• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2002

Bread baking parameters and relationships between bread baking properties and flour characteristics were evaluated for two years, 1997 and 1998, and at two locations, Suwon and Deokso, with Korean winter wheat cultivars and lines. Among the bread baking parameters, lightness of crumb grain showed differences between years. No significant differences were found in dough mixing time, bread loaf volume, crumb grain score or firmness. Keumkangmil, Suwon 278 and Tapdongmil showed higher bread loaf volume, good structure of crumb grain and softer crumb firmness. However, compared to commercial flours for baking, cultivar means averaged over years and locations of nineteen Korean winter wheats showed poor bread baking quality because of low protein content and unsuitable protein quality. Protein content and flour swelling volume showed better relationships with the bread baking parameters than other flour characteristics. Friabilin-absence lines showed softer crumb firmness than those of friabilin-presence lines.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2015

This study investigated the baking properties of sorghum with the addition of xylanase or Pentopan, which is a baking additive containing xylanase. The control bread was made with a 30% substitution for wheat flour and the optimum level of enzyme addition was 0.75 mg/g flour for Pentopan and 5 mg/g flour for xylanase. The water binding capacity of wheat flour increased with the addition of sorghum, but decreased with the addition of either xylanase or Pentopan. The resistance of dough increased while extensibility decreased with the addition of sorghum; however, resistance decreased while extensibility increased with the addition of the enzyme. Specific volume of bread decreased significantly with the addition of sorghum. However, the specific volume was significantly recovered with the addition of enzyme. Crumb firmness was higher in the sorghum-added sample, but crumb firmness of the bread decreased with the addition of the enzyme. The crumb firmness of bread with added xylanase decreased significantly in 24 hours. These results demonstrated that adding sorghum with either xylanase or Pentopan that included xylanase increased specific volume and decreased crumb firmness whereas sorghum decreased the quality of fermented bread when added to wheat flour. The firmness rate of fermented bread particularly decreased with the addition of pure xylanase.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of adding Gastrodiae rhizoma powder on quality attributes of sponge cake. The cake was made with various Gastrodiae rhizoma powder concentration(0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) added, and it was stored for 5 days at three different temperatures(5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$). By analyzing the mixogram data of wheat flour-Gastrodiae rhizoma powder composite flour, the ascending angle of the samples containing Gastrodiae rhizoma powder was increased and the descending angle had upper values compared with that of control as the Gastrodiae rhizoma powder addition concentration was increased. The loaf volume of 0.5% Gastrodiae rhizoma powder slightly increased by 5.1% but those of 1% and 1.5% were slightly decreased compared with that of the control. Crumb firmness of the control showed relatively high value compared with those($5{\sim}6\;N$) of other samples containing Gastrodiae rhizoma powder regardless of storage temperature and storage period, and the firmness after 5 day storage at $5^{\circ}C$ showed the highest value(about 9.3 N). Sensory evaluation attributes of sponge cakes did not show significant difference by Gastrodiae rhizoma powder addition up to concentration of 1.5%.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.581-585
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• 2003

과숙된 키위로 제조한 키위 파우더를 냉동생지나 쿠키와 같은 bakery 제품의 품질개량제로서 이용 가능한지에 대하여 조사하였다. 키위 파우더를 첨가한 냉동생지로 제조한 빵은 빵 속과 거죽의 색이 전체적으로 진해졌고, crumb firmness, 비용적과 관능적인 특성이 좋지 않아서 키위 파우더의 빵 제품에 대한 적용은 어려움이 있었다. 그러나 쿠키의 경우 쿠키의 비용적은 첨가량에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았고 쿠키의 spread ratio는 유의적으로 감소하였으나 퍼짐성은 첨가량에 따라 조절할 수 있었다. 또한 키위 파우더는 오븐 내에서 쿠키의 수분증발을 지연시켜 쿠키를 촉촉하게 할 수 있었고, 유기산에 의해 신맛을 제거 하거나 masking할 수 있다면, 쿠키의 품질(조직감)개량제로서 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.214-218
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• 2005

Breads were prepared from wheat flour supplemented with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder, and effects of the supplementation of oyster mushroom powder on dough rheology and bread quality were examined. The initial pasting temperature in viscoamylograph increased, but peak and final viscosities decreased with the increased amount of oyster mushroom powder. The gradual increase of water absorption, dough development time and mixing tolerance index, and decrease of dough stability with the increased amount of oyster mushroom powder were obtained by farinographs. The supplementation of oyster mushroom powder had an effect on the bread making, resulting in an increase of loaf weight and a decrease of loaf volume. The rough and coarse crumb texture with dark color was observed with the increased amount of oyster mushroom powder. The firmness of bread crumb containing oyster mushroom powder was increased during storage periods. Sensory evaluation revealed that the addition of $1\%$ oyster mushroom powder could be supplemented to make an acceptable quality of bread.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2003

국산밀의 제분시 생성되는 밀기울(총 식이섬유 42%)을 밀가루에 $0{\sim}30%4 첨가함에 따라 반죽과 yeast 발효빵의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 고식이섬유빵의 소재로 활용하였다. 밀가루에 첨가하는 국내산 밀기울의 양이 증가함에 따라 amylograph 최고점도와 set back은 감소하였으며, mixograph에 의한 반죽의 리을로지 특성에서 peak height는 증가한 반면에 mixing time은 감소하는 경향이었다. 밀기울의 첨가는 빵의 부피를 현저히 낮추고 crumb grain, 텍스쳐 등 관능특성에서 빵의 품질을 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타났다. 밀기울의 첨가에 의해 빵은 L 값이 감소하여 어두워졌으며, crumb의 a 와 b값은 증가하여 적색과 황색의 색조를 부여하였다. 빵의 부피와 관능검사 측정 결과에 따라 국내산 밀기울의 적정 첨가수준은 약 15%까지인 것으로 판단되었다. 15% 밀기울 첨가빵은 대조구 빵에 비해 경도가 2배 이상 높았으며 $5^{\circ}C$와 $25^{\circ}C$에 5일간 저장실험에서 저장 $2{\sim}3$일에 급격한 경도의 증가를 보여주었다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.183-207
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• 1996

