지 비슷한 비율을 유지하였다(p > 0.05). 난소주기 재개는 분만 후 2주(12.1%)에서 8주(74.3%)까지 연속적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.0001). 난산과 후산정체 발생 비율은 각각 20.5%, 30.4%였다. 분만 후 케토시스, 유열, 4위전위증, 패혈성 자궁염, 자궁내막염, 준임상형 자궁내막염, 자궁축농증 및 난소낭종 발생율은 각각 18.8%, 3.6%, 4.0%, 36.2%, 29.5%, 17.0%, 4.5%, 14.7%였다. 소화기 질병 및 유방염 발생율은 각각 5.4%, 9.6%였다. 도태 및 폐사율은 각각 4.0%, 3.6%였다. 난산, 후산정체, 패혈성 자궁염, 자궁내막염, 난소낭종, 소화기 질병, 유방염 및 도태율은 목장간 차이가 있었다(p < 0.05, p < 0.01). 결론적으로, 분만 후 4주에서 8주까지 자궁염증 상태 및 난소주기 재개 확인은 축군의 번식위생 유지에 도움을 줄 수 있는 임상적인 수단으로 사용될 수 있으며, 조사 지역에서의 젖소에서 난산, 후산정체, 패혈성 자궁염 및 자궁내막염의 발생율이 높았음을 보여 주었다.

뉴질랜드 (Palmerston North) 의 낙농 현황과 번식 및 번식장해에 관한 연구 (II) Palmerston North 지역의 낙농 번식현 황과 번식장해에 관한 조사 (Studies on Dairy Farming Status, Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in New Zealand (II) A Survey on Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in Palmerston North Area)

  • 김중계;맥도날드
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.19-33
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    • 2000
  • New Zealand, Palmerston North 지역의 낙농가 80여 개 낙농가에 1998년 2월부터 1998년 7월까지 우편설문지에 의해 조사되었다. 주어진 질문항목은 1) General characteristics, 2) Milk yield 와 feed supplementary, 3) Reproductive efficiencies(14개 질의), 4) Reproductive disorders (12개 질의) 4개 항목을 포함하는 합계 43개의 질문을 내포하고 있었다. 낙농가의 웅답자 38농가 (47.5%)에서 회수된 질의문 4개 항목 중 3), 4) 항목에 해당되는 번식능력 향상을 위한 번식상황, 번식장해, 젖소의 일반적인 질환(대사질환 포함) 및 도태 등에 관한 조사결과를 집계분석하여 우리나라 낙농인 (특히 제주도)들에게 인식시키고, New Zealand 성적과 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Palmers ton North 지역에서 인공수정만을 실행하고 있는 낙농가는 38농가 중 15농가 (39.5%)뿐이고 나머지 23농가(60.5%)는 임신율을 향상시키기 위하여 대부분 약 5∼6 마리의 종모우를 확보하고 있었다. 대부분의 농가는 대략 10월 20일경에서 12월 10일 까지 약 42일간 인공수정을 실시하고 그 후부터 익년 1월 19일까지 (약 42일) 종모우로 자연교미를 시도하고 있었다. 인공수정 개시 후 전체 종빈우 중 3주 동안에 발정 발현율이 84.7%, 6주에는 93.9%, 그리고 10주까지 약 97.9%의 발정두수가 포착되여 임신으로 유도되었다. 2. 미경산우의 첫발정 1월령, 첫수정 l월령 그리고 첫분만 1월령은 각각 대략 11.0, 15.4 과 24.7개월이었고, 임신까지의 수정회수는 약 1.4회였다. 또한 분만 후 발정재귀와 첫수정일은 각각 38,68일로 상당히 우리나라보다 빠른 성적을 보여주고 있었다. 3. 전체 수정두수에 있어서 송아지 분만율은 90.9%이고, 유산된 암소 1.6% 이었으며, 공태율은 7.4% 이었고, 사육규모두수가 증가됨으로써 분만율은 떨어졌으며, 공태율도 약간씩 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 4. 번식장해에 있어서 사산, 후산정체 그리고 분만장해는 각각 평균 5.3, 3.7, 5.5%로서 사육 규모에 따라서 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 대사질병중 유열, 신경성강직, 케토시스 발생율은 각각 평균 3.6, 3.0, 1.0%로 사육규모 두수별 큰 차이가 없었다. 그리고 치료 대상 중에서 분만장해는 평균 3.1%, 유방염 발생은 6.7%로 높았으나, 사육규모가 커질수록 비율이 떨어지는 경향을 보여주었으며, 다리절음은 평균 8.6%로서 400두 이상 사육규모에서 10.1% 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 낙농가에서 사육 중 도태두수는 평균 15.5%서 연령, 다리절음, 기타 질병에 따른 도태두수는 각각 평균 2.9, 1.8, 4.3%로 사유규모별 차이가 없었으나, 저우유생산량, 번식장해의 의한 도태두수는 각각 평균 4.3, 5.1%로 사육두수가 많아짐에 따라서 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 7. 우리나라에서 조사된 성적과 비교할 때 대체로 일반적인 번식효율과 분만장해는 양호하였으나, 발절음, 대사질환, 그리고 도태율 동은 New Zealand 에서 높은 수치를 보여 주었다.