This study is to investigate the effect on the quality and properties of bread affected by licorice extract addition. The measurements of the farinograph, extensograph and amylograph on dough are carried out. And the evaluations of volumetric changes during fermentation, shape of bread crumb, sensory test, firmness are obtained. The obtained results are as follows. 1. Proximate compositions of licorice extract are as follows: moisture 73.7%, crude protein 4.1%, crude lipid 2.8%, crude ash 1.4%. 2. Water absoorption, arrival time dough development time mechanical tolerence index and valorimeter value are increased but stability is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 3. The resistance to extension is increased but extensibility is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 4. The initial pasting and highest viscosity temperatures are not affected but the highest viscosity is steepy decreased over 1.0% addition of licorice extract. 5. The volume of dough during fermentation and specific volume of bread is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 6. The grain of bread is to be rough and irregular and the firmness is increased with the addition of licorice extract. 7. The records of sensory test are decreased with the addition of licorice extract.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2011

상업적 복합균주와 효모를 sourdough starter로 사용하여V5가지의 시료를 다음과 같이 준비하였다. 제빵용 효모만을V사용한 control군, 상업용 복합균주를 사용한 LAB 1군, 상업용 복합균주와 효모로 각각 발효한 후 합친 LAB 2군, 상업용 복합균주와 효모를 함께 사용하여 발효한 LAB 3군, 상업용 복합균주와 효모를 사용하여 각각 발효하여 합친 후 다시 10시간 발효한 LAB 4군을 사용하여 제조한 발효식빵의 제빵특성은 다음과 같다. CrumbScan에 의한 영상분석의 결과로 LAB 4의 부피가 2,140 cc로 가장 큰 것으로 발효율이 가장 높았던 LAB 4의 부피가 가장 크게 나타났다. 기공의 조밀도는 부피가 가장 큰 LAB 4가 806로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 기공의 찌그러짐 정도는 기공의 조밀도가 가장 높았던 LAB 1이 1.56으로 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 껍질의 두께는 대조구가 가장 얇았고 LAB 4가 가장 두껍게 나타나 유의적인 차이를 보였다. Sourdough bread의 비용적의 측정결과는 발효율이 가장 높았던 LAB 4의 비용적은 5.14 mL/g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. Firmness 측정결과는 93.2 g인 대조구에 비해 LAB 2, LAB 3과 LAB 4에서의 firmness 측정치는 각각 113.67, 111.97, 113.50 g로 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과에서 식빵의 내부색은 전반적으로 밝게 평가되었으며, LAB 4의 기공이 가장 균일한 것으로 나타났고 촉감도 가장 부드러운 것으로 평가되었고, 전체적인 품질평가에서도 3.7을 나타내어 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 대부분의 평가항목에서 LAB 4로 만든 sourdough bread를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2012

Normal (cv. Keumkang, KK) and waxy-type (cv. Shinmichal, SMC) whole wheat flour was substituted at 20 and 40% for white wheat flour (WF) during bread dough formulation. The flour blends were subjected to dough and baking property measurement in terms of particle size distribution, dough mixing, bread loaf volume and crumb firmness. The particle size of white wheat flour was the finest, with increasing coarseness as the level of whole wheat flour increased. Substitution of whole wheat flour decreased pasting viscosity, showing all RVA parameters were the lowest in SMC40 composite flour. Water absorption was slightly higher with 40% whole wheat flour regardless of whether the wheat was normal or waxy. An increased mixing time was observed when higher levels of KK flour were substituted, but the opposite reaction occurred when SMC flour was substituted at the same levels. Bread loaf volume was lower in breads containing a whole wheat flour substitution compared to bread containing only white wheat flour. No significant difference in bread loaf volume was observed between normal and waxy whole flour, but the bread crumb firmness was significantly lower in breads containing waxy flour. The results of these studies indicate that up to 40% whole wheat flour substitution could be considered a practical option with respect to functional qualities. Also, replacing waxy whole flour has a positive effect on bread formulation over normal whole wheat flour in terms of improving softness and glutinous texture.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.903-908
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• 2010

일반 쌀가루에 활성 글루텐, gum 및 유화제를 첨가하여 쌀 빵을 제조시에 흑미가루의 부분적인 대체(10~30%)가 쌀 식빵의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 쌀 식빵의 부피는 일반 쌀가루로만 제조한 100% 쌀가루 식빵에 비해 흑미가루의 첨가 수준이 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하였다. 흑미가루를 첨가한 쌀 식빵의 내부색은 흑미의 어두운 색상에 의해 L값이 현저히 감소하여 어두워졌으며, 적색도는 증가하고, 황색도는 약간 감소하였다. 흑미가루 첨가 쌀 식빵의 저장 중 텍스쳐에서 대조구 쌀 식빵과 비교하여 흑미가루 10~20% 첨가 쌀 식빵은 3일간 저장 기간 중에 식빵의 경도에 크게 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 흑미가루 30% 첨가 쌀 식빵에서는 경도가 현저히 높게 증가하였다. 흑미가루 첨가 쌀 식빵의 DPPH radical 소거능은 흑미 첨가 비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하여 흑미 첨가 쌀 식빵의 항산화 활성은 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다.