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Effects of dietary energy levels on physiological parameters and reproductive performance of gestating sows over three consecutive parities

  • Jin, S.S.;Jin, Y.H.;Jang, J.C.;Hong, J.S.;Jung, S.W.;Kim, Y.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.410-420
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    • 2018
  • Objective: This experiment was to evaluate the effects of the dietary energy levels on the physiological parameters and reproductive performance during gestation over three parities in sows. Methods: A total of 52 F1 gilts ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments using a completely randomized design. The treatments contained 3,100, 3,200, 3,300, or 3,400 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME)/kg diet but feed was provided at 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 kg/d in the first, second and third parity, respectively. Results: The body weight and body weight gain during gestation increased as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05, and p<0.01) in the first parity. In the second parity, the body weight of sows was the lowest (p<0.05) when 3,100 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet was provided. The body weight was higher as the dietary energy level increased (p<0.05) during the gestation period in the third parity. During lactation, the voluntary feed intake of lactating sows tended to decrease when gilts were fed higher energy treatment diet (p = 0.08) and the body weight, body weight gain were increased by dietary energy level during gestation (p<0.05). Backfat thickness was not affected by dietary treatment during the gestation period in three parities, interestingly backfat change from breeding to d 110 of gestation was higher as the dietary energy level increased at the first parity (p<0.05). When gilts were fed 3,400 kcal of ME/kg treatment diet a higher number of weaning piglets was observed in the first parity (p<0.05). The highest culling rate (69%) was seen when gestating sows were fed 3,100 kcal/kg ME treatment diet during three parities. Conclusion: In conclusion, the adequate energy intake of gestating sows should be 6,400 or 6,600 kcal of ME/d, 7,040 or 7,260 kcal of ME/d, and 7,680 or 7,920 kcal of ME/d for parity 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Subfertility in Males: An Important Cause of Bull Disposal in Bovines

  • Mukhopadhyay, C.S.;Gupta, A.K.;Yadav, B.R.;Khate, K.;Raina, V.S.;Mohanty, T.K.;Dubey, P.P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.450-455
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    • 2010
  • The study had two objectives, namely, to estimate the andrological disorders leading to disposal of Karan Fries (KF), Sahiwal cattle and Murrah buffalo bulls and to study the effect of various factors (species/breeds, season of birth and period of birth) on male reproductive parameters. Records on occurrence of subfertility problems and disposal pattern of bulls maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute herd were collected for 15 years (1991 to 2005). Percentage of bulls producing freezable semen was less in the crossbred cattle (58.46%) as compared to Sahiwal (81.69%) and Murrah bulls (81.05%). Various subfertility traits like poor libido and unacceptable seminal profile were found to be the significant reasons (p<0.01) for culling of the breeding bulls. Inadequate sex drive was the main contributing factor for bull disposal in Sahiwal (22.55%) and Murrah bulls (15.12%) whereas poor semen quality and freezability were most frequently observed in KF bulls (24.29 and 7.29 percent, respectively). Least squares analyses of different male reproductive parameters showed that species/breeds had significant effect (p<0.05) on all traits except for frozen semen production periods (FSPP). Periods of birth were significantly different (p<0.05) for all traits except for semen volume. Age at first semen collection (AFSC), age at first semen freezing (AFSF) and age at disposal (AD) were highest in Murrah, while frozen semen production period (FSPP) and semen production period (SPP) were highest in KF and lowest in Sahiwal. The age at first semen donation and breeding period could be reduced by introducing the bulls to training at an early age. These results revealed a declining trend in AFSC, AFSF, FSPP, SPP and AD, thereby indicating an improvement in reproductive performance over the years. The age at first semen donation in bovines can be reduced by introducing the young male calves to training at an early age, which could increase the dosage of semen obtained from each male.

단핵균주간 교잡에 의한 큰느타리버섯 신품종 "단비"의 특성 (Characterization of a New Cultivar "Dan Bi" by Mono-mono Hybridization in Pleurotus eryngii)

  • 김민근;류재산;유영복
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제39권1호
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2011
  • 큰느타리버섯 품종 육성을 위해 품질이 우수한 특성을 지니는 큰느타리버섯 KNR2312와 발이개체수가 적은 특성을 지니는 큰느타리버섯 KNR2539 모본으로부터 단핵균주를 분리 한 뒤 단포자간 교잡을 통해 발이개체수가 적은 고품질의 신품종 "단비"를 육성하였다. 신품종의 균사 생육 적정온도는 $25^{\circ}C$이며 자실체 발생 적정 온도는 $15{\sim}16^{\circ}C$였다. 솎음 재배에서 발이소요일수를 포함한 수확소요일수는 대조품종인 큰느타리버섯 3호에 비해 0.7~1.3일 정도 늦었다. 갓 색깔은 중간수준의 갈색이며 대 색깔은 흰색을 나타내었다. 갓모양은 우산형으로 갓 표면은 거미줄처럼 인피가 존재하며 850 cc 플라스틱 병재배에서 한 병당 수량은 $93{\pm}9.7$ g이었다. #8005 프라이머를 이용한 신품종 "단비"와 대조품종간의 RAPD 분석결과 서로 다른 DNA 밴드양상을 보여 주었다. 큰느타리버섯 신품종 "단비"의 경우 균긁기 후 발이개체수가 대조품종인 큰느타리버섯 3호에 비해 적은 특성이 있어 버섯 재배농가의 솎음 작업과정에 많은 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.